Ingabe isibhedlela singangenwa yisifo? (Izifo Ezihlobene Nezempilo) Ake sithole kahle ngalokhu!

Sonke siya esibhedlela noma emtholampilo ukuze sithole ukwelashwa kwesifo esithile. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphandle kokucabanga, siya kothola ukwelashwa kwesifo esisodwa bese kuthi esinye isifo esisha singene emizimbeni yethu. Empeleni lo mbuzo unengqondo futhi ukwesaba okuncane kubantu abaningi. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngalezi zifo ezidluliselwa ezibhedlela, odokotela abazibiza ngokuthi `(Healthcare-Associated Infections - HAIs)` noma `(Nosocomial Infections)`, futhi lezi zimayelana nalezi.

Ziyini lezi "zifo ezihambisana nokunakekelwa kwempilo"?

Kalula nje, lokhu kwenzeka lapho uya esibhedlela, emtholampilo, noma ohlinzweni ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kokunye, bese uthola izifo ezintsha ngenkathi ulapho. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba lula, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yizimo eziyingozi nezisongela ukuphila . Lokhu kutheleleka kungenzeka hhayi ezibhedlela kuphela, kodwa nasezindaweni ezifana nezikhungo zokuhlinzwa, imitholampilo yokuhlanza igazi, kanye nezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside.

Odokotela bazobiza lokhu ngokunembile ngokuthi i-HAI kuphela ezimweni ezinjengalezi:

• Uma ukutheleleka kuvela ngemva kwamahora angu-48 okungeniswa esibhedlela.
• Uma ukutheleleka kuvela zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu kusukela uphumile esibhedlela noma egumbini lokuhlinza bese uya ekhaya .
• Uma ukutheleleka kwenzeka zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-30 kusukela ekuhlinzweni .

Nakuba noma ubani engathola lezi zinhlobo zokutheleleka, labo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka basengozini enkulu. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu yezinhlobo zamagciwane (amagciwane) asizungezile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Amabhaktheriya
• Amagciwane
• Isikhunta `(Ama-fungus)`

Khumbula, iningi lala ma-HAI lingavinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, izigidi zeziguli kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo emhlabeni wonke batheleleka ngawo minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abasebenzi basesibhedlela kanye nemindeni yeziguli basebenzisane ukubhekana nale nkinga.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezifo ezingadluliselwa ezibhedlela ngale ndlela?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo ezihambisana nesibhedlela ezifana nalezi. Izimbangela zazo nazo ziyahlukahluka. Ake sibheke eziyinhloko.

Ukutheleleka kwe-C. diff (Clostridioides difficile)

Lesi ngesinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala esibhedlela. Sibangela ubuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo, kanye nokuvuvukala kwamathumbu amakhulu (i-colitis). Abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuphinde baphinde babe naso phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngemva kokuba benaso.

Ukutheleleka kwe-urinary okuhlobene ne-catheter (CAUTI)

Cishe ama-32% azo zonke izifo ezibhedlela alolu hlobo. Ungase ukhumbule ukuthi abanye abantu bafakwe ipayipi elisuka kwesinyeni sabo ukuze libasize bakhiphe umchamo kalula, elibizwa ngokuthi i-catheter.Lokhu kutheleleka komgudu womchamo kungenzeka kakhulu uma ukubambe isikhathi eside.

Ukutheleleka kwegazi okuhlobene nomugqa ophakathi (i-CLABSI)

Ukutheleleka okubangelwa igazi kubalwa cishe u-14% wezifo ezitholakala esibhedlela. Lokhu kwenzeka kubantu abanomugqa ophakathi (i-central venous catheter). Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ipayipi emthanjeni omkhulu eduze kwenhliziyo, ukunikeza imithi ngayo, nokuthatha igazi ngaphandle kwezinti zezinaliti ezivamile.

Ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA (i-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

Lokhu futhi kuyi-HAI evame kakhulu. Kuyi-`(Staph infection)`, okusho ukuthi kuyisifo esibangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Staphylococcus. Kodwa okukhethekile kwalokhu ukuthi imelana nama -antibiotic athile anamandla njenge-penicillin, i-amoxicillin, ne-methicillin, okusho ukuthi kunzima ukwelapha ngaleyo mithi.

Ukutheleleka Kwendawo Yokuhlinzwa (SSI)

Cishe ama-22% azo zonke izifo zasesibhedlela yizifo ezihlobene nokuhlinzwa. Lezi zifo zingathinta hhayi kuphela amanxeba okusikwa, kodwa nezicubu nezitho zomzimba ngaphakathi komzimba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho namadivayisi (ama-implant) afana nama-pacemaker noma amalunga okwenziwa afakwe emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Cabanga nje, edolobhaneni eliseduze nathi, umalume kaSumane wabuya ekhaya ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ngenxa ye-appendicitis, futhi ngemva kokubuya ekhaya, inxeba lavuvukala futhi kwadingeka abuyele esibhedlela. Yilokho okukhona.

I-Pneumonia Ehlobene Ne-Ventilator (VAP)

Lokhu futhi kubanga cishe u-15% wezifo ezibhedlela. Lesi simo senzeka kubantu abathola umoya womoya ngomshini . Lolu hlobo lwe-pneumonia lwenzeka lapho amagciwane engena emaphashini ngepayipi lokuphefumula lomshini wokuphefumula, osetshenziselwa ukusiza abantu ukuba baphefumulele bona.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezibangelwa lolu hlobo lokutheleleka?

Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka okutholakale esibhedlela, izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngohlobo lokutheleleka. Kodwa-ke, nazi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile:

• Ukuba nomkhuhlane .
• Amakhaza umuzwa wokubanda nokuthuthumela .
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula , umuzwa wokuqina esifubeni (ukuphelelwa umoya).
• Ukukhwehlela .
• Isisu esibuhlungu .
• Ukuzizwa sengathi isifuba sakho sishaya ngokushesha (ukushaya kwenhliziyo).
• Uhudo (ukuhamba kabi kwamathumbu).
• Ukuchama kaningi kunokujwayelekile (i-polyuria).
• Ukushisa kanye nobuhlungu lapho uchama (i-dysuria).
• Izinguquko esimweni sengqondo - ukucasuka, ukucasuka, umuzwa wokulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Kungani lezi zinhlobo zokutheleleka zenzeka ezibhedlela? Ziyini izimbangela?

Lezi zifo ezihlobene nesibhedlela zingabangelwa amagciwane ahlukahlukene (amagciwane). Ezinye zezibonelo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Amabhaktheriya angenayo i-gram: Lawa angabangela izinto ezifana nokushefa egazini, i-pneumonia, kanye ne-meningitis.
• I-Clostridium difficile (C. diff): Leli yigciwane elingabangela ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu kanye nesifo sohudo esibi esisakazeka kalula kwabanye.
• I-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) engamelana ne-Methicillin: Lokhu ukutheleleka ngamagciwane esike sakhuluma ngakho ngaphambili, futhi amanye ama-antibiotic awasebenzi.
• I-Hepatitis: Leli yiqembu lezifo ezithathelwana kalula ezithinta isibindi.

Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi lezi zifo zisakazeka kanjani. Zingasakazeka ngamaconsi okuphefumula lapho othile ethimula noma ekhwehlela . Zingasakazeka futhi uma abasebenzi bezempilo bengathathi izinyathelo ezifanele zokulawula ukutheleleka (isibonelo, uma imishini ingahlanzwanga kahle) .

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?

Izinto ezandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola isifo zibizwa ngokuthi izinto eziyingozi. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube nokutheleleka okutholakale esibhedlela uma ukwelashwa kwakho kuhlanganisa:

• Uma une-catheter endaweni yayo.
• Uma uthola usizo lokuphefumula ngomshini wokuphefumula.
• Uma kufanele ujove njalo.
• Uma uhlinzwa.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yalokhu kutheleleka?

Izinkinga ezingavela ngenxa yalezi zifo zincike ohlotsheni lokutheleleka kanye nobunzima balo. Ake sibheke izinkinga ezingavela ezinhlotsheni eziningana ezinkulu ze-HAI:

• Ukutheleleka Ngegazi Okuhlobene Nomugqa Ophakathi (i-CLABSI):
• Ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo (i-endocarditis)
• Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi kanye nemithambo yegazi (i-Thrombophlebitis)
• Ukutheleleka Kwamathambo (i-Osteomyelitis)
• Ithumba
• I-Sepsis (ukutheleleka okukhulu okusakazeka emzimbeni wonke, okubizwa nangokuthi ubuthi egazini)

• Ukutheleleka kwendawo yokuhlinzwa (SSI):
• Inxeba lithatha isikhathi ukuphola.
• Kuzodingeka ukuthi kwenziwe olunye ukuhlinzwa.
• Ukwehluleka komzimba ukwamukela amadivayisi ezokwelapha afakwe.
• Ukutheleleka kwezicubu zomzimba.
• I-Sepsis.

• Ukutheleleka kwe-urinary okuhlobene ne-catheter (CAUTI):
• Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo.
• I-Sepsis.

• I-pneumonia ehlobene nokuphefumula `(VAP)`:
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula.
• Ukuqongelela kobomvu olwelwesini lwamaphaphu (i-Empyema).
• I-Sepsis.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu kutheleleka?

Esikhathini esiningi, odokotela bangabona ukuthi umuntu une-HAI uma enezimpawu esixoxe ngazo ekuqaleni. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zokuqala ziba ukubomvu kwesikhumba, ukuqubuka, noma ukuphuma kwegazi esilondeni sokuhlinzwa . Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa noma ukuqeda esinye isimo, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa komchamo noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi .

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Ukwelashwa kwe-HAI kuncike ohlotsheni lokutheleleka. Odokotela bangasebenzisa imithi efana nalokhu:

• Ama-antibiotic ( okwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane)
• Ama-antiviral ( okutheleleka ngegciwane)
• Ama-antifungal ( okwelapha izifo ze-fungal)

Kodwa kukhona enye inkinga. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwelashwa kungaba okungekuhle ngenxa yezimo ezifana nokumelana nama-antibiotic , ukumelana nama-antiviral, kanye nokumelana nama-antifungal. Lokhu "kumelana" kusho ukuthi amagciwane ashintshile (avele) ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi awasasebenzi emithini eyenzelwe ukuwabulala. Leso esinye sezizathu ezenza kube nzima kakhulu ukwelapha la ma-HAI ngezinye izikhathi.

Ngakho-ke, nakuba kungenzeki njalo, ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwalezi zifo ezihlobene nesibhedlela ukuzivimbela ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke.

Yini esingayenza ukuvimbela lezi zifo ezihlobene nesibhedlela?

Akuzona zonke izifo ezitholwa esibhedlela ezingavinjelwa, kodwa uma wena nomndeni wakho nilandela lezi zinyathelo ndawonye, ​​​​ninganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthola ukutheleleka.

• Gcina izandla zakho zihlanzekile. Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane nokuzivikela ezifweni ukugeza izandla zakho njalo. Geza izandla zakho ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20.
• Buza odokotela nabahlengikazi abakwelaphayo ukuthi benzani ukulawula ukutheleleka. Uma unenkinga noma ukwesaba, ungesabi ukukhuluma ngakho.
• Uma une-catheter, buza udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi ukuthi isadingeka yini. Ngezinye izikhathi ingase ishiywe ngisho noma ingasadingeki.
• Uma uthatha ama-antibiotic , wathathe njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele, ngenani eliqondile kanye nesikhathi esiqondile. Ungayeki ukuwathatha kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekuyala, noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono.
• Ngaphambi kokukunikeza ama-antibiotic , cela udokotela wakho ukuthi akwenzele izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zilungele ukutheleleka kwakho.
• Buza ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo abazithathayo ukuvimbela izifo ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa.Futhi, buza ukuthi yini ongayenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yokutheleleka njengoba ulungiselela ukuhlinzwa.
• Funda ukuqaphela izimpawu zokutheleleka kwesikhumba. Uma kukhona ukubomvu, ukuphuma kwamanzi, noma ubuhlungu eduze kwesilonda sokuhlinzwa noma indawo yokukhipha i-catheter, kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka.
• Thola umjovo wakho womkhuhlane kanye neminye imijovo enconyiwe ngesikhathi. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvikeleni kwezinye izifo.

Liyini ikusasa lomuntu oye wangenwa yileli gciwane?

Ezimweni eziningi, uma i-HAI efana nale itholakala kusenesikhathi futhi yelashwa kahle, abantu bangalulama ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanjalo kungadingeka bahlale esibhedlela isikhathi eside futhi bangase babhekane nezingqinamba ezengeziwe ohambweni lwabo lokululama.

Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kutheleleka okutholakala esibhedlela kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo ngisho nokufa. Isibonelo, ngokusho kwe-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), abantu ababalelwa ku-99,000 bayafa minyaka yonke ezibhedlela zaseMelika zodwa ngenxa yalokhu kutheleleka okutholakala esibhedlela. Lena inkinga yomhlaba wonke.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uthola noma yiziphi izimpawu ezisolisayo, noma uma unomuzwa wokuthi izimpawu zakho ziya ziba zimbi kakhulu, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho nakanjani. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma okwamanje usesibhedlela noma usanda kuhlinzwa. Uma unomuzwa wokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha bese uthola ukwelashwa okudingekayo.

Uma sonke sigula, siya ezibhedlela nasemakliniki ukuze silulame. Kodwa uma siya lapho bese sithola esinye isifo, kubangela ukukhathazeka, ukungaqiniseki, futhi mhlawumbe nokwesaba okuncane.

Ukutheleleka kwe-nosocomial kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa khumbula, eziningi zalezi zifo zingagwenywa. Sonke sinomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza indawo yesibhedlela ibe yindawo ephephile. Uma ubona into ocabanga ukuthi ingaba ukutheleleka kuwe noma komunye umuntu, ungesabi ukutshela ithimba lakho lezempilo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi manje usuqonda kahle ukuthi ziyini izifo ezitholwa esibhedlela, ukuthi zenzeka kanjani, nokuthi ungazivimbela kanjani. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu futhi unakekele ukuphepha kwakho. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo elaliswe esibhedlela, qaphela lezi zinto. Buza imibuzo, susa ukungabaza kwakho. Khona-ke singazigwema lezi zifo ezingafuneki ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukutheleleka okuhlobene nesibhedlela , Ukutheleleka Okuhlobene Nezempilo, Ukutheleleka Kwase-Nosocomial, Izifo Ezitholakala Esibhedlela, Ukulawulwa Kokutheleleka, Amagciwane, Ukuphepha Kwesibhedlela