Uma udokotela ekutshela noma ingane yakho ukuthi unesifo segazi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Beta Thalassemia, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo onaso. Ngoba uhlobo lwesifo onaso luzonquma izimpawu nokwelashwa okudingayo. Ungase wesabe kancane uma uzwa leli gama. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, sizochaza konke ngokucacile nangokulula.
Kalula nje, iyini i-beta thalassemia?
I-Beta thalassemia yisifo esithinta igazi lethu. Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani emzimbeni.
Ngaphakathi kwamaseli abomvu egazi egazini lethu kukhona iphrotheni ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin . Lena yindlela ethatha umoya-mpilo emaphashini bese iwusabalalisa emaseli kuwo wonke umzimba. Kufana nenkonzo yokulethwa komoya-mpilo. Kumuntu one-beta thalassemia, le phrotheni ye-hemoglobin ayikhiqizwa kakhulu njengoba idinga. Isizathu salokhu ushintsho, noma ukuguquka, ku-gene ehlobene nokukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin (i-HBB gene).
Uma i-hemoglobin yehla, amangqamuzana omzimba awatholi inani elidingekayo lomoya-mpilo. Yingakho kuvela izimpawu ezahlukene. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zalesi sifo. Ake sibheke ngayinye yazo ngokwehlukana.
1. I-Beta Thalassemia encike ekufakweni kwegazi
Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-Thalassemia Major . Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-thalassemia. Lesi simo senzeka kuphela uma ingane izuza amakhophi amabili aguquliwe esakhi sofuzo salesi sifo kubo bobabili abazali.
Ingane enalesi simo ivame ukutholakala ukuthi inalesi sifo ingakafiki eminyakeni emibili .
Njengabazali, siyazi ukuthi kungaba nzima kakhulu ukubhekana nezindaba zokuthi ingane yakho inesifo esibi. Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhungathekile futhi ukhathazekile. Ungabi wedwa ngalesi sikhathi. Khuluma nomndeni wakho nabangani ngalokhu. Ukusekelwa kwabo kuzoba umthombo omkhulu wamandla. Futhi, uma uzizwa ukhungathekile futhi ukhathazekile, cela udokotela wakho ukuthi akuthumele kumeluleki wezempilo yengqondo. Akuyona into okufanele ube namahloni ngayo, futhi kubalulekile ukuhlala uqinile enganeni yakho.
Yiziphi izimpawu ezingabonakala kulesi simo?
- I-anemia enkulu: Ngenxa ye-hemoglobin ephansi kakhulu, ingane izizwa ikhathele futhi ikhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ingase ibonakale iphaphathekile.
- Ukukhula okubambezelekile: Ukukhula komntwana kuhamba kancane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izingane.
- Ukwanda kwe-spleen nesibindi:Njengoba inani elikhulu lamaseli abomvu egazi alimele liqongelela ebhodweni nasesibindini, lezi zitho ziyakhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ubuthakathaka bamathambo: Njengoba umongo wethambo kufanele udale amangqamuzana egazi abomvu engeziwe, umongo wethambo ungavuvukala futhi amathambo angaba mncane futhi aqhekeke.
- Ukuthomba okulibazisekile: Njengoba ukhula, ukuthomba kungabambezeleka ngenxa yemiphumela ekusebenzeni kwama-hormone.
- Ingozi yesifo sikashukela kanye nokuqhekeka kwegazi inganda nalapho umuntu ekhula.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Ukuze kulawulwe le anemia enzima, ukumpontshelwa igazi njalo kubalulekile. Kodwa-ke, uma uqhubeka nokunikela ngegazi, inani lensimbi emzimbeni linganda ngokungadingekile. Le nsimbi eyengeziwe ingalimaza isibindi, inhliziyo, kanye nesistimu ye-endocrine.
Ukuvimbela lokhu, kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-Iron Chelation Therapy . Kalula nje, lokhu kususa i-iron eningi eqongeleleke emzimbeni. Kunemithi enikezwayo ngalokhu.
2. I-Beta Thalassemia exhomeke ekufakweni kwegazi
Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-Thalassemia Intermedia . Izimpawu zalokhu azizimbi kakhulu njengeze-Thalassemia Major okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambili.
Ngokuvamile, umuntu onalesi simo ubona udokotela ngenxa yezinkinga ezifana nokukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukuphuzi kwesikhumba (i-jaundice), noma ukwehluleka ukukhula.
Izimpawu ezingabonakala kulesi simo
- Ukwanda kobende.
- Ukuthomba okulibazisekile.
- Amathambo abuthakathaka kanye nengozi yokuphuka kalula.
- Ukukhathala okubangelwa yi-anemia.
Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zalesi simo azizimbi kangako, ukumpontshelwa igazi njalo akuvamile ukuba kudingeke . Ungase ungadingi ukumnika igazi impilo yakho yonke. Kodwa lokho kuncike kudokotela wakho ukuthi anqume.
3. I-Beta Thalassemia Minor
Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "i-Thalassemia Charit." Ezweni lakithi, abantu abaningi babiza lesi simo ngokuthi "ukuba yi-Thalassemia carrier."
Lolu uhlobo olulula kakhulu lwe-thalassemia. Umuntu onalesi simo angase angabi nazimpawu ngaphandle kwe-anemia encane . Abantu abaningi baphila iminyaka eminingi bengazi nokuthi banalesi simo. Ngezinye izikhathi sitholakala ngengozi lapho kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwesinye isimo.
Lesi simo ngokuvamile asidingi ukwelashwa okuvamile ngaphandle kokuthi uzizwa ukhathele noma ukhathele.
Kodwa noma ungenazo izimpawu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi unesifo se-Thalassemia. Ikakhulukazi uma uzoshada noma uhlela ukuba nomntwana. Ngoba uma umlingani wakho naye enesifo se-Thalassemia, kunethuba elingu-1 kwangu-4 (25%) lokuthi ingane yakho izoba ne-Thalassemia Major, okuyisimo esibucayi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu bese uhlolwa.
| Uhlobo lwe-Thalassemia | Ukuzimisela | Izimpawu eziyinhloko kanye nokwelashwa |
|---|---|---|
| I-Thalassemia Major | Okungathi sína kakhulu | Ukuntuleka kwegazi okukhulu, ukukhula okubambezelekile. Ukumpontshelwa igazi njalo kanye nokwelashwa nge-iron chelation kubalulekile. |
| I-Thalassemia intermedia | Kungathi sína ngokumaphakathi | Ukuntuleka kwegazi okusesilinganisweni, ukukhathala. Ngokuvamile asikho isidingo sokumpontshelwa igazi njalo. |
| I-Thalassemia encane (Encane/Isici) | Akubalulekile (isimo somthwali) | Ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu. Akukho ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Kodwa ukuqwashisa kubalulekile ekuhleleni umndeni. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Beta thalassemia yisimo esizuzwa njengefa esinciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin.
- Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zalokhu: okukhulu (okukhulu), okuphakathi (okumaphakathi), kanye nokuncane (okuncane/okumaphakathi).
- I-Thalassemia major idinga ukumpontshelwa igazi njalo kanye nokwelashwa kokususwa kwensimbi.
- Uma une-thalassemia minor (umthwali), ungase ungabi nazimpawu. Kodwa-ke, ukwazi ukuthi umlingani wakho naye ungumthwali kubaluleke kakhulu uma ulindele umntwana onempilo.
- Ungabi namahloni noma wesabe ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngohlobo lwe-thalassemia onayo, ukwelashwa kwayo, nanoma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo.
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