Ukuphila okugeleza emizimbeni yethu: Okudingeka ukwazi ngegazi

Wake wazibuza ukuthi lo ketshezi olubomvu olugeleza njalo emizimbeni yethu, olubizwa ngegazi, lwenza umsebenzi omangalisayo ngempela? Njengeloli elithwala izimpahla edolobheni, igazi lithwala izinto esizidingayo kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu futhi lisusa izinto esingazidingi. Libalulekile empilweni yethu. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalolu ketshezi olunikeza ukuphila.

Liyini igazi? Kungani libaluleke kangaka kithi?

Kalula nje, igazi liwuketshezi olubalulekile oluthwala umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezicutshini zomzimba wethu, futhi lususe imfucuza kulezo zicubu. Ngamanye amazwi, igazi liyaqhubeka lihamba emizimbeni yethu yonke, lisiza ukugcina imizimba yethu iphilile.

Nazi ezinye zemisebenzi eyinhloko yegazi:

• Umoya-mpilo ongena emaphashini ethu lapho siphefumula kanye nezakhamzimba esizithola ekudleni esikudlayo kuthuthwa kuye kuwo wonke amangqamuzana amancane emzimbeni wethu.
• Kuyasiza ekuthwaleni imfucuza, njenge-carbon dioxide, ekhiqizwa emaseli ibuyele emaphashini nasezinso bese iyisusa emzimbeni.
• Zisivikela ezifweni ngokulwa namagciwane angena emzimbeni.
• Uma silimala , igazi liyaqhekeka ukuze kumiswe ukopha.
• Ilawula futhi ilinganisele izinga lokushisa lomzimba kanye nomfutho wegazi.

Kunezingxenye ezine eziyinhloko zegazi. Lezi zingxenye ezine zisebenza ndawonye ukwenza yonke le misebenzi.

Igazi litholakala kuphi? Lakheka kanjani?

Igazi ligeleza kulo lonke uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi lomzimba wethu. Cabanga ngenhliziyo yethu njengephampu yamanzi. Le phampu ithumela igazi kuwo wonke umzimba ngemithambo yegazi.

• Imithambo yegazi: Lena yimithambo yegazi ethwala igazi elihlanzekile neligcwele umoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke.
• Imithambo: Lena yimithambo ethwala igazi elisetshenzisiwe, elingenawo umoya-mpilo lisuka ezicutshini zomzimba liyise enhliziyweni.
• Ama-capillary: Lawa amapayipi amahle kakhulu axhumanisa imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi. Izakhamzimba nomoya-mpilo kuyashintshaniswa phakathi kwamaseli ngalezi zinhlayiya.

Manje ake sibone ukuthi igazi likhiqizwa kuphi. Ifektri eyinhloko lapho igazi likhiqizwa khona ingaphakathi kwamathambo ethu . Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi umongo wamathambo . Ngaphakathi kwalo mongo wamathambo kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli, olubizwa ngokuthi amaseli okuqala. Wonke amaseli egazini lethu, njengamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi nama-platelet, akhiqizwa kula maseli okuqala. Ngemva kokuba esevuthiwe, ajoyina imithambo yegazi.

Ake sibone ukuthi igazi liquketheni.

Indoda endala inegazi elingamalitha ama-5 emzimbeni wayo. Owesifazane unegazi elingamalitha ama-4. Igazi lenza cishe u-8% wesisindo somzimba wethu. Uma sibheka ukwakheka kwaleli gazi:

• I-Plasma: Lokhu kwakha u-55% kuphela wegazi.
• Amaseli Egazi Abomvu: Lawa akha cishe u-44% wegazi.
• Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi Nama-Platelet: Lawa amabili ndawonye akha inani elincane, cishe i-1%.

I-Plasma

Lolu uketshezi oluphuzi. Lungaphezu kuka-90% wamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaprotheni nosawoti kuyancibilika kulo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-plasma ukuthwala amanye amaseli egazi nezinto ezidingekayo emzimbeni wonke.

Amaseli Egazi Abomvu

Umbala obomvu ubangelwa yiprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin . I-hemoglobin yilokho okuhambisa umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba. Isikhathi sokuphila seseli elibomvu legazi singaba yizinsuku ezingu-120. Njengoba amangqamuzana amadala efa, amangqamuzana amasha akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethambo.

Amaseli Egazi Amhlophe

Lawa ngamasosha esistimu yethu yokuzivikela komzimba . Afana namaphoyisa emizimbeni yethu. Lapho kufika izitha ezifana namagciwane abangela izifo kanye namaseli omdlavuza, lawa maseli amhlophe egazi ayalwa futhi asivikele. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalawa.

Ama-platelet

Lezi yizingcezu zamaseli ezibunjwe njengezingcezu zepuleti. Uma usika isandla sakho, ukuphuma kwegazi kuyayeka ngemva kwesikhashana ngenxa yalezi zingcezu zepuleti. Yizo ezifika ngokushesha zivale inxeba bese zibeka 'iplasta' kulo ukuze zimise ukuphuma kwegazi.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezithinta igazi?

Njengakho konke okunye, igazi lethu lingakhula izifo ezahlukahlukene. Lezi zingahlukaniswa kakhulu ngezigaba ezimbili.

Umdlavuza Wegazi

Umdlavuza wegazi uvela lapho amangqamuzana egazi angajwayelekile eqala ukukhula ngokushesha ngenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezikhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi.

• I-Leukemia
• I-Lymphoma
• I-Myeloma

Ezinye Izinkinga Zegazi

Lezi yizimo ezingezona ezomdlavuza lapho amangqamuzana egazi engakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo ngendlela efanele.

• I-anemia: Lesi yisifo segazi esivame kakhulu. Kalula nje, i-anemia yilapho umzimba ungenawo amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo anele. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge -anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi . Yilolo hlobo oluvame kakhulu.
• Izinkinga Zokugoba Kwegazi: Lezi yizinkinga ngama-platelet, noma amaprotheni asiza ukugoba kwegazi.
• Izinkinga Zokopha: Lesi yisimo lapho igazi lingavimbi khona ngokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungabangela ukopha ngokweqile ngisho noma kungokulimala okuncane. I-Hemophilia iyisibonelo esaziwayo salesi simo.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi kunenkinga ngegazi lakho?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi kunenkinga egazini lakho ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi . Kodwa-ke, umzimba wakho uphinde ukunike izimpawu ezithile.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zenkinga yegazi yilezi:

• Ukukhathala nokukhathala okukhulu: Lokhu kungaba uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-anemia.
• Ukugula kaningi: Uma amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ephansi, amasosha omzimba ayaba buthaka futhi ingozi yokugula iyanda.
• Ukuphuka okungachazeki noma ukuphuma kwegazi ngokweqile ngenxa yokulimala okuncane: Lokhu kungaba uphawu lokubalwa kwama-platelet aphansi.

Enye into i-spleen ekhulisiwe . I-spleen iyisitho esihlunga futhi sihlanze igazi lethu. Uma kunenkinga ngamaseli egazi, kufanele isebenze kanzima futhi ingavuvukala.

Igazi lethu liyinsiza eyigugu kakhulu. Lifana nophethiloli onika imizimba yethu impilo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela impilo yegazi.