Wake wazibuza ukuthi leli gazi elingaphakathi kwemizimba yethu livelaphi nokuthi lenziwa kanjani? Siyazi ukuthi libaluleke kangakanani leli gazi ukusigcina siphilile, lisivikele ezifweni, futhi lithwale umoya-mpilo kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngale nqubo emangalisayo, okungukuthi, imizimba yethu yenza amaseli egazi amasha ngokwayo. Lifana nefektri encane ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
Kuyini i-hematopoiesis?
Kalula nje, i-Hematopoiesis inqubo yokukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi emizimbeni yethu. Njengoba amangqamuzana egazi amadala efa, amangqamuzana egazi amasha kumele akhiqizwe njalo ukuze awathathe indawo yawo. Ngaphandle kwawo, ukuphakelwa kwegazi kwethu kuzophazamiseka. Le nqubo iqala ngaphambi kokuba sizalwe futhi iyaqhubeka ngomjikelezo kukho konke ukuphila kwethu.
Leli gama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa incazelo yalo ilula kakhulu. Lakhiwe ngamagama amabili esiGreki:
- IHaîma (Haima): kusho "igazi"
- I-Poiēsis: kusho "ukwenza into"
Manje usuyaqonda, akunjalo? Uma la magama amabili ehlanganiswa, asho "ukwakheka kwegazi." Ngezinye izikhathi amagama anjenge-`(hemopoiesis)` kanye ne-`(hematogenesis)` nawo ayasetshenziswa kulokhu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaseli egazi akhiqizwa yile nqubo?
Igazi lethu lakhiwe ngeqoqo lezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli. Zonke lezi zinhlobo zamaseli zikhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo ye-hematopoiesis. Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko kanye nemisebenzi yazo.
| Uhlobo lweseli legazi | Umsebenzi ulula. |
|---|---|
| Amaseli Egazi Abomvu noma ama-Erythrocyte | Lezi 'yisevisi yokulethwa' ethatha umoya-mpilo emaphashini ethu bese iwuyisa kuzo zonke ezinye izitho zomzimba kanye namaseli emzimbeni. Ziphinde zithwale imikhiqizo yemfucuza ye-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa amaseli ibuyele emaphashini. Igazi lethu liqukethe iningi lamaseli abomvu egazi. Inqubo yokwenza lokhu ibizwa ngokuthi i-Erythropoiesis . |
| Amaseli Egazi Amhlophe noma Ama-Leukocyte | Lawa 'amasosha' emizimba yethu. Lawa maseli amhlophe egazi asivikela ezifweni ngokulwa nabahlaseli bakwamanye amazwe njengamagciwane, amabhaktheriya, namagciwane. Asiza futhi ekubhubhiseni amaseli angajwayelekile akha emzimbeni. Inqubo yokuwenza ibizwa ngokuthi i-leukopoiesis . |
| Ama-Platelet noma ama-Thrombocyte | Cabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma usika isandla sakho. Ngemva kwesikhashana, ukuphuma kwegazi kuyaphela, akunjalo? Yilokho okusiza ngakho lawa ma-platelet. Lawa yizingcezu zamaseli ezinamathelayo. Uma kunenxeba, ayahlangana ukuze akhe ihlule, amise ukuphuma kwegazi. Inqubo yokwenza lokhu ibizwa ngokuthi i-thrombopoiesis . |
Ingabe kunezinhlobo zamaseli amhlophe egazi?
Yebo, njengasebuthweni lethu lezempi, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli amhlophe egazi. Ngayinye inomsebenzi wayo othize okufanele iwenze. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Ama-neutrophils
- Ama-Basophil
- Ama-Eosinophil
- Ama-monocyte
- Ama-lymphocyte - Lawa ahlukaniswe kabanzi ngamaseli e-B, amaseli e-T, kanye namaseli e-Natural Killer.
Kwenzeka kuphi ngempela lokhu kwakheka kwegazi?
Ifektri eyinhloko ekhiqiza la maseli egazi ingaphakathi komnkantsha wethu. Umnkantsha uyizicubu ezithambile, ezithambile ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu amakhulu. Amaseli egazi enziwa emnkantsha, bese ehlangana nemithambo yegazi yethu.
Nakuba igazi livame ukukhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethambo, kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, isibonelo, uma umnkantshe unesifo esiwuvimbela ekwenzeni igazi, izitho ezifana nesibindi sethu kanye ne-spleen nazo zingaqala ukukhiqiza igazi.
Kodwa izindawo lapho kukhiqizwa khona leli gazi zihlukile kancane ngaphambi nangemva kokuzalwa kwethu.
Ngaphambi kokuzalwa (esigabeni sokukhulelwa)
Phakathi namasonto ambalwa okuqala okukhulelwa, igazi likhiqizwa esakhiweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-yolk sac. Bese kuthi, njengoba ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka, lo msebenzi udluliselwe esibindini nasesinqeni. Cishe ngenyanga yesihlanu yokukhulelwa, igazi liqala ukukhiqizwa ikakhulukazi emnkantsheni wamathambo.
Ngemva kokuzalwa
Kusukela ngosuku esizalwa ngalo kuze kube yilapho sesikhulile, umongo wamathambo uyisikhungo esiyinhloko sokukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elibizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte lukhula nasezindaweni ezifana ne-thymus, eziyingxenye yesistimu ye-lymphatic, ngaphezu komnkantsha wamathambo.
Inqubo ye-hematopoiesis yenzeka kanjani?
Lonke lolu hlelo luqala ngeseli elilodwa elikhethekile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC).Ake sibize lokhu ngokuthi “iseli elingumama” noma “iseli eliyinhloko.” Leli seli elingumama lingaba iseli elibomvu legazi, iseli elimhlophe legazi, iplatelet, noma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli legazi.
Cabanga ngalokhu njengenqwaba yobumba. Njengoba nje kusembozweni, inqwaba yobumba ingasetshenziswa ukwenza imbiza, ipuleti, noma yini enye, noma yiliphi iseli legazi lingenziwa ngaleli seli le-HSC.
Leli seli le-HSC liqala ngokuba yiseli "elingaphambi kweseli". Leli seli elingaphambi kweseli liphinde lihlukane izikhathi eziningana, ekugcineni libe yiseli elibomvu legazi elikhule ngokugcwele, iseli elimhlophe legazi, noma i-platelet.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi (i-Erythropoiesis): Iseli le-HSC likhula libe yiseli elingaphambili elibizwa ngokuthi i-``erythroblast'', ekugcineni eliba yiseli elibomvu legazi.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (i-Leukopoiesis): Kunezindlela ezimbili zokukhiqiza lapha. Amanye amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi akhiqizwa ngendlela ye-``myeloid cell line``, kanye nama-lymphocyte ngendlela ye-``lymphoid cell line``.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamaplatelet (Thrombopoiesis): Iseli le-HSC likhula libe yiseli elikhulu elibizwa ngokuthi ``i-megakaryocyte.'' Bese, amaplatelet akhiwa ngokuqhekeka abe yizicucu ezivela kuleli seli elikhulu.
Kuthiwani uma kunenkinga ngale nqubo?
Imizimba yethu iyakwazi kakhulu ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kwala maseli egazi. Lokho kusho ukuthi senza inani lamaseli esiwadingayo kuphela. Kodwa ezinye izifo zingaphazamisa le nqubo. Khona-ke kungakhiqizwa amaseli egazi ambalwa kakhulu, noma kungakhiqizwa amaningi kakhulu. Akukho nakunye kwalawa okuhle emzimbeni.
| Uhlobo lweseli legazi | Uma inani lamaseli lehla (Lincane Kakhulu) | Uma inani lamaseli likhuphuka (Liningi Kakhulu) |
|---|---|---|
| Amaseli egazi abomvu | Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-anemia . Umzimba uzizwa ukhathele futhi ubuthakathaka ngoba amangqamuzana omzimba awatholi umoya-mpilo awudingayo. | Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Erythrocytosis . Singabangela ukuthi igazi lijiye, okwandisa ingozi yezimo ezifana nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi. |
| Amaseli egazi amhlophe | Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Leukopenia . Uma amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ephansi, amasosha omzimba aba buthaka, futhi izifo zingavela njalo. | Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Leukocytosis . Ngokuvamile sivela uma ulwa nokutheleleka. Kodwa singavela nakwezinye izifo zegazi noma izimo zomdlavuza. |
| Ama-platelet | Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Thrombocytopenia . Ngisho nokulimala okuncane kungabangela ukopha okungapheli. Ungase ube nemivimbo emzimbeni wakho. | Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-thrombocytosis , futhi sandisa ingozi yokwakheka kwamahlule egazi ayingozi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. |
Yiziphi izimo eziphazamisa inqubo ye-hematopoiesis?
Le nqubo yokwakheka kwegazi ingaphazanyiswa ngezizathu ezahlukene.
- Ukuguga: Njengoba siguga, ukugcinwa kwamafutha emnkantsheni kunganda, kunciphisa ikhono lokwenza amangqamuzana egazi.
- Izifo zegazi nomdlavuza: Umdlavuza ofana ne-leukemia, i-lymphoma, kanye ne-myeloma ungabangela ukuthi kwakheke inani elikhulu lamaseli egazi angajwayelekile angasebenzi kahle.
- Eminye imithi: Isibonelo, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali komdlavuza kungabulala hhayi kuphela amangqamuzana omdlavuza kodwa futhi namangqamuzana egazi anempilo. Lokhu kungumphumela ongemuhle weminye imithi.
Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokuzizwa ukhathele njalo, ukuthola umkhuhlane kanye nezifo njalo, ukushaqeka ngaphandle kwesizathu, noma ukopha esilondeni okuthatha isikhathi eside ukuyeka, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zenkinga yegazi.
I-Hematopoiesis inqubo eqhubekayo nebalulekile yokusinda kwethu. Le fektri encane engaphakathi komnkantsha wethu yiyo esigcina siphilile futhi sinamandla. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela impilo yegazi lethu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-HematopoiesisKubhekisela enkambisweni umzimba wethu okhiqiza ngayo amangqamuzana egazi abizwa ngokuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet.
- Le nqubo yenzeka kakhulu emnkantsheni wamathambo ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu.
- Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi asivikela ezifweni, kanti ama-platelet ayayeka ukopha uma silimele.
- Inani lamaseli egazi eliphansi noma eliphakeme kunejwayelekile lingaholela ezimweni ezahlukene zezokwelapha.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala okukhulu okungachazeki, ukutheleleka njalo, noma ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
💬 Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.
Add Your Comment