Ingabe unenkinga yokuphefumula noma isimo esifana ne-asthma? Wake wabheka igama le-inhaler oyisebenzisayo? Udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukunike umuthi obizwa ngokuthi "i-beta-agonist." Kusho ukuthini lokhu empeleni? Igama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalo ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, uyini lo beta-agonist?
Ama-beta-agonists uhlobo lomuthi osetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha izifo zamaphaphu. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi asebenza kanjani, udinga ukuqonda "ama-switch" amancane emizimbeni yethu. Siwabiza lawa ma-beta-receptors . Cabanga ngawo njengeminyango emincane emaseli ethu. I-beta-agonist iyisihluthulelo esivula le minyango.
Uma lesi sidakamizwa (isihluthulelo) sihamba futhi sibopha kuleyo receptor (umnyango), lelo seli lithola "isignali" yokwenza okuthile. Lesi signali sibangela imisipha ezithweni ezifana namaphaphu ethu nenhliziyo ukuthi iphumule. Lapho imisipha emaphashini ikhululeka, izindlela zomoya ezincishisiwe ziyanda, okwenza kube lula ngawe ukuphefumula. Futhi, ezinye izinhlobo ze-beta-agonists zingakhuphula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yethu futhi zandise ukusebenza kahle kwenhliziyo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-beta-agonists?
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-beta-receptors emzimbeni wethu: i-beta-1, i-beta-2, kanye ne-beta-3. Ngakho-ke le mithi yenzelwe ukuqondisa lawo ma-receptor.
Ama-agonist e-Beta-1
Lokhu kuhlose kakhulu ama-receptor e-beta-1 enhliziyweni yethu. Uma sinikezwa le mithi, inhliziyo iqala ukushaya ngokushesha futhi iqala ukupompa igazi ngamandla amakhulu. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa odokotela ezibhedlela ezimweni eziphuthumayo njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
Ama-agonist e-Beta-2
Lolu uhlobo lwe-beta-agonist olusetshenziswa kakhulu. I-asthma inhaler oyisebenzisayo cishe ingenye yalezi zinhlobo zemithi. Lezi zihlose ama-beta-2 receptors emaphashini . Uma le mithi ihogelwa nge-inhaler, ikhulula imisipha ezungeze izindlela zomoya emaphashini, iwenze abe banzi. Yingakho ibizwa nangokuthi ama-bronchodilators .
Lolu hlobo lwe-beta-2 agonist luhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili:
- Ama-beta-agonists asebenza isikhathi esifushane (SABA): Lawa yiwo onawo "kuma-inhaler akho okusindisa." Cabanga ukuthi uhlaselwe yi-asthma ngokuzumayo futhi uphelelwa umoya. Uma usebenzisa le inhaler, ivula ngokushesha imigudu yakho yokuphefumula futhi yenza kube lula ukuphefumula ngemizuzu embalwa.
- Ama-beta-agonists asebenza isikhathi eside (i-LABA):Lezi zisetshenziswa nsuku zonke ukulawula izimpawu. Odokotela batusa lezi kubantu abanezimo ezifana ne-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu) noma labo abahlaselwa yi-asthma njalo. Imiphumela yalezi zimpawu ihlala amahora amaningi.
Ama-agonist e-Beta-3
Lolu hlobo lomuthi lusha kakhulu. Ama-agonist e-beta-3 akhona asetshenziselwa ukukhulula imisipha yesinye . Lokhu kwenzelwa ukwelapha isimo esibizwa ngokuthi "isinye esisebenza ngokweqile," okuyilapho kufanele uchame njalo. Andisa amandla esinye futhi alawule isifiso sokuchama.
Izimo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ama-beta-agonists
Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, izimo lapho kusetshenziswa khona ama-beta-agonist ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-beta-agonist.
- Izifo zokuphefumula: Ama-agonist e-Beta-2 (ikakhulukazi ama-inhaler) avame ukusetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo ezifana ne -asthma kanye ne-COPD .
- Izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha: Ama-agonist e-Beta-1 asetshenziswa ezibhedlela ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwenhliziyo ezimweni ezifana nokungezwani komzimba okukhulu (i-anaphylaxis) kanye nokushaqeka kwenhliziyo.
- Isifo senhliziyo: Lokhu kungasetshenziswa futhi ukwelapha ezinye izifo zenhliziyo.
- Izinkinga zesinyi: Ama-agonist e-Beta-3 asetshenziselwa ukwelapha isinyi esisebenza ngokweqile.
- Amazinga aphezulu e-potassium egazini (i-Hyperkalemia): Kwezinye izimo, i-beta-2 agonist nayo isetshenziselwa ukulawula amazinga aphezulu e-potassium egazini ayingozi.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi akufanele usebenzise noma yimuphi wale mithi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Udokotela wakho kuphela onganquma umuthi ofanele, umthamo, kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa.
| Uhlobo lwe-Beta-agonist | Izibonelo (amagama emithi) | Kusetshenziswa kakhulu |
|---|---|---|
| I-agonist ye-beta-2 esebenza ngokushesha (SABA) | I-Albuterol, i-Salbutamol, ne-Levalbuterol | Uma uphefumula kanzima ngenxa yezinkinga zokuphefumula ezibangelwa yi-asthma noma i-COPD. |
| I-agonist ye-beta-2 esebenza isikhathi eside (i-LABA) | I-Formoterol, i-Salmeterol, ne-Indacaterol | Ukuphatha izimpawu ze-asthma kanye ne-COPD nsuku zonke. |
| I-agonist ye-Beta-1 | I-Dobutamine, i-Norepinephrine (i-Noradrenaline) | Ukwandisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo ezimweni eziphuthumayo njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. |
| Ama-agonist e-Beta-1 kanye ne-beta-2 | I-Epinephrine (i-Adrenaline), i-Isoproterenol | Ezimweni eziphuthumayo ezifana nokungezwani komzimba okukhulu (i-anaphylaxis). |
| I-agonist ye-Beta-3 | I-Mirabegron | Isinyi esisebenza ngokweqile. |
Lo muthi usebenza kanjani emzimbeni?
Lokhu kulula kakhulu ukukuqonda. Umzimba wethu unento ebizwa ngokuthi "uhlelo lwezinzwa oluzimele." Yilokhu okulawula izinto ezingaphezu kwamandla ethu (njengokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo). Ingxenye yalokhu ibizwa ngokuthi "uhlelo lwezinzwa oluzwelanayo." Yilokhu okudala impendulo yomzimba wethu "yokulwa noma ukubaleka" .
Zicabange uhamba emgwaqweni bese kuthi kungazelelwe inja ikuxoshe. Umzimba wakho ushintsha kakhulu ngokuzumayo, akunjalo?
- Inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha.
- Ukuphefumula kuyashesha.
- Umzimba uzizwa unamandla amakhulu.
Yilokho okwenziwa "yisimiso sezinzwa esinozwela". Imithi ye-beta-agonist ivuselela izingxenye ezithile zalesi simiso ngokwenziwa, ngaphandle kwengozi yesimo esiyingozi kangaka.
- Emaphashini: Kwandisa imigudu yokuphefumula, kusiza umzimba ukuthi uthole umoya-mpilo owengeziwe.
- Kwenhliziyo: Yandisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo futhi ithumela igazi elinomoya-mpilo emisipheni ngokushesha.
- Kwesinye:Kuphumuza isinyi, kusenze sikwazi ukubamba umchamo omningi.
Uhlobo lwemithi eyenza okuphambene nalokhu lubizwa ngokuthi “ama-beta-blockers.” Avimba lawo ma-beta-receptor (amasango) esikhulume ngawo. Khona-ke ama-beta-agonists awakwazi ukuwavuselela.
Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona yale mithi?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-beta-agonists angabangela imiphumela emibi kwabanye abantu. Kodwa-ke, uma isetshenziswa njenge-inhaler, umuthi uya ngqo emaphashini, ngakho-ke ingozi yemiphumela emibi ivame ukuba phansi. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babhekane nezinto ezifana nalezi:
- Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo (i-Tachycardia)
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Arrhythmia)
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension)
- Ukuthuthumela kwamalungu
- Ukungaphumuli noma ukukhathazeka
- Ukujuluka
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
- Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi yale miphumela emibi, noma uma imithi yakho ibonakala ingasebenzi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha . Angase akwazi ukulungisa umthamo wakho noma akunikeze omunye umuthi.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Uma usebenzisa i-beta-agonist, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho kulezi zimo.
- Uma uhlangabezana nomphumela omubi ongalindelekile noma onzima.
- Uma unomuzwa wokuthi ukwelashwa kwakho akusasebenzi. Isibonelo, uma ubukwazi ukusebenzisa i-pump eyodwa nje ye-inhaler yakho, kodwa manje udinga ukusebenzisa i-pump ezimbili noma ezintathu.
- Uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu usuku nosuku.
Uma ubhekene nobunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, hamba uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU) ngokushesha. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zesimo esibucayi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-beta-agonists uhlobo lomuthi olapha kakhulu izifo zokuphefumula ezifana ne-asthma kanye ne-COPD.
- Lokhu kusebenza ngokwandisa imigudu yokuphefumula emaphashini nokwenza ukuphefumula kube lula.
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukusebenza isikhathi esifushane (SABA) kanye nokusebenza isikhathi eside (LABA). I-SABA isetshenziswa ezimweni eziphuthumayo.
- Lo muthi kufanele usetshenziswe kuphela ngokunconywa ngudokotela, kanye nangesilinganiso esinqunyiwe.
- Imiphumela emibi efana nokuthuthumela kwezandla kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kungase kube khona, futhi uma inzima kakhulu noma uma unomuzwa wokuthi ukwelashwa akusebenzi, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
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