Ake sifunde nge-Metformin, esetshenziselwa isifo sikashukela? (Ama-Biguanides)

Uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi unesifo sikashukela, umuthi wokuqala ozowunikezwa yiMetformin. Lo umuthi odumile futhi ophephile wesifo sikashukela, hhayi eSri Lanka kuphela, kodwa emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, kuvamile ukuthi sonke sibe nemibuzo embalwa kanye nokwesaba okuncane lapho siqala umuthi omusha. Ungase uzibuze izinto ezinjengokuthi, "Kuzokwenzekani ngalokhu?", "Ingabe lokhu kuhle emzimbeni?", "Ingabe kukhona imiphumela emibi?" Ungakhathazeki, namuhla sizokhuluma ngalolu hlobo lomuthi olubizwa ngokuthi iMetformin, okungukuthi, iBiguanides, ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda.

Kalula nje, ziyini lezi Biguanides?

Ama-Biguanides ayiqembu lemithi esetshenziswa ukulawula isifo sikashukela. Athathwa ngesimo samaphilisi. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili . Umsebenzi oyinhloko wale mithi ukwehlisa nokulawula izinga likashukela, noma i-glucose, egazini lakho.

Manje ungase ucabange, "Ingabe kunemithi eminingi eqenjini le-Biguanides?" Akunjalo ngempela. Njengamanje, emazweni amaningi omhlaba, okuhlanganisa ne-Sri Lanka, kunomuthi owodwa kuphela ngaphansi kwaleli qembu. Leyo yi -Metformin sonke esiyaziyo. Kodwa-ke, ungase ubone umuthi i-Metformin ngaphansi kwamagama emikhiqizo ahlukene. Isibonelo:

• I-Glucophage®
• I-Glucophage XR®
• I-Glumetza®
• I-Fortamet®
• I-Riomet®

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inaliphi igama, isithako esisebenzayo ngaphakathi siyafana, okuyiMetformin.

Ingabe i-metformin inikezwa isifo sikashukela kuphela?

I-Metformin ivunyelwe kakhulu isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Eqinisweni, ibhekwa njengokwelashwa kokuqala kwalokho. Okusho ukuthi, umuthi wokuqala udokotela azoqala ngawo ngokushesha nje lapho kutholakala ukuthi isifo sikashukela sikhona.

Kodwa-ke, odokotela banikeza lo muthi ezinye izimo eziningana, hhayi isifo sikashukela kuphela. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa "okungekho emthethweni". Okusho ukuthi, odokotela banikeza lo muthi kwezinye izimo ngaphandle kwaleso esivunyelwe ngokusemthethweni, ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo kahle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi manje baphenya ukuthi i-metformin inazo yini izakhiwo zokulwa nomdlavuza. Ezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi abantu abathatha i-metformin yesifo sikashukela banengozi ephansi yokuthola umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusesesigabeni socwaningo.

Leli philisi le-Metformin lisebenza kanjani emzimbeni wethu?

Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko lo muthi osebenza ngazo. Ake siwuqonde ngesibonelo esilula.

Cabanga ukuthi unefektri enkulu emzimbeni wakho eyenza ushukela (i-glucose). Leso yisibindi sakho. Kumuntu onesifo sikashukela, le fektri isebenza kakhulu, ifaka ushukela egazini njalo.

1. Ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kukashukela yisibindi: Into yokuqala eyenziwa yi-Metformin ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kukashukela efektri kashukela (isibindi). Ngamanye amazwi, lo muthi ulawula ukwengezwa okungadingekile kukashukela egazini elivela esibindini.

2. Imisipha iba nomuzwa okhudlwana ku-insulin: Into yesibili ukusiza i-hormone i-insulin emzimbeni wethu ukuthi isebenze kahle. I-insulin ifana nesihluthulelo seminyango yamaseli emizimba yethu. Lesi sihluthulelo yisona esivumela ushukela egazini ukuthi ungene emaselini futhi wenze amandla. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banenkinga yokuvula lesi sihluthulelo. Sikubiza kanjaloUkumelana ne-insulin. I-Metformin isebenza ngokwenza iminyango yemisipha efana namaseli yamukeleke kalula kulesi sihluthulelo (i-insulin). Khona-ke ushukela osegazini ungangena kalula kumaseli bese uguqulwa ube amandla. Bese izinga likashukela egazini liyehla.

Kwabesifazane abane-PCOS, i-Metformin yehlisa amazinga e-insulin, okunciphisa amazinga ama-hormone afana ne-androgens, okusiza ukubuyisela imijikelezo evamile yokuya esikhathini.

Ziyini izinzuzo zalo muthi?

I-Metformin iyimithi ephumelela kakhulu.

• Ukwehlisa amazinga e-A1C: Kumuntu onesifo sikashukela, i-metformin ingehlisa amazinga ayo e-A1C (ukuhlolwa okubonisa amazinga ajwayelekile kashukela egazini ezinyangeni ezi-2-3 ezedlule) cishe ngo-1%. Lokhu kuyintuthuko enkulu ekuphathweni kwesifo sikashukela.
• Ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela: Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi lo muthi ungasiza ekubambezeleni noma ekuvimbeleni ngokuphelele ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela esiphelele kubantu abanesifo sikashukela esingakafiki ezingeni elifanele.
• Ukunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo: Ezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi i-metformin inganciphisa nengozi yesifo senhliziyo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi njengoba lo muthi uyinkinga yokuphila konke, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale uthintana nodokotela wakho futhi uthathe imithi yakho kanye nezinguquko endleleni yakho yokuphila (ukudla, ukuvivinya umzimba) njengoba kuyalelwe. Imithi yodwa ayikwazi ukulawula isifo sikashukela.

Masiqaphele nemiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi.

Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, i-Metformin ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Kodwa eminingi yale miphumela ayibi kakhulu futhi akuwona wonke umuntu oyitholayo.

Imiphumela emibi evamile

Lokhu kungenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala noma emavikini ngemva kokuqala umuthi. Ngokuvamile kuyaphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba umzimba ujwayela umuthi.

• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu: Ukuqunjelwa, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, futhi ikakhulukazi isifo sohudo yimiphumela emibi evame kakhulu. Lesi simo singaba khona kubantu abangaba ngu-30% abathatha i-metformin.
• Ukuthatha umuthi ngemva kokudla: Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ukungakhululeki esiswini kanjena ukuthatha umuthi kanye nokudla noma ngokushesha ngemva kokudla. Ungawuthathi esiswini esingenalutho.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile

• Ukungakhululeki esifubeni
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukujuluka ngokweqile (i-diaphoresis)
• Ushukela ophansi egazini (i-hypoglycemia) - (Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu nge-Metformin kuphela, kodwa kungenzeka uma kuthathwa neminye imithi yesifo sikashukela)
• Ubuthakathaka

Uma lokhu kuqhubeka noma uma uzizwa ungakhululekile, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Izingozi ezidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile

I-Metformin ngokuvamile iyimithi ephephile kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu ezingavela kaningi.

1. Ukuntuleka kweVithamini B12

Uma uthatha i-Metformin isikhathi eside, umzimba wakho ungase umunce i-vitamin B12 kancane. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho angahlola amazinga akho e-vitamin B12, ikakhulukazi uma une-anemia noma i-peripheral neuropathy. Uma kudingeka, angancoma ukuthatha isithasiselo se-vitamin B12.

2. I-Lactic Acidosis

I-Lactic acidosis yisimo lapho umzimba uqoqa khona i-lactic acid eningi kakhulu, okwenza igazi libe ne-acid eningi kakhulu. Lesi simo sithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-30,000 abathatha i-metformin. Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kungaba yingozi empilweni, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu.

Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-lactic acidosis:

• Abantu abanesifo sezinso noma sesibindi
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala
• Abantu abasanda kuhlinzwa
• Abantu abane-hypoxia (ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo emzimbeni)
• Abantu abaphuza utshwala ngokweqile

Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo ukusebenza kwezinso zakho lapho ekunikeza iMetformin ukuze abhekele le ngozi.

Izimpawu ze-lactic acidosis:

Uma kuvela esinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu ngokuzumayo, yeka ukuthatha umuthi ngokushesha bese uya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU).

• Ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nobuthakathaka
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Isisu esibuhlungu
• Ukuphefumula okujulile noma okusheshayo

Lesi simo singaholela ngisho nasekufeni uma singelashwa ngokushesha, ngakho-ke qaphela lezi zimpawu.

3. Izinkinga ngeminye imithi (Ukusebenzisana Kwemithi)

Uma uthatha i-metformin futhi uthatha eminye imithi yesinye isimo, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho. Eminye imithi ingasebenzisana ne-metformin futhi yandise ingozi ye-lactic acidosis. Eminye imithi ingabangela noshukela ophansi egazini (i-hypoglycemia). Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo (kufaka phakathi amavithamini, izithasiselo, kanye nemithi yamakhambi).

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uthatha i-metformin, kufanele uye emitholampilo ngezikhathi ezihleliwe njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho. Ngaleyo ndlela, angabona ukuthi umuthi uyasebenza yini, ukuthi umthamo udinga ukushintshwa yini, nokuthi kukhona yini imiphumela emibi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, khuluma nodokotela wakho ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Uma imiphumela emibi ikukhathaza noma kunzima ukuyibekezelela.
• Uma unomuzwa wokuthi isifo sakho sikashukela noma isimo se-PCOS asilawulwa kahle ngemithi.
• Uma uzizwa sengathi udinga ukuyeka ukuthatha umuthi nganoma yisiphi isizathu, ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha umuthi ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho.

I-Metformin iyisidakamizwa esiphephile kakhulu nesisebenzayo esisetshenziswe izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke amashumi eminyaka, sicwaningwe kahle, futhi siyabekezelelwa kahle. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo. Zizwe ukhululekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho. Uhlala ekulungele ukukusiza.