Ithemba elisha kwabangezwa! Ake sifunde konke mayelana ne-Auditory Brainstem Implant (ABI)!

Wake wacabanga ngomhlaba ongenamsindo? Izwi lomuntu omthandayo, ingoma enhle, ukuhleka komntwana... Impilo engenakuzwa lutho. Kunzima ukuyicabanga, akunjalo? Kodwa, kwabanye abantu, leli yiqiniso. Lapho belahlekelwa ukuzwa ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, lapho belahlekelwa ukuzwa, balahlekelwa ukuxhumana kwabo nomhlaba womsindo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezokwelapha, manje sekukhona ubuchwepheshe obunganikeza ithemba kubantu abanjalo. Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla.

Kalula nje, iyini le Auditory Brainstem Implant (ABI)?

Lokhu futhi kuyinsiza yokuzwa. Kodwa akufani nensiza yokuzwa ovame ukuyibona endlebeni. I-Auditory Brainstem Implant (ABI) iyithuluzi elifakwa ngokuhlinzwa emzimbeni. Lenzelwe ukunikeza umuntu oyisithulu ngokuphelele umuzwa womsindo .

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma imbangela yokulahlekelwa ukuzwa kuyinkinga nge-cochlea (indlebe yangaphakathi) noma inkinga ngenzwa yokuzwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma "indlela" ethwala izimpawu zomsindo isuka endlebeni iye ebuchosheni iphukile ngokuphelele, le divayisi iyayidlula leyo ndlela ephukile bese ithumela izimpawu ngqo engxenyeni yobuchopho enesibopho sokuzwa (i-brainstem).

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko umuntu azitholayo kulokhu yilezi:

• Ukukwazi ukuqaphela imisindo ekuzungezile (isib. umuntu okhulumayo, imoto esondelayo, njll.).
• Ikhono lokuqonda lokho umuntu akushoyo ngokubuka izindebe zakhe (ukufunda izindebe) liyakhula lapho ekhuluma.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, ungakwazi ukubona imisindo, ukuqonda amagama, ngisho nemisho.

Ibukeka kanjani le divayisi ye-ABI?

Le divayisi inezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: enye egqokwa ngaphandle komzimba, kanti enye efakwe ngokuhlinzwa emzimbeni.

1. Iprosesa: Lena yingxenye engaphandle komzimba wakho. Ibukeka njengedivayisi encane. Igqokwa phezu kwendlebe yakho noma ohlangothini lwekhanda lakho. Isebenzisa imakrofoni ukuthola imisindo ekuzungezile. Bese iguqula leyo misindo ibe yizimpawu zikagesi bese iyithumela kwenye ingxenye efakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho. Ungasusa le ngxenye yangaphandle ngenkathi ulele.

2. Ukufakelwa Kwangaphakathi: Yilokhu odokotela abakufaka emzimbeni ngokuhlinzwa. Lokhu futhi kunezingxenye ezimbili:

• Isikhuthazi-sokwamukela: Lokhu kufakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba sekhanda lakho. Kuthola izimpawu ezivela kuphrosesa yangaphandle.
• I-electrode paddle: Izimpawu ezivela ku-receiver zithunyelwa ngqo esikhungweni esikhulu sokuzwa sobuchopho, i-cochlear nucleus complex, esiqwini sobuchopho, nge-electrode pad encane.

Kalula nje, ithatha imisindo evela ngaphandle bese iyithumela ngaphakathi. Ingaphakathi lithumela lezo zimpawu ngqo ebuchosheni.

Ingabe le ABI ifana neCochlear Implant esivame ukuzwa ngayo?

Cha. Nakuba zombili ziyizinto ezifakwe ngokuhlinzwa ezisiza ngokuzwa, indlela ezisebenza ngayo kanye nabantu ezifanelana nabo zihlukile. Cabanga ngale ndlela: indlebe iyisango, kanti inzwa yokuzwa ingumgwaqo osuka esangweni uye ekhaya (ubuchopho).

• I-cochlear implant isetshenziselwa abantu abanesango elilodwa kuphela (i-'cochlea' ngaphakathi kwendlebe) eliphukile, kodwa indlela yabo eya ekhaya (umthambo wokuzwa) iphelele. I-cochlear implant idlula isango eliphukile bese ithumela izimpawu ngqo emgwaqweni (umthambo wokuzwa).
• I-ABI isetshenziswa kuphela ngabantu abalimele isango (i-cochlea) kanye nomgwaqo (inzwa yokuzwa), noma abangenawo nhlobo umgwaqo. Uma kunjalo, akunasizathu sokuthumela izimpawu emgwaqweni. Lokho i-ABI ekwenzayo ukudlula isango kanye nomgwaqo bese ithumela izimpawu ngqo endlini (i-brainstem).

Lo mehluko uzocaca kuwe uma ubheka ithebula elingezansi.

Ubani ofanele lolu hlinzwa lwe-ABI?

Lobu buchwepheshe baqale bathuthukiswa kubantu abanesimo esingavamile sezakhi zofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi `i-Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2).` Kulesi sifo, izimila zikhula eduze kwenzwa yokuzwa. Ukuhlinzwa kokususa lezi zimila kungalimaza inzwa yokuzwa. Bese zilahlekelwa ukuzwa kuzo zombili izindlebe. Esimweni esinjalo, usizo lokuzwa noma i-cochlear implant ngeke kusize. Yingakho i-ABI isiza kakhulu abantu abanjalo.

Kodwa manje, hhayi labo abane-NF2 kuphela, kodwa nalabo abanezinzwa zokuzwa noma indlebe yangaphakathi engasebenzi kahle ngenxa yezizathu eziningi bangazuza kulobu buchwepheshe. Isibonelo:

• Izingane ezincane ezizalwa zinenzwa yokuzwa engekho (`aplasia`) noma engakakhuli ngokugcwele (`hypoplasia`).
• Abantu abalahlekelwe ukuzwa ngenxa yezimbangela ezifana nokukhubazeka esimweni sendlebe yangaphakathi (i-cochlea), ukuthuthuka okungaphelele (i-cochlear hypoplasia), ukuntuleka kokwakheka kwezingxenye (i-cochlea aplasia), noma ukukhula kwamathambo (i-cochlear otosclerosis noma i-cochlear ossification).
• Labo abanomonakalo emsipheni wokuzwa ngenxa yokulimala okukhulu ekhanda (isib. ukuphuka kwamathambo okwesikhashana).
• Kulabo abayizithulu ngenxa yezinye izizathu futhi abangezwakali nganoma iyiphi enye idivayisi.

Yini okufanele uyenze ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?

Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa okukhulu, kuzokwenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ukuze kuhlolwe kahle isimo sakho kusengaphambili.

• Ukuhlolwa kokuziphatha: Kukala izinga lokuzwa kwakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuxhumana: Udokotela wezifo zolimi lokukhuluma uzohlola amakhono akho olimi kanye nesitayela sakho sokuxhumana.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Electrophysiologic: Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi uhlelo lokuzwa lonakele kuphi futhi ngezinga elingakanani.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuskena kwe-CT kanye nokuskena kwe-MRI ukuhlola indlebe yangaphakathi, inzwa yokuzwa, kanye nezakhiwo ezizungezile ebuchosheni.
• Umlando wezokwelapha: Udokotela wakho uzobuza ngezimo zakho zezokwelapha kanye nomlando wezinkinga zokuzwa.

Ziyini izinzuzo, izingozi, kanye nemiphumela yalokhu kuhlinzwa?

Uma sikhuluma ngalokhu, sidinga ukuqonda isimo sangempela.

Izinzuzo:

Nakuba imiphumela ihlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu, ngokuvamile, izinto ezifana nokubona inkulumo nokufunda izindebe ziyathuthuka kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izingane ezenza lokhu kuhlinzwa zisencane (ngaphambi kokuba ukulahlekelwa kwazo ukuzwa kube isikhathi eside) zinekhono elingcono lokuqonda amagama kunabantu abadala.

Izingozi Nezinkinga:

Lokhu ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunezingozi ezithile. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenziwa yithimba lodokotela abanekhono abanolwazi kulolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa, amathuba okuba nezinkinga mancane kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela konke lokhu ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ezinye zezinkinga ezingaba khona yilezi:

• Ukuvuza koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal.
• Ukwehluleka kokufakelwa.
• Ukungakhululeki okubangelwa ukushukunyiswa kwemizwa ngaphandle kokuzwa.
• Izifo ezifana ne-meningitis.
• Ukulimala kwemizwa yobuso (`Ukukhubazeka kwemizwa yobuso bakho`).
• Ukutheleleka kwesilonda sokuhlinzwa.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezine ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Uma wenze lokhu kuhlinzwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nokususwa kwesimila se-NF2, ukuhlala kwakho esibhedlela kungase kube isikhathi eside.

Uma idivayisi isifakiwe, kuzothatha amasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha ukuthi isebenze. Ngemuva kwalokho, uzoba nama-aphoyintimenti amaningana nodokotela wakho wezindlebe. Isikhathi ngasinye, idivayisi izohlelwa ukuthi isebenze kahle kakhulu kuwe. Le nqubo izoqhubeka cishe unyaka wokuqala.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela wakho?

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uma uba nomkhuhlane noma ubuhlungu obukhulu, kufanele wazise udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ithimba lezokwelapha lizokuqapha eduze ukuze livimbele izinkinga. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuvakashela udokotela wakho wezindlebe ngezinsuku ezihleliwe ukuze ulungise izilungiselelo zedivayisi.

I-Auditory Brainstem Implant (ABI) ayilungele wonke umuntu. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu abangenazo ezinye izinketho futhi abayizithulu ngokuphelele, inikeza ithuba elibalulekile lokuxhumana kabusha nomhlaba womsindo. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola ukuthi lokhu kulungile yini kuwe noma kothile omaziyo ukukhuluma nochwepheshe.