Ingabe nawe uyabagwema abantu? Ingabe uyawesaba umphakathi? Ingabe lokho kubizwa ngokuthi (i-Avoidant Personality Disorder)?

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi ucabanga ukuthi, "O, akekho ozongithanda," "Uma ngisho okuthile, abantu bazohleka," noma "Ngizogxekwa"? Ingabe uvame ukugwema izindawo ezinabantu abaningi, imicimbi, noma imihlangano nabangani ngenxa yale micabango? Ngisho noma ufuna ngempela ukuba nabantu, ingabe uzizwa unesizungu ngenxa yalokhu kwesaba? Uma kunjalo, engizokusho kungase kubaluleke kuwe.

Kuyini Ukuphazamiseka Kobuntu Okugwemayo?

Kalula nje, i-Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD) yisimo sempilo yengqondo lapho uzizwa ungelutho khona njalo, njengokuthi "Angifaneleki," "Angikwazi ukwenza lutho," futhi wesaba kakhulu ukuthi abanye bazokugxeka noma bakwenqabe. Zicabange ukuthi ufuna ngempela ukuchitha isikhathi nabangani futhi uxoxe, kodwa ukwesaba kwakho ukwenqatshwa kukhulu kangangokuthi ugcina ubagwema ngokuphelele.

Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-AVPD, siwela eqenjini le-"Cluster C" personality disorder. Ukukhathazeka nokwesaba kuyizimpawu ezivamile kwezinye izimo kuleli qembu. I-personal disorder iwukuziphatha okuqhubekayo okukhula ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni futhi okungavumelani nokulindelekile emphakathini wethu. Lokhu kungabangela ukucindezeleka nokucindezeleka kumuntu nakubantu abaseduze naye.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) kanye nokukhathazeka komphakathi?

Yebo, nakuba lezi ezimbili zingase zibonakale zifana, ziyizimo ezimbili ezihlukene. Isifo Sokukhathazeka Komphakathi (i-SAD) , noma ukwesaba komphakathi, ukwesaba okweqile nokuqhubekayo kokuthi abanye bazokwahlulela futhi bakubheke. Lokhu kubangela abantu abanokukhathazeka komphakathi ukuba bagweme izimo zomphakathi.

Abantu abane-APD bagwema izimo zomphakathi kanye nobudlelwano. Kodwa isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuzethemba okuphansi . Nakuba ukukhathazeka kuyinto eyinhloko enkingeni yokukhathazeka komphakathi (SAD), ukukhathazeka akudingeki kube yinto eyinhloko ku-APD ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Abacwaningi babecabanga ukuthi i-AVPD iwuhlobo lwe-SAD olubi kakhulu. Kodwa manje sebethole ukuthi cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu abane-AVPD abahlangabezani nezindinganiso ze-SAD ku-DSM-5. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu abe nazo zombili lezi zimo ndawonye. Kuleso simo, izimpawu zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo? Ngubani onamathuba amaningi okusithola?

Ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi phakathi kuka-1.5% no-2.5% wabantu baseMelika bangase babe ne-avoidant personality disorder (AVPD). Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani elikhulu labantu eSri Lanka lingase libe nalesi simo.

I-AVPD ivame ukuqala ngemva kweminyaka engu-18, noma ekuqaleni kweminyaka yakho engamashumi amabili . Futhi, abantu abanezimo zempilo yengqondo ezilandelayo banamathuba amaningi okuthola i-AVPD:

• Ukucindezeleka okukhulu (`Ukucindezeleka Kwezokwelapha` noma 'isifo sokucindezeleka okukhulu`)
• Isifo sokucindezeleka esiqhubekayo
• Isifo sokukhathazeka komphakathi
• Isifo sokuzikhukhumeza ngokweqile (OCD)
• Isifo sokwesaba
• I-Anorexia nervosa
• Isifo sokudla ngokweqile

Yiziphi izimpawu zesifo sobuntu esingagwenywa (i-AVPD)?

Isici esiyinhloko ukuthi ukwesaba ukwenqatshwa abanye kukhulu kangangokuthi ugwema abantu bese ukhetha ukuba wedwa. Lokhu kuziphatha kungase kungabonakali kangako kwabanye abantu, kodwa kubonakale nakakhulu kwabanye.

Ezinye izimpawu kanye nokuziphatha zifaka:

• Unesimo sengqondo esibi kakhulu ngawe. Ucabanga ukuthi awulungile ngokwanele, uphansi kwabanye. Cabanga, noma ngabe ungenza into enhle, ucabanga ukuthi, "O, lokho kusanda kwenzeka."
• Ngikhathazeka kakhulu ngokugxekwa nokungathandwa ngabanye abantu. Ngisho noma umuntu esho into encane, ngiyayithatha enhliziyweni futhi ngizizwe ngidabukile.
• Uma ungazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi abanye abantu bazokuthanda, awufuni ukuxhumana nabo. Kuhlale kukhona ukwesaba kokuthi "Ingabe bazongithatha ngokungathi sína uma ngikhuluma?"
• Ubhekana nokukhathazeka okukhulu nokwesaba ezimweni zomphakathi kanye nobudlelwano. Lokhu kungaholela ekugwemeni imisebenzi nemisebenzi ehilela ukuhlangana nabanye abantu. Isibonelo, ungase ugweme ukuya ephathini ehhovisi, ucabanga ukuthi, "O, uma ngihamba, akekho ozongikhuluma."
• Nginamahloni kakhulu ezindaweni zomphakathi futhi ngiyazesaba ngoba ngesaba ukwenza iphutha noma ukuhlazeka. Ngihlala ngicabanga izinto ezinjengokuthi, "Ingabe indlela engigqoka ngayo ilungile?", "Ingabe indlela engikhuluma ngayo ayilungile?"
• Ucabanga kakhulu ngezinkinga ezingaba khona, noma uqonde kabi ukusabela kwabanye abantu (ngendlela engemihle). Ngisho noma umuntu ekubheka nje, uzizwa sengathi, "O, angazi ukuthi bacabangani ngami."
• Abavamile ukuzama izinto ezintsha. Abathandi ukuthatha izingozi. Bayayeka izinto eziningi ngoba besaba ukuthi "Ngingase ngingakwazi ukwenza lokhu noma ngingazama."

Kungani lesi simo senzeka? Izimbangela (i-AVPD)

Izinkinga zobuntu, okuhlanganisa ne-APD, yizimo zengqondo ezingakaqondakali ngokugcwele. Abacwaningi basazama ukuthola imbangela eqondile. Kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi i-APD ibangelwa yinhlanganisela yezici:

• Izakhi zofuzo: Ucwaningo olulodwa luthole ukuthi cishe u-64% wokukhula kwe-AVPD kungenxa yezici zofuzo, okusho ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zethu zidlala indima. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile emndenini wakho enalesi simo, nawe unethuba elikhulu lokuba naso.
• Isimo Sengqondo Sobuntwana: Abacwaningi bathole ukuxhumana phakathi kwesimo sengqondo esithile sobuntwana kanye ne-APD. Isibonelo, inkani, ukucindezeleka, ukuzonda izinto ezintsha, ukugwema ingozi ngokweqile, kanye nokwesaba nokucindezeleka ngokweqile.
• Isitayela sokunamathela: Abantu abanesitayela sokunamathela esesabekayo banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa i-AVPD. Yilapho ufuna ukusondelana nabanye, kodwa ungabethembi futhi wesaba ukwenqatshwa. Isibonelo, ingane ingase ithuthukise lesi sitayela sokunamathela uma abazali bayo bengakunaki ukudabuka kwayo lapho isencane.
• Indawo yobuntwana: Izinto ezinjengokwenqatshwa nokuphathwa ngendlela ehlukile kwabanye ngesikhathi sobuntwana zingaba negalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwe-AVPD.

Lesi simo (i-AVPD) sitholakala kanjani?

Ubuntu bethu buyaqhubeka nokwakheka phakathi nobuntwana kanye nokuthomba. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, odokotela ngokuvamile abamxilongi umuntu ongaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 one-avoidant personality disorder (AVPD). Odokotela badinga ubufakazi bokuthi lezi zindlela zokuziphatha zihlala njalo, azishintshi, futhi azipheli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinkinga zobuntu, okuhlanganisa ne-APD, kunzima ukuzixilonga ngoba abantu abaningi abanalezi zimo abaqapheli ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngokuziphatha kwabo noma indlela abacabanga ngayo.

Uma befuna usizo, kuvame ukufuna ukwelashwa kokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka okubangelwa yizinkinga ezifana nesizungu kanye nokuntuleka kwabangane okubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kobuntu babo.

Uma umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo , okungukuthi udokotela wezifo zengqondo noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, esola ukuthi othile une-APD, uvame ukubuza imibuzo evamile nebanzi. Bayaqaphela ukuthi bangadali indawo lapho umuntu ezizwa egxekwa noma enamahloni. Imibuzo abayibuzayo izama ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nalokhu:

• Ulwazi oludlule
• Oxhumana nabo
• Imininingwane yemisebenzi yangaphambilini
• Ukuhlola amaqiniso (okungukuthi, ikhono lokuhlukanisa phakathi kwalokho okwenzekayo ngempela nalokho okucatshangwayo)

Umuntu osolwa ngokuba ne-APD angase angaqondi ukuziphatha kwakhe kanye nezindlela zakhe zokucabanga. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo bavame ukukhuluma nomndeni nabangane bomuntu ukuze bathole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Odokotela baxilonga i-AVPD ngokusekelwe ezindinganisweni eziku-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi une-APD, okungenani ezine zalezi zindlela zokuziphatha ezilandelayo kumele zibe khona ngendlela eqhubekayo :

• Ukugwema imisebenzi yomsebenzi ehilela ukusebenza nabanye ngenxa yokwesaba ukugxekwa noma ukwenqatshwa.
• Ukungathandi ukuxhumana nabanye ngaphandle kokuthi uqinisekile ukuthi bazokuthanda.
• Ukuhlala uthule futhi uzimele, ngisho nasebudlelwaneni obuseduze, ngenxa yokwesaba ukuhlekwa usulu nokuhlazeka.
• Ukukhathazeka ngokweqile ngokugxekwa noma ukwenqatshwa abanye ezimweni ezivamile zomphakathi.
• Ukuzizwa unamahloni futhi uqaphile ngawe ezimweni ezintsha zokuxhumana nabantu ngoba uzizwa ungafaneleki.
• Ukuzibona njengomuntu ongafanele ukuxhumana nabantu, ongakhangi, nongaphansi kwabanye.
• Ukungathandi ukuthatha izingozi zomuntu siqu noma ukuzama imisebenzi emisha ngenxa yengozi yokuhlazeka.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha lokhu?

Ukuphazamiseka kobuntu kunzima ukwelapha ngoba abantu abanalezi zimo banezindlela zokucabanga nokuziphatha ezihlala isikhathi eside.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abane-AVPD bangasabela kahle ekwelashweni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bazizwa becindezelwe kakhulu yilesi simo, futhi abantu abaningi abane-AVPD banesifiso esinamandla sokwakha ubudlelwano. Lesi sifiso singaba yisici esibakhuthazayo ukuthi basebenze ohlelweni lwabo lokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kungafaka phakathi ukwelashwa kwengqondo kanye nemithi.

Uma welapha umuntu onalesi simo, ukwelashwa kuphumelela kakhulu uma ethola ukwesekwa nokungenelela emndenini wakhe.

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo (i-AVPD)

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo, noma ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma, kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha izinkinga zobuntu. Umgomo wokwelashwa ukukusiza ukuthi ubone izisusa zangaphakathi kanye nokwesaba okuhlobene nemicabango nokuziphatha kwakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungafunda ukuxhumana nabanye ngezindlela ezinhle kakhulu.

Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-psychotherapy ezingasiza abantu abane-APD yilezi:

• Ukwelashwa nge-Psychodynamic: Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa lugxila ezimpandeni zengqondo zokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo. Ngokuzicabangela, ubheka ubudlelwano obunezinkinga kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha empilweni yakho. Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi uziqonde kangcono. Kungakusiza ukuthi ushintshe indlela oxhumana ngayo nabanye kanye nendawo okuyo.
• Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT): Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ehlelekile, egxile emigomweni. Udokotela wengqondo noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kukusiza ukuthi ubheke imicabango nemizwa yakho. Uzoqonda ukuthi imicabango yakho ithinta kanjani izenzo zakho. Nge-CBT, unganqoba imicabango nemikhuba emibi. Uzofunda ukuthuthukisa amaphethini nemikhuba yokucabanga enempilo. Lokhu kungagxila kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okuxhumana nabantu.

Imithi ye-(AVPD)

Okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zobuntu. Kodwa-ke, kunemithi etholakalayo yezimo ezinjengokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka okungenzeka kubantu abane-APD. Ukwelapha lezi zimo kungenza kube lula ukwelapha i-APD.

Nokho, ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu, kufanele uphuze imithi kanye nokwelashwa kwengqondo.

Iyini i-prognosis kubantu abane-AVPD?

Umbono walesi simo (i-AVPD) uncike ekutheni selashwe noma cha.

Uma ingelashwa, i-AVPD ingabangela okulandelayo:

• Ukuba khona kwezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo njengokucindezeleka, izinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, kanye nezinkinga zokudla.
• Ingozi eyengeziwe yokucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha.
• Ukudumazeka ngempilo.
• Ubunzima emsebenzini.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle komphakathi.

Abantu abane-APD banezinga eliphezulu lemibono yokuzibulala kanye nemizamo yokuzibulala. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ecabanga ngokuzibulala, sicela ufune usizo olusheshayo kuchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo, umuntu omdala omethembayo, noma ushayele ucingo losizo.

Ukwelapha isifo sobuntu esingagwenywa (i-AVPD) kuyinqubo ende. Ukuzimisela kwakho ukufuna nokuqhubeka nokwelashwa kungaba nomthelela omkhulu endleleni obheka ngayo izinto. Ngokwelashwa, abanye abantu abane-AVPD bangafunda ukuxhumana nabanye ngezindlela ezinempilo.

Ingabe i-AVPD ingavinjelwa?

Isifo sobuntu esingagwenywa (i-AVPD) asinakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni izinkinga ezisibangelayo. Ukufuna usizo ngokushesha nje lapho izimpawu zivela kunganciphisa ukuphazamiseka empilweni yomuntu, emndenini nasebudlelwaneni bakhe.

Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Khumbula, ukuphazamiseka kobuntu okugwema (i-AVPD) kuyisimo sempilo yengqondo. Njengazo zonke izimo zempilo yengqondo, ukufuna usizo ngokushesha nje lapho izimpawu zivela kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuphazamiseka empilweni yakho. Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo bangakunikeza izinhlelo zokwelapha ukukusiza ukuphatha imicabango yakho nokuziphatha kwakho.

Izihlobo zabantu abane-APD zivame ukubhekana nokucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka, kanye nesizungu. Kubalulekile ukunakekela impilo yakho yengqondo nokufuna usizo uma ubhekene nalezi zimpawu.

Awuwedwa. Uma uqonda lesi simo futhi ufuna usizo olufanele, nawe ungathola impumuzo futhi uphile impilo engcono. Cela usizo ngaphandle kokwesaba nangokuzethemba.

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