Uma uya kudokotela, bakucela ukuthi wenze izinto ezifana nombiko wegazi, umbiko womchamo, akunjalo? Noma bahlola umfutho wegazi lakho (BP), ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho (isilinganiso senhliziyo). Empeleni, kuzo zonke lezi zinto, udokotela uzama ukuthola umbono ocacile ngesimo esingaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngala ' ma-biomarker ' akhona emizimbeni yethu futhi asinika ulwazi oluwusizo kakhulu mayelana nempilo yethu.
Ziyini ngempela i-biomarkers?
Kalula nje, i-biomarker iyinoma yisiphi isici esilinganiswayo somzimba wakho. Zingatholakala egazini lakho, kwezinye izinto eziwuketshezi emzimbeni (njengomchamo), noma ezicutshini. Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bazibiza ngokuthi "ama-Molecular markers" noma "ama-Signature molecules".
Cabanga ngakho njengezimpawu ezikudeshibhodi yemoto yakho. Njengoba nje ukukhanya 'kokuhlola injini' kukhanya uma kunenkinga ngenjini, lezi zimpawu zokuhlola zisinika inkomba, isibonakaliso, ngesimo esithile sesifo, inqubo engajwayelekile, noma inqubo evamile emzimbeni wethu. Futhi, uma welashwa isifo esithile, odokotela basebenzisa lezi zimpawu zokuhlola ukuthola ukuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani kulolo hlobo lokwelashwa.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-biomarker?
Ama-biomarker angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana. Uhlobo ngalunye lulandisa indaba ehlukile ngomzimba wakho. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini lezi zinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lwe-Biomarker | Kusho ukuthini lokho? |
|---|---|
| Ukuxilongwa | Lokhu kusiza ekuboneni ukuthi unesifo esithile yini. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi athole ukuxilongwa okunembile. |
| Ukuqapha | Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha isimo sakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (amasonto, izinyanga, noma iminyaka) bese ubona ukuthi siya ngcono, siya siba sibi, noma sihlala sinjalo . |
| Ukubikezela | Lokhu kusiza udokotela ukubikezela ukuthi umzimba wakho uzosabela kanjani ekwelashweni okuthile. |
| Ukuthinteka/Ingozi | Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ingozi yakho yokuthola isifo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngaphambi kokuba lesi sifo singene emzimbeni wakho. |
| Ukubikezela | Ngemva kokuxilongwa, lokhu kungakunikeza isithombe esihle sokuthi isimo sakho sizobukeka kanjani esikhathini esizayo . |
Yiziphi i-Biomarkers esizaziyo?
Ama-biomarker angase azwakale njengegama ongalijwayele, kodwa usuvele uyawazi amaningi awo.
Lezi yizimpawu ze-biomarker ezilula kakhulu, zansuku zonke:
- Umfutho wegazi lakho: Lokhu kusho lukhulu ngempilo yenhliziyo yakho kanye nemithambo yegazi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray: Lokhu kuyi-biomarker yokuhlola izinto ezifana nethambo eliphukile noma ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu.
- Imiphumela ye-CAT scan: Inikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane zezitho ezingaphakathi komzimba.
- I-Pulse: I-biomarker elula yokushaya kwenhliziyo.
Kodwa ngaphezu kwezinto ezilula ezifana nalezi, kunezinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zama-biomarker ezihlolwa emalabhorethri.
- Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu egazini nasezicutshini: Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi i-HbA1c komuntu onesifo sikashukela kungasho ngqo ukuthi amazinga kashukela egazini lakhe alawulwe kahle kangakanani ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule.
- Ama-molecule avela ezimila: Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zikhipha amaprotheni athile egazini. Lawa angalinganiswa ukusiza ekuxilongeni umdlavuza.
Ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, sonke sizwile ngokuhlolwa kwe-`(PCR)`, akunjalo? Futhi kuyisibonelo esihle sokuhlolwa kwe-biomarker. Kubheka izingcezu zofuzo zegciwane emzimbeni wethu. Akusetshenziselwa ukuthola i-COVID-19 kuphela, kodwa nezinye izinto eziningi.
Kungani ama-biomarker ebalulekile kithi?
Ama-biomarker awawona nje amanani embikweni. Anikeza odokotela ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nempilo yethu. Asiza ekulinganiseni izinga uhlelo emzimbeni olusebenza ngalo ngendlela evamile noma engajwayelekile.
Ikakhulukazi ekuxilongweni nasekwelapheni umdlavuza
Uma kukhulunywa ngomdlavuza, ama-biomarker ayithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kungaba amaprotheni, izakhi zofuzo, noma ezinye izinto.
- Kusiza ekutholeni umdlavuza kusenesikhathi: Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zingatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwe-biomarker ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Ukuthola umdlavuza kusenesikhathi kusho ukuthi amathuba okwelashwa aphumelele aphezulu kakhulu.
- Ubunzima bomdlavuza bungabikezelwa: Ama-biomarker asiza udokotela ukuqonda ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani emzimbeni wonke nokuthi ukusiphi isigaba.
- Ikuqondisa ukuthi ukhethe ukwelashwa okufanele: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Amanye ama-biomarker angakutshela ukuthi umzimba wakho uzosabela yini emuthini othile wokulwa nomdlavuza (i-chemotherapy) noma cha. Ngemuva kwalokho ungakhetha ukwelashwa okukufanele kakhulu , ugweme izidakamizwa ezingenamsebenzi futhi ezibangela imiphumela emibi kuphela.
- Ukulinganisa ingozi yokuphinda umdlavuza: Ngezinye izikhathi, ngemva kokususwa kwesimila somdlavuza ngokuhlinzwa, amangqamuzana esimila ayahlolwa bese kunikezwa 'isilinganiso sengozi yokuphinda umdlavuza' ukuze kulinganiswe ingozi yokubuya komdlavuza. Lokhu kungaba usizo kakhulu ekwenzeni izinqumo mayelana nokwelashwa kwesikhathi esizayo.
Lezi zivivinyo ze-biomarker zomdlavuza zibizwa ngamagama ahlukene. Uma umbiko wakho uqukethe la magama, kusho ukuthi kuwukuhlolwa kwe-biomarker.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-genomic
- Ukuhlolwa kwama-molecule
- Ukuhlolwa kwezimpawu zesimila
- Ukulandelana kwesizukulwane esilandelayo (NGS)
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Somatic
Ama-biomarker kanye nekusasa lezokwelapha
Ukubaluleka kwama-biomarker akugcini nje ngomdlavuza. Abacwaningi basebenzisa ama-biomarker ukukala ukuthi imithi emisha ibathinta kanjani abantu lapho bethuthukisa imithi emisha.
Ngokufanayo, kunethemba elikhulu ngama-biomarker emkhakheni wezempilo yengqondo (i-psychiatry). Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka okwamanje ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ama-biomarker angasetshenziswa yini ukuhlonza izifo zengqondo (isb., ukucindezeleka) nokunquma ukuthi iziguli zisabela kanjani emithini. Uma lokhu kuphumelela, kuzokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo ukuhlinzeka ngokwelashwa kwengqondo okwenzelwe umuntu ngamunye , kunokuba kube yindlela "efanayo neyabo bonke".
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-biomarker ayizinkomba ezibalulekile zempilo yakho ezingalinganiswa ezintweni ezifana negazi lakho, umchamo, kanye nezicubu.
- Ama-biomarker afaka izinto ezilula njengomfutho wegazi kanye ne-X-ray, kanye nezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokuhlolwa kofuzo.
- Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekutholakaleni kwesifo kusenesikhathi, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza, ukuqapha inqubekela phambili yaso, nokukhetha ukwelashwa okukufanele kakhulu.
- Uma udokotela wakho encoma ukuhlolwa kwe-biomarker, ungesabi ukubuza ukuthi kungani. Xoxa njalo ngemiphumela nodokotela wakho.
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