Uma othile ekubuza uhlobo lwakho lwegazi, ubungakwazi ukuphendula? Mhlawumbe uyazi, mhlawumbe awazi. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi uhlobo lwegazi luyincwadi nje efana no-A, B, O. Kodwa empeleni luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho, futhi lubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalezi zinhlobo zegazi, njengokukhuluma nomngane.
Zisho ukuthini ngempela lezi zinhlobo zegazi?
Sonke sinezakhi ezifanayo eziyisisekelo egazini lethu. Kodwa akuzona zonke igazi zabantu ezifanayo. Kunezinhlobo zegazi eziyisishiyagalombili eziyinhloko. Uhlobo lwegazi olutholayo lunqunywa izakhi zofuzo ozizuza kumama nobaba wakho.
Kalula nje, igazi lakho lihlukile kwelomunye umuntu ngenxa yamaprotheni akhethekile ebusweni bamaseli akho abomvu egazi. Kwezokwelapha, siwabiza lawa ma-antigen . Kukhona nolunye uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheyini ku-plasma, ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi lethu, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies . Uhlobo lwegazi lakho lunqunywa indlela lawo ma-antigen nama-antibodies ahlangana ngayo.
Cabanga ngamaseli akho abomvu egazi njengezindlu ezincane. Uma kukhona i-antigen (A) kwenye yalezi zindlu, uluhlobo A. Uma kukhona i-antigen (B), uluhlobo B. Uma unezo zombili i-antigen, u-AB. Uma ingekho i-antigen, u-O. Kulula kakhulu, akunjalo?
Igazi alilona nje uketshezi olubomvu. Linezingxenye eziningana:
- Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu: athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke.
- Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi: Alwa namagciwane abangela izifo.
- Ama-Platelet: Asiza ekumiseni ukopha ngokwakha amahlule egazi uma kukhona ukulimala.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu zegazi kanye nokuhambisana kwazo
Manje ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini lezi zinhlobo zegazi eziyinhloko ezingu-8 nokuthi zihambisana kanjani. Lokhu kuhambisana kubaluleke kakhulu lapho unikela ngegazi futhi wamukela igazi.
Uyakhumbula engikushilo ngama-antigen u-A no-B ebusweni bamaseli abomvu egazi? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-ABO . Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona enye i-antigen ebalulekile, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Rh factor .
- Uma amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi ene -Rh factor, uhlobo lwegazi lakho 'luhle' (+) . (Isibonelo: A+, B+)
- Uma amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi engenalo i-Rh factor, uhlobo lwegazi lakho 'luyi-negative' (-) . (Isibonelo: A-, O-)
Izinhlobo zegazi eziyinhloko ezingu-8 zakhiwa yinhlanganisela ye-ABO ne-Rh.
| Uhlobo Lwegazi | Laba bantu banganikela ngegazi (Banganikela Ku-) | Ngingakwamukela Kulaba Bantu |
|---|---|---|
| A+ | A+, AB+ | A+, A-, O+, O- |
| A- | A+, A-, AB+, AB- | A-, O- |
| B+ | B+, AB+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| B- | B+, B-, AB+, AB- | B-, O- |
| I-AB+ | I-AB+ | Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi (Umamukeli Ojwayelekile) |
| AB- | AB+, AB- | AB-, A-, B-, O- |
| O+ | O+, A+, B+, AB+ | O+, O- |
| O- | Noma ubani (Umnikeli Womhlaba Wonke) | O- |
"Umniki Wendawo Yonke" kanye "Nomzuzi Wendawo Yonke"
Uma ubheka ithebula, uzobona ukuthi umuntu onegazi lohlobo O negative (O-) anganikela ngegazi kumuntu onanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi. Yingakho uhlobo O- lwegazi lubizwa ngokuthi "Umnikeli Ojwayelekile." Uma kungekho isikhathi sokunquma ngokushesha uhlobo lwegazi lesiguli, njengasesimweni esiphuthumayo, igazi O- livame ukunikezwa.
Futhi, umuntu onegazi elinohlobo lwe-AB (AB+) angathola igazi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo lwegazi lwe-AB+ lubizwa ngokuthi "uMamukeli Ojwayelekile."
Kungani kubaluleke kangaka ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho?
Esikhathini esidlule, ngaphambi kuka-1901, odokotela babecabanga ukuthi wonke umuntu unegazi elifanayo. Ngakho-ke lapho igazi lomuntu linikezwa omunye, abanye abantu bagula kakhulu futhi bafa. Ngo-1901, usosayensi ogama lakhe linguKarl Landsteiner wathola lolu hlelo lohlobo lwegazi.
Kwenzekani uma kuxutshwa izinhlobo ezimbili zegazi ezingahambisani? Cabanga ukuthi umuntu onegazi lohlobo A unikezwa igazi lohlobo B. Umuntu onegazi lohlobo A unama-antibodies amelene negazi B. La ma-antibodies aqaphela amaseli egazi B asanda kwethulwa "njengesitha" futhi aqala ukuwahlasela. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amaseli egazi anamathele ndawonye futhi ajiye. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-agglutination . Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso, ukushaqeka, ngisho nokufa.
Yingakho ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi ukufanisa igazi kwenziwa ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi ukuze kubonakale ukuthi izinhlobo zegazi zomnikeli kanye nozamukeli ziyahambisana yini. Lokhu kungaba yisinqumo sokuphila noma ukufa.
Izinhlobo zegazi ezingavamile kanye nempilo
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo eziyinhloko u-A, u-B, no-O, kunezinhlobo eziningi zegazi ezingavamile kakhulu. Isibonelo uhlobo lwegazi oluyi-Duffy null . Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubantu bozalo lwase-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ngokumangazayo, abantu abanalolu hlobo lwegazi banesivikelo esithile ngokumelene nomalaleveva.
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kohlobo lwegazi lakho nezifo ezithile. Isibonelo, abantu abanezinhlobo zegazi u-A, u-B, noma u-AB kuthiwa basengozini enkulu kancane yesifo senhliziyo kunabantu abanezinhlobo zegazi u-O.
Kodwa khumbula lokhu: Uhlobo lwakho lwegazi alusho ukuthi uzogula. Lezi yizibalo nje. Indlela yakho yokuphila, ukudla okudlayo, kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba kunomthelela omkhulu kakhulu. Akukho "hlobo lwegazi olunempilo kakhulu." Zonke izinhlobo zegazi zilungile ngokulinganayo.
Ingabe 'Ukudla Kohlobo Lwegazi' kuyiqiniso?
Cishe uke wezwa "ngokudla kohlobo lwegazi." Kuwukudla okulandela uhlelo oluthile lokudla lohlobo ngalunye lwegazi. Kodwa abukho ubufakazi besayensi bokuthi kunezinzuzo ezithile zempilo. Ngakho-ke, into engcono kakhulu kuwe ukudla ukudla okunempilo. Kungumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
Kungani uhlobo lwegazi lubalulekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi i-Rh factor .
Cabanga ukuthi umama une -Rh negative (-) , kodwa uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana luyi -Rh positive (+) oluzuzwe kuyise. Kulesi simo, umzimba kamama ungase uqaphele amangqamuzana egazi engane ane-Rh positive "njengawangaphandle" bese uqala ukwenza ama-antibodies ngokumelene nawo. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukungavumelani kwe-Rh .
Nakuba lokhu ngokuvamile kungathinti ukukhulelwa kokuqala, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwesibili, ama-antibodies akhiqizwa emzimbeni kamama angabhubhisa amaseli egazi lomntwana.
Kodwa ungakhathazeki! Kukhona ikhambi elihle kakhulu lalokhu manje. Udokotela wakho uzohlola uhlobo lwegazi lakho ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kwakho. Uma ungenayo i-Rh, uzonikezwa umjovo obizwa ngokuthi i-Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) ngaphambi nangemva kokubeletha. Lokhu kuvimbela umzimba kamama ekwenzeni lawo ma-antibodies ayingozi. Ngakho wena nomntwana wakho ngeke nilimale.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola uhlobo lwegazi lakho ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Uma ungumnikeli wegazi, uhlobo lwegazi lakho lubhalwe ekhadini olitholayo ngemva kokunikela ngegazi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uhlobo lwegazi lakho lunqunywa izakhi zofuzo ozizuza kubazali bakho.
- Uma unikela noma wamukela igazi, kubalulekile ukuba nohlobo lwegazi oluhambisanayo. Igazi elingahambisani lingabulala.
- I-O negative (O-) yaziwa ngokuthi "umnikeli we-universal" kanti i-AB positive (AB+) yaziwa ngokuthi "umamukeli we-universal".
- Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho nokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi uma umama ene-Rh negative.
- Nakuba kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kohlobo lwegazi nezifo ezithile, ayikho into efana nohlobo lwegazi "olungcono kakhulu" noma "olubi kakhulu".
- Ukunikela ngegazi kungasindisa impilo. Uma ungakwazi, yiba yiqhawe ngokunikela ngegazi.
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho