Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi ucabanga ukuthi, "O, ingane yami ayikwazi ukuhlala ithule umzuzu"? Igijima izungeze, igxume, ayilaleli lokho okushoyo, futhi ayiqedi lokho ekuqalayo. Uma ubona lolu hlobo lokuziphatha enganeni encane, abazali abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyizenzo ezimbi ezivamile. Yiqiniso, akuwona wonke amacebo amabi ayisifo. Kodwa-ke, uma le ndlela yokuziphatha iqhubeka futhi ithinta imfundo yengane, ubudlelwano nabangane, kanye nempilo yasekhaya, kufanele sikhathazeke kancane. Ngoba lokhu kungaba izimpawu zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) .
Iyini ngempela i-ADHD?
Kalula nje, i-ADHD yisimo sokukhula kwezinzwa esithinta ukukhula nokusebenza kobuchopho bengane. Akuyona ubuvila bengane noma iphutha labazali bayo. Izingane ezinalesi simo zinobunzima bokulawula ukunaka kwazo, ukuhlala zigxile, nokwenza izinto ngokuphamazela.
Izimpawu ze-ADHD ezinganeni zivame ukubonakala ngesikhathi ziqala isikole, cishe zineminyaka engu-6-7. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izingane, lezi zimpawu zingabonakala ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi, zisencane njengeminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezimpawu ze -ADHD . Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nezimpawu ezivela kwesinye salezi zigaba, kanti ezinye zingase zibe nezimpawu ezivela eziningana zalezi zigaba ndawonye. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Isigaba sezici | Izinto ongazibona ekuziphatheni kwengane yakho |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukunganaki |
|
| 2. Ukusebenza ngokweqile |
|
| 3. Ukungacabangi |
|
Into ebalulekile ukuthi akuzona zonke lezi zici ezikhona kuyo yonke ingane. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nesifo sokungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo kuphela (esasibizwa ngokuthi i-ADD), ezinye zingase zibe nokusebenza ngokweqile kanye nokungalawuleki kuphela. Kodwa iningi lazo linenhlanganisela yalezi zici (Uhlobo Oluhlanganisiwe).
Ingabe ubuchopho bomntwana one-ADHD buhlukile?
Yebo. Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuyiqonda. Cabanga ngobuchopho bethu njengephoyisa elilawula ithrafikhi edolobheni elimatasa. Ebuchosheni obuvamile (obubizwa ngokuthi yi -Neurotypical ngokwezokwelapha), leli phoyisa lithumela izimpawu, lilawula izimoto (okungukuthi, imicabango nezenzo zethu), futhi lenze konke kuhambe kahle futhi ngesikhathi.
Kodwa engqondweni yengane ene-ADHD, leli "phoyisa lomgwaqo" alihlaliseki. Ngezinye izikhathi ukunaka kwayo kuyaphazamiseka, ezinye izimpawu azisebenzi kahle, ezinye izimoto ziya phambili ngaphandle kokuma uma zitshelwa ukuthi zime. Yingakho laba bantwana benenkinga yokuhlala begxile, belawula imizwa yabo, behlela, futhi behlela.
Kufanele simbone nini udokotela?
Ungesabi ukuthi ingane yakho inesinye noma ezimbili zezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla. Kujwayelekile ukuthi izingane zibe nobudlova futhi zingakwazi ukunaka isikhathi eside lapho zisencane.
Kodwa-ke, uma ubona lezi zinto, khuluma nodokotela nakanjani:
- Uma lezi zenzo ziqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha .
- Uma lezi zenzo zibonakala ezindaweni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu (isib. ekhaya nasesikoleni).
- Uma lokhu kusobala ukuthi kuphazamisa umsebenzi wesikole wengane, ubudlelwano nabangani, kanye nempilo yomndeni .
Udokotela wakho womndeni (GP) angahlola ingane yakho ukuze abone ukuthi zikhona yini ezinye izimbangela zalezi zimpawu (isib. izinkinga zokuzwa noma zokubona, ezinye izinkinga zokufunda). Uma kudingeka, uzokudlulisela kuchwepheshe, njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo wezingane noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo .
Ingabe uthisha angakwazi ukuthola i-ADHD?
Ngokuvamile, owokuqala ukubona izimpawu ze-ADHD enganeni nguthisha wesikole. Ngoba ingane ichitha ingxenye enkulu yosuku ekilasini. Uma kukhona umehluko ekuziphatheni kwale ngane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izingane ezingontanga efanayo, uthisha uzowubona kalula. Uthisha angakutshela ngakho.
Kodwa khumbula, uthisha akanakukwazi ukuxilonga i-ADHD. Udokotela oqeqeshiwe kuphela ongenza lokho. Kodwa-ke, okubonwe nguthisha kanye nemibiko kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa.
Ukwelashwa nokuthi ungamsiza kanjani umntwana?
I-ADHD ayisona isifo esingelapheki ngokuphelele, kodwa iyisimo esilawuleka kalula. Ngokwelashwa nokuphathwa okufanele, ingane ingaphila impilo ejabulisayo nephumelelayo.
Izindlela zokwelapha ngokuvamile zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili:
1. Ukwelapha Ngokuziphatha: Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo noma umeluleki ufundisa abazali nezingane indlela yokuphatha lezi zenzo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto ezifana nendlela yokuhlela imisebenzi, indlela yokulawula imizwa, kanye nendlela yokwakha ubudlelwano bomphakathi.
2. Imithi: Uma kudingeka, uchwepheshe angakunikeza imithi elinganisela amakhemikhali asebuchosheni (ama-neurotransmitters). Lokhu kungaba usizo olukhulu ekulawuleni ukunaka nokusebenza kwengane. Ungesabi ngokungadingekile le mithi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngakho.
Lokho ongakwenza njengomzali
- Sebenzisana nesikole:Hlala uxhumene nothisha. Khuluma ngentuthuko yengane yakho. Sebenzisa imithetho efanayo yokufundisa kanye nohlelo lomvuzo ekhaya nasesikoleni. Isibonelo, uthisha angadweba inkanyezi encwadini uma ingane yenza umsebenzi omuhle. Ekhaya, ungamnika ingane isipho esincane salelo nani lezinkanyezi.
- Dala isimiso esiqhubekayo: Dala isimiso esiqhubekayo sezinto ezifana nesikhathi sokudla, isikhathi sokudlala, isikhathi sokulala, kanye nesikhathi somsebenzi wesikole. Kuyimpumuzo enkulu enganeni.
- Nikeza imiyalelo kalula: Unganikezi imiyalelo eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa, yinike eyodwa ngesikhathi, kalula nangokucacile.
- Khuthaza ingane yakho: Esikhundleni sokugxila emaphutheni engane yakho, ncoma ngisho nezinto ezincane ezenzayo kahle. Lokhu kwakha ukuzethemba kwengane.
- Qaphela: Funda nge-ADHD, funda ngayo. Yazi ukuthi awuwedwa kulolu hambo. Uma kudingeka, khuluma nabanye abazali abanezingane ezinjengalezi.
Ukukhulisa ingane ene-ADHD kungaba yinselele, kodwa ngokubekezela, uthando, kanye nolwazi olufanele, ungayinqoba nakanjani le nselele.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ADHD akuyona iphutha lengane noma labazali. Yisimo sempilo sangempela.
- Akuzona zonke izenzo ezimbi ezibangelwa yi-ADHD, kodwa uma iqhubeka nokuphazamisa impilo yengane yansuku zonke, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.
- Kufanele kuxoxwe nodokotela wezingane noma wezifo zengqondo zezingane ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa okufanele.
- Ngokwelashwa okufanele (ngokuziphatha nangemithi) kanye nokuphathwa, i-ADHD ingalawulwa ngempumelelo futhi ingane ingasekelwa ngokugcwele ukuze iphile impilo evamile nejabulisayo.
- Phakathi nalolu hambo, kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwengane ukuthi abazali, odokotela, kanye nothisha besikole basebenzisane njengeqembu.
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