Wake waphawula ukuthi umbala womchamo wakho usushintshile? Mhlawumbe umbala obomvu opinki... Noma uzizwa sengathi udinga ukuchama njalo, kodwa kuzwakala sengathi awukwazi? Nakuba ngokuvamile singazinaki lezi zinto, ngezinye izikhathi zingaba izimpawu ezibalulekile umzimba wethu osinika zona. Leso ngesinye sezihloko ezibalulekile, umdlavuza wesinyi, esizokhuluma ngazo namuhla. Ungesabi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.
Kalula nje, uyini umdlavuza wesinye?
Umdlavuza wesinye uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu. Uqala emaseli angaphakathi kwesinye. Cabanga ngesinyi sakho njengesitho esincane esifana nesikhwama esiqoqa futhi sigcine umchamo wakho. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha lo mdlavuza, okuhlanganisa nokuhlinzwa kokususa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi umdlavuza wesinyi ungaphinde ubuye ngemva kokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu onalesi simo aqhubeke nokuxhumana nodokotela wakhe futhi alandelelwe njalo. Uma lokhu kutholakala kusenesikhathi, okungukuthi, uma umdlavuza welashwa ngaphambi kokuba usakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, imiphumela ephumelelayo ingatholakala. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe welapheka ekuqaleni, kunethuba elingu-75% lokuphinda ubuye. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele.
Lesi simo sithinta kanjani imizimba yethu?
Isinyi sakho sitholakala phakathi kwamathambo akho enqulwini, ngaphansi kwezinso zakho. Umchamo okhiqizwa yizinso zakho uqoqana kulesi sinyi. Ugcwele ngaphakathi ulwelwesi olukhethekile olubizwa ngokuthi i-urothelium. Amaseli akulesi sinyi anganwebeka lapho isinyi sigcwala umchamo bese efinyela futhi uma siphuma. Kufana nebhaluni yerabha. Ngokuvamile lingaphatha cishe izinkomishi ezimbili zomchamo.
Umdlavuza wesinye uvela lapho amangqamuzana athile olwelwesini lwesinyi (urothelium) eba noguquko futhi aqale ukuhlukana ngendlela engavamile futhi engalawuleki. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile akhula ndawonye ukuze akhe amathumba. Uma engelashwa, lawa maseli omdlavuza angasakazeka odongeni lwesinyi aye kuma-lymph node aseduze futhi kusukela lapho aye kwezinye izitho zomzimba, njengamathambo, amaphaphu, noma isibindi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesinye?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza wesinye. Lezi zihlukaniswa ngokohlobo lweseli lapho umdlavuza uqala khona. Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo Lomdlavuza | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-carcinoma yeseli yesikhashana | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu (cishe u-90%). Luqala emaseli aguqukayo odongeni lwangaphakathi lwesinye. Lungasakazeka lujule kwesinye. Lubizwa nangokuthi i-urothelial carcinoma . |
| I-carcinoma yamaseli e-squamous | Iqala kumaseli aqinile angaphakathi kwesinye. Akuvamile (cishe u-5%). Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ikhule kubantu abaye baba nokuvuvukala kwesinye isikhathi noma izifo . |
| I-Adenocarcinoma | Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela ezindlaleni. Lolu hlobo, oluqala ezindlaleni zesinye, aluvamile kakhulu (cishe u-1%-2%). |
| I-carcinoma yamaseli amancane | Lolu futhi uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu. |
| I-Sarcoma | Uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu oluqala emangqamuzaneni emisipha yesinye. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bahlukanisa lo mdlavuza ngenye indlela, okusekelwe ekutheni umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani.
- Ayihlaseli: Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlavuza ukhawulelwe ebusweni bodonga lwangaphakathi lwesinye.
- Akuhlaseli imisipha: Umdlavuza usujule kancane, kodwa awukangeni emisipheni.
- Imisipha ehlaselayo: Kulesi simo, umdlavuza usungene engxenyeni yemisipha yesinye. Kungenzeka ukuthi ususakazeke ngale kwalapho. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu.
Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi abhekane nalesi sifo?
Uyini umdlavuza wesinye?Umdlavuza wesine ovame kakhulu phakathi kwabesilisa. Amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kane okuba nawo kunabesifazane.
Kodwa into edabukisayo ukuthi lapho abesifazane bethola lesi sifo, ngokuvamile singaba sibi kakhulu ngesikhathi sitholakala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abesifazane abaqapheli ngokugcwele izimpawu. Isibonelo, nakuba igazi emchameni (i-hematuria) liwuphawu oluyinhloko lwalesi sifo, abesifazane bacabanga ukuthi kuyinkinga evamile yabesifazane (isib., inkinga ehlobene nokuya esikhathini). Ngakho-ke, abayinaki kakhulu.
Lo mdlavuza uvame ukuthinta abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-55. Isilinganiso seminyaka yomuntu otholakale enalesi sifo sineminyaka engaba ngu-73 ubudala.
Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesinye?
Uphawu oluyinhloko noluvame kakhulu lwalesi sifo igazi emchameni (i-hematuria). Kodwa-ke, ungesabi ukucabanga ukuthi ngoba nje unegazi emchameni wakho, umdlavuza. Kungabangelwa nezinye izimo zezokwelapha (isib. amatshe omchamo, izifo). Kodwa-ke, uma ubona igazi emchameni wakho nganoma yisiphi isizathu, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela ngokushesha.
Ake sibheke ezinye izimpawu.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Igazi emchameni (i-Hematuria) | Umchamo ungaba nombala obomvu/opinki, obonakala emehlweni. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kube nenani elincane legazi elingabonakala kuphela nge-microscope ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komchamo. |
| Ubuhlungu lapho uchama (i-Dysuria) | Ukusha kanye nobuhlungu lapho uchama. Amadoda angase abe nobuhlungu epenis. |
| Isidingo sokuphuza njalo | Ukudinga ukuchama kakhulu kunokujwayelekile ngosuku. |
| Ubunzima bokuchama | Ukugeleza komchamo okungapheli noma okuhamba kancane. |
| Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo okungaphenduli ekwelashweni | Uma ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo kuqhubeka naphezu kokuthatha ama-antibiotic, kufanele ube nokungabaza. |
Yiziphi izimbangela kanye nezici eziyingozi zomdlavuza wesinye?
Ngisho nodokotela abakwazi ukusho ngqo ukuthi kungani amangqamuzana esinyeni ephenduka amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kuye kwatholakala izici eziningana eziyingozi ezandisa ingozi yalokhu.
- Ukubhema: Lesi yisici esiyinhloko nesiyingozi kakhulu. Umuntu obhema ugwayi unengozi ephindwe kabili yokuthola lo mdlavuza kunomuntu ongabhemi. Ukubhema ugwayi, amapayipi, kanye nokuphefumula intuthu ebhemayo nakho kwandisa ingozi.
- Ukuchayeka Emisebeni: Uma uke welashwa ngemisebe esiswini njengokwelashwa komunye umdlavuza, lokho nakho kuyingozi.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Eminye imithi yamakhemikhali nayo ingandisa ingozi.
- Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile: Abantu abasebenza ngamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi lawo asetshenziswa kudayi, irabha, isikhumba, upende, izindwangu ezithile, kanye nezinto zokulungisa izinwele, basengozini enkulu.
- Ukutheleleka njalo komgudu womchamo: Abantu abahlushwa yizimo ezifana nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo kanye namatshe omchamo isikhathi eside basengozini yokuthola i-squamous cell carcinoma.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-catheter: Abantu abane-catheter yomchamo isikhathi eside ngenxa yesizathu esithile nabo banale ngozi.
Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu? (Ukuxilongwa)
Uma uya kudokotela onezimpawu, uzokwenza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
1. Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlola isampula yomchamo. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini ukutheleleka noma cha.
2. I-Cytology: Amaseli asesampula yomchamo ahlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi akhona yini amaseli omdlavuza.
3. I-Cystoscopy: Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola oluyinhloko olusetshenziswa ukuthola isifo.Kulokhu, kufakwa ithubhu elincane elingangepensela (i-cystoscope) elinekhamera enamathiselwe nge-urethra ukuze kuhlolwe yonke ingaphakathi lesinye. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nedayi ekhethekile ukuhlonza ngokucacile amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngalesi sikhathi, ucezu oluncane lwezicubu (i-biopsy) lungathathwa endaweni esolisayo bese luthunyelwa ukuze luhlolwe.
Uma lezi zivivinyo ziqinisekisa ukuba khona komdlavuza, kwenziwa ezinye izivivinyo ukuze kufundwe kabanzi ngomdlavuza.
- Ukususwa kwesimila sesinye nge-transurethral `(TURBT)`: Lokhu kwenzelwa kokubili ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa. Idivayisi efana ne-cystoscope isetshenziselwa ukusika nokususa isimila esinyeni. Isimila esisusiwe siyahlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele emisipheni.
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI kanye ne-CT: Lezi zinhlobo zokuskena zingahlola ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwesinye yini waya ezithweni ezizungezile.
- I-X-ray Yesifuba kanye ne-Bone Scan: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele emaphashini noma emathanjeni.
Udokotela unquma isigaba somdlavuza ngokusekelwe olwazini olutholwe kulolo nalolo vivinyo.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Kunezindlela ezine zokwelapha umdlavuza wesinye. Ngezinye izikhathi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasetshenziswa ndawonye.
1. Ukuhlinzwa
Lolu uhlobo lokwelashwa oluvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa olwenziwayo luyahlukahluka kuye ngesigaba somdlavuza.
- I-TURBT: Inqubo ethi "TURBT" esikhulume ngayo ngaphambili nayo isetshenziswa njengokwelapha uma umdlavuza ungakasabalali emisipheni. Isimila siyasikwa bese sisuswa noma sishiswe kusetshenziswa ugesi onamandla amakhulu.
- Ukususwa kwe-cyst okunamandla: Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwesinye noma uma kukhona izimila kuso sonke esinyeni, sonke isimila siyasuswa ngokuhlinzwa. Kwabesilisa, indlala ye-prostate nayo ingasuswa, kanti kwabesifazane, isibeletho nama-ovari kungasuswa. Ngemva kokususwa kwesinyi, kwenziwa ukuphambuka komchamo ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuphuma komchamo.
2. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Lezi yimithi ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngezinye izikhathi le mithi inikezwa ngqo esinyeni ngepayipi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa nge-intravesical . Lokhu kunganciphisa umonakalo kumaseli anempilo.
3. Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy
Lokhu kuhilela ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Enye yezindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu umuthi wokugomela i-Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).
4. Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe
Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa njengendlela ehlukile esikhundleni sokuhlinzwa.
5. Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe
Lena indlela yokwelapha entsha kakhulu. Ihilela ukunikeza imithi ehlose kuphela izinguquko zofuzo eziguqula amangqamuzana anempilo abe amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Uzinakekela kanjani?
Ukuphila nomdlavuza wesinyi kungaba yinselele, ikakhulukazi ngoba ungabuya. Kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela ngemva nje kokwelashwa nokuya ezibhedlela ngesikhathi. Ungalokothi uphuthelwe.
- Landela ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo: Faka inyama enamafutha aphansi, inhlanzi, imikhiqizo yobisi, amantongomane, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo nemifino ekudleni kwakho.
- Yidla ukudla okune-fiber ephezulu: Lokhu kuzosiza ezinkingeni zokugaya ukudla ezibangelwa ukwelashwa.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca okulula kusiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka.
- Xhumana nabanye: Kukhona abanye ababhekene nalolu hlobo lokugula. Ukwabelana ngolwazi lwabo nokukhuluma nabo kungaba umthombo omkhulu wamandla engqondo kuwe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma ubona igazi emchameni wakho, ungalokothi ulishaye indiva. Kufana nokukhanya okubomvu. Bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Ukubhema kuyisici esikhulu esiyingozi somdlavuza wesinye. Ungenza umehluko omkhulu ngokuyeka ukubhema namuhla.
- Njenganoma yimuphi umdlavuza, uma utholakale kusenesikhathi, unethuba elikhulu lokwelashwa nokwelashwa.
- Ngemva kokwelashwa, kunengozi yokuphinda lesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha (ukulandelwa) .
- Uma unemibuzo, ukwesaba, noma ukungabaza ngalokhu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngakho.
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho