Ake sifunde ngamathumba avela kumaseli afana nezinkanyezi ebuchosheni bakho (i-Astrocytoma)!

Sonke sibhekene nezinkinga zempilo ezingalindelekile ekuphileni kwethu, akunjalo? Mhlawumbe uphathwa yikhanda njalo noma uzizwa sengathi inkumbulo yakho iyalahleka kancane. Nakuba lezi zingaba izinto ezivamile, ngezinye izikhathi zingaba izimpawu zenkinga engaphakathi emzimbeni wethu, ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lwesimila esingase senzeke ebuchosheni, okuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa sonke kufanele siqaphele. Leyo yi -Astrocytoma .

Kuyini i-Astrocytoma? Masiyiqonde kalula!

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi iyini le astrocytoma. Kalula nje, uhlobo lwesimila oluvela ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa oluphakathi (CNS) , olutholakala kakhulu ebuchosheni futhi ngezinye izikhathi emgogodleni (intambo yezinzwa egeleza emgogodleni). Lawa mathumba akhiwa ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwamaseli anesimo sezinkanyezi ebuchosheni bethu. Odokotela babiza lawa maseli ngokuthi "amangqamuzana e-astrocyte". Lawa "maseli e-astrocyte" angamaseli angaphansi kweqembu lamaseli asiza, ondle, futhi avikele ubuchopho kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa. Lawa maseli asizayo avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "amangqamuzana e-glial". Ngaphandle "kwamaseli e-astrocyte", kunezinye izinhlobo "zamaseli e-glial" ezibizwa ngokuthi "ama-oligodendrocytes" kanye "namaseli e-ependymal". Ngakho-ke, amathumba akheka lapho lawa "maseli e-glial" eqala ukukhula ngokungalawuleki abizwa ngokuthi "i-glioma". I-Astrocytoma uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-glioma.

Lezi zimila ze-astrocytoma zingaba umdlavuza (eziyingozi) noma ezingezona umdlavuza (ezingembi) . Lokho kusho ukuthi ezinye ziyingozi futhi zisakazeka ngokushesha. Ezinye azisakazeki, futhi zikhula futhi zisakazeka kancane kancane.

Odokotela bahlukanisa ama-astrocytomas “ngamamaki” awo, njengamabanga esikoleni. Lawa mamaki achaza ukuthi isimila sikhula ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi sisakazekele ezicutshini zobuchopho eziseduze. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, alukho uhlelo “lokulinganisa”.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-Astrocytoma?

I-World Health Organization (WHO) ihlukanise ama-astrocytomas ngama-grade amane ayinhloko. Ibanga loku-1 uhlobo olunengozi ephansi kakhulu, olukhula kancane. Ibanga lesi-4 uhlobo olunolaka kakhulu, olukhula ngokushesha kakhulu, noluyingozi kakhulu.

I-Astrocytoma Engeyona Enomdlavuza (Engenabungozi)

Lezi yizimila ezinobungozi obuphansi, ezingezona umdlavuza.

• I-Astrocytoma Yebanga 1:
• I-astrocytoma ye-pilocytic:Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesimila sebanga loku-1. Sikhula kancane kakhulu futhi cishe asisabalali. Asinawo umdlavuza. Ngemva kokuba sisusiwe ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe ngokuvamile akudingeki. Lawa mathumba avame ukuvela ku-cerebellum, ingxenye yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuthi i-cerebellum .
• I-Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: Lolu hlobo lwesimila luvame ukukhula ebuchosheni. Luvame ukuvela engxenyeni yobuchopho yesikhashana . Lokhu kungabangela ukuquleka njalo. Lungelashwa ngokuhlinzwa.
• I-Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA): Lolu hlobo lwesimila luvela ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezinesimo sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi i-tuberous sclerosis. Lukhula ezimbotsheni ezigcwele uketshezi ngaphakathi kobuchopho ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-ventricles . Lungelashwa nangokuhlinzwa.

I-Astrocytoma Ebulalayo

Lezi yizimila eziyingozi eziqukethe amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi zingakhula futhi zisakazeke ngokushesha.

• I-Astrocytoma Yebanga Lesi-2: Lawa mathumba avame ukusabalala ezicutshini zobuchopho ezizungezile, okwenza kube nzima ukuzelapha ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa kuphela.
• Ama-Astrocytomas eBanga lesi-3: Lawa anamandla kakhulu kunezimila zebanga lesi-2. Ngokuvamile, isimila sebanga lesi-2 singaqhubekela ebangeni lesi-3 ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lawa awakwazi ukwelapha ngokuhlinzwa kuphela. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuyadingeka ngempela, futhi i-chemotherapy nayo ivame ukudingeka.
• Ama-glioblastoma: Lawa ama-astrocytoma ebanga lesi-4 . Aluhlobo oluvame kakhulu nolunolaka kakhulu lwe-astrocytoma. Akhula futhi asakazeke ngokushesha okukhulu. Cishe u-10% wawo akhula evela ku-astrocytoma esezingeni eliphansi evele yaba umdlavuza. Noma, ezimweni ezingama-90%, aqala njengesimila sebanga lesi-4.

Ubani othola i-Astrocytoma?

Lezi zimila zingakhula kunoma ubani, kodwa amazinga ahlukene ezimila atholakale evame kakhulu kubantu beminyaka ehlukene:

• I-Astrocytoma yeBanga 1: Ivame kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha.
• I-Astrocytoma yeBanga lesi-2: Ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-20 no-60.
• I-Astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3: Ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-30 no-60 ubudala.
• I-Glioblastoma (i-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-4): Ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-80.

Kuthiwa futhi amadoda anamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa ama-astrocytomas ebanga lesi-3 nelesi-4.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo?

Ukusabalala kwamazinga ahlukene e-astrocytoma nakho kuyahlukahluka:

• I-astrocytoma yebanga loku-1: Cishe u-2% wazo zonke izimila zobuchopho.
• I-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-2: ibangela u-2% kuya ku-5% wazo zonke izimila zobuchopho.
• I-Astrocytoma yeBanga lesi-3: Cishe u-4% wazo zonke izimila zobuchopho.
• Ama-Astrocytomas ebanga lesi-4 (ama-Glioblastoma): Akha cishe ama-24% azo zonke izimila zobuchopho.

Phakathi kwabantu abadala, i-glioblastoma (i-grade 4 astrocytoma) uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wobuchopho.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Astrocytoma?

Izimpawu zalesi simila zingahluka kuye ngobukhulu besimila nokuthi sitholakala kuphi ebuchosheni. Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda obuhlala bukhona, ngezinye izikhathi bube bubi kakhulu ekuseni.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ukuquleka.
• Izinguquko esimweni sengqondo: Isibonelo, izimo ezinjengokungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo (ukuhlanya) noma ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo ephelele (ukuhlanya).
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
• Ezinye izinkinga zengqondo: izinguquko zobuntu, izinguquko zemizwa (njengokucindezeleka).
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile emzimbeni.
• Izinkinga zokubona: Ukubona okufiphele, ukubona okukabili.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma (i-aphasia): Ubunzima bokubumba amagama, ukungakwazi ukucabanga ukuthi uzothini.
• Izinkinga zokunyakaza: izitho zomzimba ziyaba ndikindiki, zibe buthakathaka, futhi zibonise ukusabela okungavamile.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-Astrocytoma?

Eqinisweni, abacwaningi abakayazi imbangela eqondile ye-astrocytomas eminingi. Iningi lala mathumba livela ngezikhathi ezithile. Ezimbili zezici eziyinhloko eziyingozi abacwaningi abazitholile ukuchayeka emisebeni kanye nethonya lezakhi zofuzo.

Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwamuva luveze ukuthi ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okubizwa ngokuthi `(IDH1 gene)` kunegalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwama-astrocytomas asezingeni eliphansi. Lesi sakhi sofuzo sisiza amangqamuzana ethu ukuthi akhiqize amandla. Lapho lesi sakhi sofuzo siguqulwa, kukhiqizwa ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi `(2-HG)`. Lokhu kuqongelela kuma-`(astrocyte cells)` anempilo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi lawo maseli aqala ukungajwayelekile. Yilapho-ke ama-astrocytomas ekhula khona.

Ukuchayeka emisebeni kanye ne-astrocytoma

Ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-ionizing, isibonelo, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuzaUkwelashwa ngemisebe kwandisa ingozi yokuthola i-astrocytoma.

Isibonelo, izingane ezine-acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) ezithola ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukuvimbela lesi sifo zingase zibe namathuba aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-22 okuthola isimila sesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, njenge-astrocytoma, zingakapheli iminyaka emi-5 kuya kweyi-10.

Izimbangela zofuzo kanye ne-astrocytoma

Kutholakale ukuthi lezi zimo ezilandelayo ezingavamile zofuzo zihlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwama-astrocytomas:

• I-Li-Fraumeni syndrome: Lesi simo senzeka uma kukhona ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okubizwa ngokuthi i-TP53 gene. Abantu abanalesi sifo banethuba elingu-90% lokuthuthukisa uhlobo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lomdlavuza empilweni yabo. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi i-astrocytoma.
• I-Neurofibromatosis uhlobo 1 (NF1): Kulesi simo, ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okucatshangwa ukuthi kuzovimba ukukhula kwezimila kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana akhule ngendlela engavamile. Abantu abane-NF1 bangase babe nama-astrocytomas, izimila zemizwa engaphandle, kanye namabala e-café-au-lait esikhumbeni.
• I-Tuberous sclerosis: Lesi simo sibangela izinkinga zempilo ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuquleka, ukubambezeleka kokukhula, kanye nokwakheka kwezimila ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. Sibangelwa izinguquko ezakhiweni ezimbili, i-TSC1 gene kanye ne-TSC2 gene. I-Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (ama-SEGA) ngokuvamile akhula kuphela kubantu abane-tuberous sclerosis.
• I-Turcot syndrome: Lesi simo sibangelwa izinguquko ezakhiweni eziningana zofuzo ezivimbela ukukhula kwesimila. Singabangela ukukhula okuncane (ama-polyp) emathunjini kanye nesimila esisodwa noma ngaphezulu, njenge-astrocytomas, ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni.

I-Astrocytoma itholakala kanjani?

Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-astrocytoma zifana nezezinye izifo zezinzwa, kungaba nzima kancane ngodokotela ukusola noma ukuxilonga.

Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha. Cishe uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa . Lokhu kuzosiza ekutholeni ukuthi inkinga ikuphi ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni.

Udokotela uzobe eseyala ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kobuchopho. I-MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) iskena iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola nokuxilonga i-astrocytoma. Uma ungakwazi ukwenza i-MRI ngoba une-pacemaker noma i-joint implant, i-CT scan (i-Computed tomography scan) iyindlela elandelayo engcono kakhulu.

Uma lezi zivivinyo zezithombe zibonisa noma yini engajwayelekile ebuchosheni, udokotela cishe uzokwenza i-biopsy (ethatha ingxenye encane yesimila ukuze ayihlole) noma ahlinzwe kabusha.(ukususwa kwesimila ngokuhlinzwa) kuyanconywa. Lena yindlela kuphela yokuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile.

Ingabe i-astrocytoma yomdlavuza ingelapheka?

Ama-astrocytoma ebanga loku-1 avame ukwelapheka ngokuhlinzwa uma udokotela wezinzwa engasusa isimila sonke ngokuphephile. Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi amanye ama-astrocytoma ebanga lesi-2 nawo angelapheka ngokuhlinzwa.

Kodwa-ke, okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa kwe-astrocytomas yebanga lesi-3 nelesi-4 (ikakhulukazi i-glioblastomas) ngoba ikhula futhi isakazeka ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye nemithi ethile kungalawula ukukhula kwalezi zimila futhi kunciphise izimpawu.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Astrocytoma?

Izinketho zokwelapha zincike ezintweni eziningana:

• Indawo, usayizi, kanye nohlobo lwesimila.
• iminyaka yakho.
• Impilo yakho iyonke.

Ithimba lochwepheshe lizosebenzisana ukuze linqume uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kuwe. Leli thimba lingafaka:

• Odokotela bezinzwa
• Odokotela abahlinza izinzwa
• Odokotela be-radiation oncologists
• Odokotela bezokwelapha abangomdlavuza

Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko ze-astrocytoma yilezi:

• Ukuhlinzwa.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
• I-chemotherapy eyengeziwe.
• Izinkambu zokwelapha izimila (ze-glioblastoma).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nezivivinyo zemitholampilo ongazibandakanya kuzo.

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-astrocytoma

Ukuhlinzwa kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekwelapheni i-astrocytoma. Kunikeza izinzuzo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Ungathola ukuthi hlobo luni lwethumba ngokuthatha ingcezu yezicubu ezivela kuthumba bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

2. Odokotela bangenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe ngesimila ukuze babone ukuthi kukhona yini amaprotheni kanye nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okungase kuqondiswe emithi ethile.

3. Ivumela ukususwa kwesimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi kobuchopho kanye nogebhezi futhi kuvimbele ezinye izinkinga.

Ngenxa yokuthi ama-astrocytomas ebanga loku-1 akhula kancane futhi awasabalali kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho, ukuhlinzwa kuwukuphela kokwelashwa okutholakalayo.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezisizayo ze-astrocytoma

Ukwelashwa okusizayo, ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi "ukwelashwa kosizo," kuhlose amangqamuzana omdlavuza angabulawanga ukwelashwa okuyinhloko. Ku-astrocytoma, ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko.

Ama-astrocytoma ebanga lesi-3 nelesi-4 ahlala edinga ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa. Ama-astrocytoma ebanga lesi-2 angadinga nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngezinye izikhathi.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-astrocytoma:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nge-temozolomide (TMZ): Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza kanye/noma ukuwavimba ukuthi angaphindaphindeki. Umuthi, i-temozolomide (TMZ), usebenza ngokushintsha i-DNA yamangqamuzana esimila, okubangela ukuba afe. ​​I-TMZ iyindlela yokwelapha ewusizo yomugqa wokuqala yawo wonke ama-astrocytomas ebanga lesi-3 nelesi-4. Ngezinye izikhathi inikezwa nama-astrocytomas ebanga lesi-2.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa imisebe (ngokuvamile i-X-ray enamandla aphezulu) ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lena indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokwelapha ama-astrocytomas.
• I-Bevacizumab: Lona umuthi ojovwayo. Usebenza ngokuvimbela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi okusiza ukukhula kwesimila. I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ivumile lo muthi we-glioblastoma ephindaphindayo. Uyasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala nokuqeda izimpawu.
• Izinkambu zokwelapha izimila: Lena idivayisi ekhethekile ekhiqiza izinkambu zikagesi. Lezi zinkambu zinganciphisa ukukhula kwesimila. Sigqokwa njengesigqoko sokuzivikela. Odokotela bangase batuse lokhu kwelashwa kwe-glioblastoma esanda kutholakala futhi ephindaphindayo.

Ngingakuvimbela yini ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Astrocytoma?

Okwamanje akukho ongakwenza ukuvimbela ama-astrocytomas ukuthi angakhuli. Isikhathi esiningi, akhula ngokungahleliwe.

Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo sofuzo esikubeka engcupheni enkulu yokuthola i-astrocytoma, kubalulekile ukubona ithimba lakho lezokwelapha njalo ukuze lihlolwe. Bangakuqapha izimpawu ze-astrocytoma. Uma lokhu kutholakala ngokushesha, kungcono.

Iyini i-prognosis ye-Astrocytoma?

Umbono, ukuthi lesi sifo sizothuthuka yini nokuthi ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani, kuncike ezintweni eziningana:

• Izinga lesimila: Uma izinga liphezulu, isimo siba sibi kakhulu.
• Ingakanani isimila esingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa:Nakuba ama-astrocytoma ebanga loku-1 engelapheka ngokuhlinzwa kuphela, ama-astrocytoma ebanga lesi-2 kuya kwelesi-4 awakwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, uma udokotela wezinzwa engasusa izicubu eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka, izinga lokusinda lihle.
• Ukusetshenziswa kokwelashwa okwengeziwe: Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe, kunganciphisa izimpawu futhi kwandise ukusinda.
• Ubudala: Ngokuvamile, abantu abasha baphila isikhathi eside.
• Isimo sengqondo: Labo abanezimpawu ezincane kanye nokusebenza okuvamile kwezinzwa banesikhathi eside sokusinda.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwazi ukukunikeza ulwazi olunembile mayelana nokuthi yini ongayilindela. Ungesabi ukubabuza imibuzo.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda kwe-Astrocytoma?

Izinga lokusinda elijwayelekile liyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi i-astrocytoma ingakanani:

• Ibanga 1 (ama-astrocytomas e-Pilocytic): Iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10.
• I-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-2: iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-5.
• I-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3: Phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 neyi-5.
• Ibanga lesi-4 (i-Glioblastomas): Cishe unyaka.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi ziyizilinganiso nje zeqembu elikhulu labantu abane-astrocytomas. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwazi ukukunikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana namazinga okusinda ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami mayelana ne-Astrocytoma?

Kuzodingeka ube ne -aphoyintimenti yokulandelela nodokotela bezinzwa, odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza, kanye nodokotela bezinzwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kuyaphumelela noma kuyaqhubeka kuphumelela.

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha noma uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu. Isibonelo:

• Izinkinga zememori.
• Ukudlikizela.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu noma izinkinga zokubona.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Kungaba usizo ukubuza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha le mibuzo:

• Kungani ngithole i-astrocytoma?
• Uhlobo luni lwe-astrocytoma enginalo?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kimi?
• Yiziphi izivivinyo zezokwelapha engingazibandakanya kuzo?
• Ziyini izingozi nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
• Ngizodinga ukunakekelwa kwangemva kokwelashwa ngaluphi uhlobo?
• Lingakanani ithuba lokuthi umdlavuza uzobuya noma usabalale ngemva kokwelashwa?
• Yiziphi izimpawu zokukhula kwesimila okufanele ngiziqaphele?
• Yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga zokwelapha okufanele ngiziqaphele?
• Ingabe umndeni wami usengozini yokuthola i-astrocytoma?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Astrocytoma ne-Glioblastoma?

I-Glioblastoma uhlobo lwe-astrocytoma - ikakhulukazi i-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-4. I-Glioblastoma iyisimila esinomdlavuza esikhula futhi sisakazeke ngokushesha. Yisifo somdlavuza wobuchopho esivame kakhulu.

Ingabe i-Astrocytoma inonya noma ayinabungozi?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-astrocytomas - ezinye azinawo umdlavuza (zingenobungozi), kanti ezinye zinomdlavuza (ziyingozi). I-astrocytomas yebanga loku-1 ayiwona umdlavuza. Ibanga lesi-2 kuya kwelesi-4 linomdlavuza.

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhungathekile uma uthola ukuthi unesimila sobuchopho. I-Astrocytoma ingafika ngamamaki ahlukahlukene - amanye ayingozi, amanye anomdlavuza. Kodwa themba ukuthi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwakha uhlelo lokwelapha oluqondene nawe, oluphelele ukukusiza ukuphatha i-astrocytoma yakho futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho. Ungesabi, ungangabazi, buza odokotela bakho imibuzo, futhi usekele ukwelashwa kwakho. Ngikufisela ukululama okusheshayo!

i- astrocytoma, isimila sobuchopho, i-glioma, i-astrocyte, isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, umdlavuza, i-glioblastoma