Ubizwa ngokuthini udokotela owenza ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo? (Udokotela Wenhliziyo) Ake sifunde ngalokhu!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ubani okufanele simbheke uma sidinga ukuhlinzwa kwenkinga yenhliziyo? Noma ubani udokotela owenza ukuhlinzwa ukuze asindise inhliziyo esimweni esiphuthumayo, futhi wenzani ngempela? Omunye umuntu obaluleke kakhulu uchwepheshe wenhliziyo. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ungubani lo dokotela wenhliziyo nokuthi wenzani.

Kuyini Ukuhlinzwa Kwenhliziyo?

Kalula nje, noma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa enhliziyweni yakho noma emithanjeni yegazi emikhulu exhumene nayo kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungabandakanya nokuhlinzwa kwezicubu eziseduze nenhliziyo noma ezinye izinto. Cabanga ngakho, inhliziyo ifana nomshini omncane emzimbeni wethu, yeka ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuyigcina isebenza kahle! Ngakho-ke, ukuhlinzwa okunjalo kudingeka kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu nangobuchwepheshe.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zodokotela abahlinza inhliziyo?

Yebo, singahlukanisa odokotela abahlinza inhliziyo ngezinhlobo ezimbili. Nakuba kunokufana okuningi emsebenzini abawenzayo, bahlukaniswa ngale ndlela ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu.

Udokotela Ohlinzayo Wenhliziyo Nesifuba

Laba odokotela ngezinye izikhathi babizwa ngokuthi odokotela be-cardiothoracic noma odokotela be-thoracic abajwayelekile . Igama lesiGreki elithi 'Thoracic' lisho 'isifuba'. Ngakho-ke, njengoba igama lisho, laba odokotela benza ukuhlinzwa ezithweni eziningi ezisesifubeni. Isibonelo, benza ukuhlinzwa enhliziyweni nasemithanjeni yayo emikhulu yegazi, emaphashini, emhubheni , othwala ukudla kusuka emlonyeni wakho kuya esiswini sakho, kanye nase-trachea .

Kodwa-ke, abanye odokotela abahlinzayo besifuba bangase bagxile kuphela ezifweni ezihlobene nenhliziyo, isikhwama esizungeze inhliziyo (i-pericardium), kanye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu yenhliziyo. Abanye bangase bagxile kuphela ezifweni zesifuba ngaphandle kwenhliziyo kanye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu.

Udokotela Wenhliziyo Ozelwe Ngokuzalwa/Wezingane

Laba odokotela bangochwepheshe ekulungiseni izinkinga zesakhiwo noma amaphutha enhliziyweni akhona lapho kuzalwa. Isibonelo, ezinye izingane zizalwa zinezinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo noma izimbobo ezindongeni eziphakathi kwamakamelo enhliziyo (njenge -Ventricular Septal Defect noma i-Atrial Septal Defect) . Laba ngabantu abakhona ukulungisa izinto ezinjalo.

Abanye odokotela benza lokhu kuhlinza kubantu abadala – ngoba ngezinye izikhathi isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso sitholakala kuphela lapho umuntu ekhula. Kodwa-ke, abanye baqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukwenza lokhu kuhlinza ezinganeni ezincane, izinsana, kanye nezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Umsebenzi wabo ukhethekile kakhulu, futhi bambalwa kakhulu odokotela abahlinza inhliziyo bezingane uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abahlinza abantu abadala kuphela. Ngenxa yokuthi lo msebenzi ubucayi kangaka, udinga ukuqeqeshwa kanye nolwazi olukhethekile.

Kudingeka ulwazi olungakanani kanye nokuqeqeshwa okungakanani ukuze ube udokotela ohlinza inhliziyo?

Eqinisweni, imfundo nokuqeqeshwa okudingekayo ukuze ube udokotela ohlinza inhliziyo kukhulu kakhulu . Kuthatha okungenani iminyaka eyi-15. Ezinye izifundo zokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo zingathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Cabanga ngokuzinikela! Kufana nokugijima umjaho we-marathon, kodwa eminyakeni eminingi.

Wonke udokotela ohlinza inhliziyo kumele aqedele okulandelayo:

• Udinga ukuqeda iziqu ze-Bachelor eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukufunda iminyaka emine esikoleni sezokwelapha bese uthola iziqu zobudokotela (iziqu zobudokotela noma zobudokotela be-Osteopathic Medicine) .

Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukukhetha eyodwa yalezi ezimbili:

• Iminyaka emihlanu yokuhlala njengodokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile , bese kuba neminyaka emibili noma emithathu yokuhlala njengodokotela ohlinza inhliziyo.
• Noma, i-Integrated Cardiothoracic Surgery Residency (ICTSR) yeminyaka eyisithupha.

Ukuze ube nguDokotela Wenhliziyo Ozalwa Nayo, udinga futhi ukuqeda unyaka wokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile (i-Fellowship). Lokho kusho ukuthi ungacabanga ukuthi uchitha isikhathi esingakanani ufunda, uqeqesha, futhi uthola ulwazi. Konke lokhu kwenzelwa ukuba ube ngumuntu ongcono kakhulu onganakekela inhliziyo yakho.

Yiziphi izifo eziphathwa udokotela ohlinza inhliziyo?

Udokotela ohlinza inhliziyo angelapha noma yisiphi isifo, isimo, noma ukulimala okudinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe noma kulungiswe . Lokhu kungasukela ekulimaleni okuvela engozini - cabanga ngengozi yemoto, inxeba lokugwazwa, noma inxeba lokudutshulwa - kuya ekulungiseni umonakalo wenhliziyo obangelwa yisifo noma isimo sokuzalwa. Ezinye zezimo eziyinhloko ezidinga udokotela ohlinza inhliziyo yilezi:

• Izifo ze-valve yenhliziyo.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Heart Rhythm (i-Arrhythmias) .
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo.
• Ukusikwa kwe-Aortic .
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo njengemigobo ephakathi kwamakamelo enhliziyo - isibonelo , i-Ventricular Septal Defect kanye ne-Atrial Septal Defect .

Yikuphi ukuhlinzwa kanye nezinqubo ezenziwa odokotela abahlinza inhliziyo?

Odokotela abahlinza inhliziyo benza izinqubo eziningi zokuhlinzwa kanye nezokwelapha. Ezinye zezindlela ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

• Inqubo ye-Maze - Lokhu kwenziwa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okuthile kwesigqi senhliziyo.
• I-Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) - Lokhu sikubiza nangokuthi 'bypass'. Lokhu kuhilela ukudala izindlela ezintsha lapho imithambo ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni ivinjiwe.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso.
• Ukulungiswa nokuhlinzwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo.
• Ukufaka amadivayisi enhliziyweni - njengesiboneloIzinto ezifana (nama-Pacemaker) kanye (nama-ICD afakwa ku-ICD) . Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungenziwa udokotela ogxile emsebenzini kagesi wenhliziyo (i-Electrophysiology) .
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy .
• Ukufakelwa Inhliziyo - Lokhu kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yokuhlinzwa.

Odokotela abahlinzayo baqeqeshwa ngezindlela eziningana ezahlukene zokwenza uhlobo olufanayo lokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa Okungangeni Kakhulu: Lokhu kufana nokuhlinzwa okuvamile okuvulekile, kodwa kwenziwa ngokusika okuncane kakhulu nangezinto ezikhethekile. Ukusika okuncane kuholela ekuphulukisweni okusheshayo, ubuhlungu obuncane, ukopha okuncane, kanye nezingozi eziphansi ngokuvamile.
• Ukuhlinzwa okusiza irobhothi: Udokotela ohlinzayo oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile angenza ukuhlinzwa ngosizo lwerobhothi. Cabanga uhleli ephaneli yokulawula eduze kwetafula lokuhlinzwa, udokotela 'eqhuba' irobhothi. Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izinsimbi ezixhunywe ezingalweni zerobhothi. Ikhamera ekhethekile erobhothini ifakwa emzimbeni ngokusikwa okukodwa, okuvumela udokotela ukuthi abone ngaphakathi komzimba. Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala ngezinga ezintathu (3-D) , njengoba nje sibona umhlaba ngamehlo ethu. Akukhona lokho kuphela, irobhothi futhi lenza kube lula ngodokotela ukuthi aphathe izinsimbi ngaphakathi komzimba, futhi ububanzi bokunyakaza kwengalo bukhulu (ezinye izinsimbi zingajikeleza ama-degree angu-360, okungaphezu kakhulu kwengalo kadokotela). Lobu buchwepheshe buye benza kwaba nokwenzeka ukwenza ukuhlinzwa ngokunemba okukhulu.

Yimiphi imisebenzi kadokotela ohlinza inhliziyo ngaphandle kokwenza ukuhlinzwa?

Udokotela ohlinza inhliziyo akayena nje umuntu owenza ukuhlinzwa. Imisebenzi yakhe ihlanganisa (futhi ayigcini nje) okulandelayo:

• Ukugcina amarekhodi: Udinga ukugcina amarekhodi anemininingwane kanye namanothi mayelana nokuhlinzwa okwenziwe kanye nalokho okwenziwa ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kwabanye odokotela kanye nangesikhathi esizayo.
• Ukufundisa: Odokotela abaningi abahlinza inhliziyo basebenza ezibhedlela zokufundisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngenkathi bebona iziguli, bafundisa odokotela nabahlinzayo besikhathi esizayo ngokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo nokuthi kuzithinta kanjani iziguli.
• Ukuqeqeshwa: Laba odokotela basebenza nabanye odokotela, odokotela abahlinzayo, kanye nabasebenzi basegumbini lokuhlinza, njengabalingisi abaprakthiza umdlalo, ukuze bakwazi ukwenza ukuhlinzwa kwangempela kahle nangokuphepha.
• Imfundo Nokuqeqeshwa Okuqhubekayo: Bonke odokotela kudingeka baqhubeke nokufunda nokwenza izinto ezintsha. Njengoba isayensi yezokwelapha ithuthuka usuku nosuku, kudingeka bahlale benolwazi lwakamuva ngamasu amasha okuhlinzwa kanye nemithi emisha. Kuye ngemithetho yezwe labo noma yesifundazwe, bangase babe nezidingo ezithile okumele bazihlangabezane nazo. Uma bengahlangabezani nalezi zidingo, bangase balahlekelwe yilayisensi yabo yokusebenza kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.Lokhu kuhlanganisa imfundo eqinile yesitifiketi sebhodi kanye nezivivinyo. Ezinye izivivinyo zihlala amahora amaningi, ngisho nezinsuku.

Kungani kufanele ubonane nodokotela ohlinza inhliziyo? Yini ongayilindela?

Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo kuvame ukuba yindaba engathi sína kakhulu . Kuvame ukwenziwa uma kungekho ndlela engcono - okungukuthi, uma kungekho ndlela ephephile nephumelelayo yokukusiza.

Ezimweni eziningi, uzoba nesikhathi sokufunda ngokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo ozokwenziwa, ukuthi yini ongayilindela, nokuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani. Udokotela uzochaza konke kuwe.

Kodwa esimweni esiphuthumayo, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlinzwe inhliziyo ngokushesha. Esimweni esinjalo, udokotela ohlinzayo uzokhuluma nomndeni wakho, abathandekayo bakho, noma othile ongakukhulumela futhi enze izinqumo zezokwelapha. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzokwenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukukusiza uqonde ukuthi kwenzekani, ukuthi kungani udinga ukuhlinzwa, nokuthi yini ongayilindela.

Udinga i-referral ukuze ubone udokotela ohlinza inhliziyo?

Yebo, impela. Ukuze ubone udokotela ohlinza inhliziyo, udinga ukudluliselwa . Lokho kudluliselwa kuvame ukuvela kudokotela wenhliziyo noma komunye uchwepheshe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi omunye uchwepheshe noma udokotela ungowokuqala ukubona isimo noma inkinga edinga ukuhlinzwa. Esimweni esiphuthumayo, udokotela noma uchwepheshe osemsebenzini angaxoxa ngesimo sakho nodokotela ohlinza inhliziyo osemsebenzini, ancome izinketho, futhi aphakamise inkambo yokwelashwa engcono kakhulu kuwe.

Ukudinga ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo kungaba yinto eyesabekayo nekhungathekisayo . Ngenhlanhla, akudingeki udlule kukho wedwa. Ngemuva kwesiguli ngasinye esidinga ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo kunethimba labahlinzeki bezempilo kanye nochwepheshe, kusukela kochwepheshe kanye nabasebenzi abasekelayo kuya kubahlengikazi, ochwepheshe kanye nodokotela abahlinzayo. Ukuba ngudokotela ohlinzayo wenhliziyo kuyisibopho esikhulu , kuwumsebenzi odinga kakhulu, futhi abangcono kakhulu kuphela abangafika lapho. Lokho kusho ukuthi iqembu elikhulu lochwepheshe bezokwelapha abanamakhono, abaqeqeshwe, abafundile nabanothando abenza konke abangakwenza ukukusiza ukuthi ululame futhi ubuyele empilweni yakho.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule kule ndaba?

Udokotela ohlinza inhliziyo ungudokotela oqeqeshwe kakhulu owenza ukuhlinzwa enhliziyweni kanye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu ehlobene nayo.

• Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zazo, ezinye zihlinza cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye zesifuba (Cardiothoracic Surgeon) , kanti ezinye zigxile ezifweni zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo (Congenital/Pediatric Heart Surgeon) .
• Ukuba ngudokotela ohlinza inhliziyo kudinga isikhathi eside sokufunda nokuqeqeshwa, mhlawumbe iminyaka eyi-15-20.Yebo. Kudinga ukuzinikela okukhulu.
• Zelapha izimo eziningi, okuhlanganisa isifo se-valve yenhliziyo, i-arrhythmias , izimo zenhliziyo, kanye nokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho.
• Benza ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass (CABG) , ukufaka esikhundleni ama-valve, futhi manje benza nokuhlinzwa okungenangozi kakhulu nokusiza ngamarobhothi .
• Ngaphezu kokwenza ukuhlinzwa, imisebenzi yabo ihlanganisa ukugcina amarekhodi, ukufundisa abanye, nokuqhubeka nokufunda izinto ezintsha.
• Nakuba ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo kuyindaba engathi sína, khumbula ukuthi unethimba lodokotela abanekhono abazokusiza. Ngokuvamile uzothola i-referral yokubona udokotela wenhliziyo ovela kudokotela wenhliziyo .

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Uma uneminye imibuzo, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela! Ukunakekela inhliziyo yakho kubaluleke kakhulu.

Udokotela Ohlinza Inhliziyo, Ukuhlinzwa Kwenhliziyo, Isifo Senhliziyo, Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Bypass, Ukuhlinzwa Kwenhliziyo, Udokotela Ohlinza Inhliziyo, Ukuhlinzwa Kwenhliziyo, I-Congenital Heart Surgery, I-CABG, I-Pacemaker