Uma uzwa ubuhlungu besisu ngemva kokudla okuthile esitolo, ucabanga ukuthi, "O, angazi ukuthi nginamagciwane," akunjalo? Noma lapho udokotela ethi, "Lokhu ukutheleleka ngamagciwane," siyesaba kancane. Lapho sizwa igama elithi 'amagciwane', izinto ezimbi njengezifo namagciwane ziyafika engqondweni. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi indaba yangempela ihluke kakhulu? Kuleli zwe lamagciwane, kukhona abangane abahle abasisizayo, kanye nezitha eziyingozi ezisigulisayo. Namuhla, masiqonde konke ngala magciwane ngendlela elula kakhulu, yengxoxo.
Ayini ngempela amabhaktheriya?
Kalula nje, amabhaktheriya ayizinto eziphilayo ezincane ezakhiwe ngeseli elilodwa . Azibonakali ngeso lenyama, futhi zingabonakala kuphela nge-microscope. Sibiza igciwane elilodwa ngokuthi "ibhaktheriya".
Cabanga nje, kunezigidigidi zamabhaktheriya yonke indawo kulomhlaba. Enhlabathini, emanzini, emoyeni, emizimbeni yezilwane, ngisho nangaphakathi nasemzimbeni wakho. Yebo, amagciwane ahlala yonke indawo, esikhumbeni sakho, emlonyeni wakho, emakhaleni akho, emathunjini akho, emgudwini wakho womchamo. Ngokusho kososayensi, sinamangqamuzana amagciwane amaningi ngokuphindwe kayishumi kunamangqamuzana abantu emizimbeni yethu! Kuyamangalisa, akunjalo? Kodwa kuyiqiniso.
Ingabe wonke amabhaktheriya amabi? Ingabe akhona amabhaktheriya "amahle"?
Nansi into abantu abaningi abangazi. Iningi lamagciwane alisilimazi. Eqinisweni, amanye amagciwane abaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. Lawa magciwane awusizo ahlala emizimbeni yethu yilawo esiwabiza ngokuthi “amagciwane anobungane” noma “i-microbiome”. Kufana nebutho labasizi abancane ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu.
Laba bantu batholakala kakhulu esikhumbeni sethu kanye nasesimisweni sethu sokugaya ukudla (amathumbu).
- Kusiza ekugayeni ukudla: Okunye kokudla esikudlayo akugayeki yimizimba yethu. Lawa mabhaktheriya amahle ayaphula lokho kudla, akugaye, futhi asiza umzimba ukuthi umunce izakhamzimba kukho.
- Amavithamini ayakhiqizwa: Amanye amavithamini, isibonelo i-vitamin K kanye namanye amavithamini e-B, akhiqizwa yila magciwane asemathunjini ethu.
- Kuvikela amagciwane amabi: Uma nje sinala magciwane amahle emathunjini ethu, asivumeli amagciwane amabi, abangela izifo avela ngaphandle ukuba angene futhi ahlale kalula. Njengoba nje kunzima ngesela ukungena endlini yethu ngenkathi silapho.
Kunamabhaktheriya amaningi amahle ezintweni ezifana nobisi olungenamafutha kanye neyogathi esikudlayo. Siphinde siwabize ngokuthi "ama-Probiotics". Lawa asiza kakhulu empilweni yamathumbu ethu.
Amagciwane "amabi" asigulisa
Kanye namagciwane amahle, kunezinhlobo eziyingozi zamagciwane ezingasibangela ukugula. Sibiza lawa magciwane abangela izifo ngokuthi `ama-Pathogens'.
Uma la magciwane abangela izifo engena emizimbeni yethu, ayahlukana futhi asakazeke ngokushesha okukhulu. Njengoba esakazeka, akhiqiza ubuthi. Lawa ma-toxin abangela izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu, nokuhlanza. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukutheleleka ngamagciwane .
Cabanga ngokuphuza amanzi angakahlanzwa kahle, noma ukudla inyama engaphekiwe kahle, bese uphathwa yisisu kanye nesifo sohudo. Isikhathi esiningi, imbangela kuba amagciwane afana ne-`(Escherichia coli)`.
Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo zamagciwane amabi esivame ukuwabona kuthebula elingezansi.
| Uhlobo lwebhaktheriya | Isifo Esivamile Esibangelwa |
|---|---|
| I-Streptococcus | Ukutheleleka komphimbo (umphimbo obuhlungu), izifo zesikhumba |
| I-Staphylococcus | Amathumba esikhumba, ukutheleleka kwe-staph |
| I-Escherichia coli (E. coli) | Ubuthi bokudla, isifo sohudo, izifo zomgudu womchamo |
| I-Bordetella pertussis | Ukukhohlela okubi |
| I-Chlamydia trachomatis | I-Chlamydia yisifo esidluliselwa ngocansi. |
Ngezinye izikhathi la magciwane amabi angangena egazini lethu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi “i-Septicemia” noma “ubuthi egazini.” Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu. Uma la magciwane esakazeka emzimbeni wonke ngegazi, amasosha omzimba wethu ayashesha ngokweqile, okubangela isimo esibi nesisongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi “i-Sepsis.”
Odokotela bazibona kanjani lezi zinhlobo zamagciwane?
Uma unegciwane, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze umuthi wokwelapha amagciwane. Kodwa akuwona wonke amabhaktheriya aphathwa ngendlela efanayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi kahle ukuthi yimaphi amabhaktheriya abangela ukutheleleka kwakho. Ukuze benze lokhu, ososayensi nodokotela basebenzisa izindlela eziningana zokuhlukanisa amabhaktheriya.
1. Hlela ngesimo
Amabhaktheriya anezimo ezintathu eziyinhloko.
- I-Cocci: Iyisiyingi ngesimo, njengamabhola amancane.
- Ezimise okwenduku (i-Bacilli): Zinde, njengezinti ezincane.
- Ama-Spirochetes: Anesimo esijikelezayo, njengentambo.
2. Ngokwesidingo se-oxygen
- Ama-Aerobes: Lezi zinto eziphilayo zidinga umoya-mpilo ukuze ziphile.
- Ama-Anaerobes: Laba bantu abahlali ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona umoya-mpilo. Umoya-mpilo ufana nobuthi kubo.
- I-Facultative: Laba bantu bangaphila bene-oxygen noma bengenayo.
3. Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi i-Gram Staining
Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu olusetshenziswa ekuhlukaniseni amabhaktheriya. Luhilela ukwengeza amakhemikhali akhethekile (amadayi) kusampula yamabhaktheriya. Ngokusekelwe endleleni amabhaktheriya asabela ngayo kula madayi, angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu. Lawa angama-Gram-positive kanye nama-Gram-negative .
Lapha, 'okuhle' kanye 'nokubi' akusho 'okuhle' noma 'okubi'. Kumane kuwumphumela wokuhlolwa.
Ngenxa yokuthi isakhiwo sodonga lweseli lwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili sihlukile, zisabela ngendlela ehlukile kuma-pigment. Futhi, izinhlobo zama-antibiotic okufanele zinikezwe lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zihlukile.
| Isici | I-Gram-positive | I-Gram-negative |
|---|---|---|
| Umbala obonwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa | Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okunsomi | Obomvu noma opinki |
| Uhlobo lodonga lweseli | Isakhiwo esiqinile nesilula | Isakhiwo esincane, kodwa esiyinkimbinkimbi |
| Izibonelo | I-Staphylococcus, i-Streptococcus, i-Listeria | I-E. coli, i-Pseudomonas, i-Chlamydia |
Amabhaktheriya namaVirusi - Uyini umehluko?
Yilapho abantu abaningi bedideka khona. Amabhaktheriya namagciwane kuyizinto ezimbili ezihlukene. Nakuba kokubili kubangela ukugula, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukwelashwa kwalokhu okubili kuhluke ngokuphelele.
| Iphuzu | Amabhaktheriya | Amagciwane |
|---|---|---|
| Ingabe iyaphila? | Yebo, into ephilayo eneseli elilodwa. Ingazala ngokwayo. | Into ephakathi kokuphila nokungaphili. Ukuze ikhiqize kabusha, kumele ingene kwelinye iseli eliphilayo (iseli eliyi-host). |
| Usayizi | Kukhulu kunamagciwane. | Mncane kakhulu. Mncane kakhulu kunebhaktheriya. |
| Ukwelashwa | Ingabhujiswa ngama- antibiotic . | Ama-antibiotic awasebenzi!Kusetshenziswa imithi yokulwa namagciwane. |
Khumbula! Ukuthatha imithi elwa namagciwane ezifweni eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane njengomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kanye nomkhuhlane we-dengue akusizi ngalutho. Kuzolimaza umzimba kuphela futhi kubangele ukuthi amagciwane amelane namagciwane.
Ama-antibiotic kanye nokumelana okuyingozi
Uma sithola ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, amasosha omzimba wethu ayalwa nakho. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi sidinga usizo lwangaphandle ukuze sinqobe leyo mpi. Yilapho-ke ama-antibiotic angena khona. Le mithi isebenza ngokubhubhisa izindonga zamaseli amagciwane noma ukulimaza i-DNA yawo ukuze angakwazi ukuzala.
Kodwa-ke, kudingeka siqaphele kakhulu lapho sisebenzisa ama-antibiotic. Ngoba uma ama-antibiotic esetshenziswa ngokweqile noma ngokungalungile, amabhaktheriya aqala ukumelana naleyo mithi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukumelana nama-antibiotic".
Cabanga ukuthi uma siqhubeka nokusebenzisa umuthi ofanayo, amabhaktheriya kancane kancane 'ayawujwayela' lowo muthi. Kufana nesitha esizivumelanisa nezikhali zethu. Khona-ke, noma ngabe siwanika umuthi, amabhaktheriya ngeke afe. `(MRSA - methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)` iyisibonelo sohlobo oluyingozi lwamabhaktheriya amelana nemithi enjalo.
Iphutha elenziwa abantu abaningi ezweni lethu ukuya ekhemisi bese ucela umuthi wokulwa namagciwane ngokushesha nje lapho benomkhuhlane omncane noma umkhuhlane. Lokhu kuyinto eyingozi kakhulu ukuyenza. Uma unegciwane elithelelanayo, lowo muthi ngeke usize ngalutho. Futhi, uma usebenzisa lokhu ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela , amabhaktheriya angajwayela le mithi, futhi ngolunye usuku uma usunegciwane elithelelanayo elibi kakhulu, kungase kube nesimo lapho kungekho muthi wokusebenzisa.
Ngakho-ke,
- Thatha ama-antibiotic kuphela uma unikezwe udokotela .
- Thatha umuthi owunikezwe udokotela wakho isikhathi esiphelele . Ngisho noma izimpawu zakho zithuthuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, thatha umuthi izinsuku eziphelele. Uma ungakwenzi lokho, amabhaktheriya angakabulawa ngokuphelele angakhula emzimbeni wakho futhi amelane nomuthi.
Izindaba ezimangazayo ezengeziwe ngamabhaktheriya
- Amagciwane azalana kanjani? Amabhaktheriya amaningi azalana ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlukana kwebhayinari." Lokhu kusho ukuthi iseli elilodwa lebhaktheriya lihlukana kabili, lidale amaseli amabili amasha. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Yingakho ukutheleleka kusakazeka ngokushesha.
- Amagciwane adla ipulasitiki!Ngo-2016, iqembu lososayensi eJapane lathola uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elidla amabhodlela epulasitiki (`Ideonella sakaiensis`). Amabhaktheriya avame ukudla izinto eziphilayo. Kodwa leli bhaktheriya ligaya ikhemikhali ethi ``(PET)`` eyenza amabhodlela epulasitiki. Ososayensi banethemba lokuthi amabhaktheriya anjengalawa ngelinye ilanga azohlinzeka ngesisombululo senkinga yemfucuza yepulasitiki emhlabeni.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amabhaktheriya ayizinto eziphilayo ezincane ezitholakala yonke indawo. Iningi lawo alinangozi kithi, kanti amanye ayasisiza kakhulu.
- Amabhaktheriya amahle (i-microbiome) emathunjini ethu abaluleke kakhulu empilweni yethu.
- Kukhona futhi namagciwane abangela izifo (amagciwane) abangela izifo. Sisebenzisa ama-antibiotic ukuze siwaphathe.
- Amabhaktheriya namagciwane yizinto ezimbili ezihlukene. Ama-antibiotic awasizi ngalutho ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane njengomkhuhlane ovamile.
- Ama-antibiotic kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela uma enqunywe udokotela. Kufanele nakanjani uthathe umuthi isikhathi sonke esinqunyiwe.
- Ungalokothi uthenge ama-antibiotic ekhemisi ngokwakho noma ngeseluleko somunye umuntu. Kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu.
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