Nawe ungasindisa impilo! Ake sifunde ngokunikela ngeBone Marrow.

Wake wacabanga ukuthi umnikelo owodwa ovela kuwe ungasindisa impilo yomunye umuntu ngokuphelele? Yebo, kuyiqiniso. Isipho esibaluleke kakhulu ongasinika umuntu ohlushwa umdlavuza wegazi onzima njenge-leukemia, noma esinye isifo segazi esibi, ukunikela ngomnkantsha wamathambo. Ukuzwa leli gama kungase kuzwakale kuyesabisa kancane, kodwa akulona inkimbinkimbi noma kubuhlungu njengoba ucabanga. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini ngempela ukunikela ngomnkantsha?

Kalula nje, ukunikela ngomnkantsha kuyinqubo yokuthatha ingxenye yomnkantsha womuntu ophilile bese uyinika isiguli esinomnkantsha wethambo ongasasebenzi. Ngaphakathi kwamathambo amakhulu emzimbeni wethu (njengethambo lesinqe), kunezicubu ezithambile, ezithambile. Siwubiza ngokuthi umnkantsha wethambo . Lona yifektri yokwenza igazi emzimbeni wethu. Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, nama-platelet konke kwenziwa ngohlobo olukhethekile lweseli ngaphakathi kwalo mnkantsha wethambo. Siwabiza ngokuthi amangqamuzana okuqala .

Ngakho-ke, ukunikela ngomnkantsha kusho ukuthatha inani elincane loketshezi lomnkantsha oluqukethe lawa maseli ayigugu avela ethanjeni lesinqe somnikeli usebenzisa inaliti ekhethekile. Le nqubo yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ukuze umnikeli angazizwa ubuhlungu.

Kungani abanye abantu bedinga ukufakelwa umnkantsha?

Abanye abantu, ngenxa yezifo abazalwa nazo noma abazitholile, abakwazi ukukhiqiza igazi kahle emnkantsheni wabo wamathambo. Noma, baqala ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana angajwayelekile, njengamaseli omdlavuza.

Ukufakelwa umnkantsha kungadingeka ikakhulukazi ezimweni zezokwelapha ezilandelayo:

• Umdlavuza wegazi: Umdlavuza ofana ne-leukemia kanye ne-lymphoma.
• Izifo zokwehluleka kwe-bone marrow: Isibonelo, esifweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-aplastic anemia, i-bone marrow iyayeka ukukhiqiza noma yimaphi amaseli egazi.
• Ezinye izifo ezizuzwa njenge-thalassemia: Ezifweni ezinjalo, ukufakelwa umnkantsha ngezinye izikhathi kuyisisombululo kuphela.

Uma umongo wethambo wesiguli onesifo ubhujiswa ngokuphelele (nge-chemotherapy noma ngemisebe) bese ushintshwa umongo wethambo ovela kumuntu ophilile, lowo mongo omusha uhlala emzimbeni wesiguli bese uqala ukukhiqiza igazi elinempilo.

Uyithola kanjani ifanelana elifanele?

Lena yingxenye eyinselele kakhulu yenqubo. Akuyena nje umuntu onganikeza omunye umuntu umongo wethambo. Izinhlobo zezicubu zomnikeli kanye nomamukeli kumele zifane ncamashi . Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthiKubizwa ngokuthi ukufanisa i-HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigens).

Kalula nje, i-HLA iyiqoqo lezimpawu zamaprotheni ebusweni bawo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu ezisisiza ukuthi siqaphele ukuthi "lokhu kuyingxenye yomzimba wami." Uma lezi zimpawu zingahambisani kahle, umzimba wesiguli ungabona umongo wethambo osanda kunikelwa njengo "wangaphandle" bese uwulahla.

• Ukufana okuhle kakhulu: Lokhu kufana kwe-HLA kuvame ukwenzeka kakhulu kumfowabo noma udadewabo (cishe u-25%).
• Ngaphandle komndeni: Abantu abangaba ngu-70% abakwazi ukuthola umnikeli ofanelana nomndeni wabo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukuthola umnikeli ofanelana nabo ngokusebenzisa i-International Donor Registries.

Ingabe ubuhlanga bubalulekile lapho unikela ngomnkantsha?

Yebo. Lezi zimpawu ze-HLA zihlobene kakhulu nohlanga kanye nezakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amathuba okuthola umnikeli ofanelana nomuntu wase-Asia aphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwabantu base-Asia kunaphakathi kwabantu baseYurophu. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abanikeli bazo zonke izinhlanga babhaliswe.

Ngingaba yini futhi umuntu ofaka isandla? Yini okudingeka ngiyenze ukuze ngikwenze lokho?

Ukuba ngumnikeli womnkantsha kuyinto enhle kakhulu ongayenza ukuze usindise impilo. ESri Lanka, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ngokuvamile ukuthola umnikeli ofanele emndenini wesiguli. Uma kungekho ilungu lomndeni, odokotela bazama ukuthola umuntu ngokusebenzisa amarejista abanikeli bamazwe ngamazwe.

Uma unesifiso sokuba ngumnikeli, kunezinhlelo zokubhalisa ezisebenza emhlabeni jikelele. Inqubo ngokuvamile ihamba kanje:

1. Ukubhalisa: Uma usubhalisile ngesikhungo esifanele, bazothatha isampula yeseli ngaphakathi komlomo wakho (esihlathini) besebenzisa i-swab.

2. Ukuhlonza uhlobo lwe-HLA: Isampula iyahlolwa, uhlobo lwakho lwe-HLA luyahlonzwa, futhi lolo lwazi lufakwa kusizindalwazi sabo.

3. Ukuthola okuhambisanayo: Uma uhlobo lwakho lwe-HLA lufana nesiguli noma kuphi emhlabeni, bazokuthinta.

4. Isiqinisekiso: Ngemuva kwalokho, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufana kuphelele ku-100%.

5. Umnikelo: Uma konke kulungile, uzoqondiswa enkambisweni yokunikela ngemvume yakho.

Yiziphi izizathu ezingaba khona zokungakwazi ukunikela ngomnkantsha?

Akuwona wonke umuntu onganikela ngomnkantsha. Ezinye izimo zempilo zikwenza ungafaneleki ukuba ngumnikeli. Ezinye zalezi zizathu zibhalwe kuthebula elingezansi.

Lolu hlu aluphelele. Uma unesifiso sokuba ngumnikeli, kungcono ukuxoxa ngesimo sakho sempilo nodokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko.

Inqubo yokunikela yenzeka kanjani?

Uma usuwamukelwe njengomnikeli, isimo sakho sempilo esiphelele sizohlolwa ngaphambi kokuba unikele. Kuzokwenziwa izivivinyo eziningana, njengokuhlolwa kwegazi, i-ECG, kanye ne-X-ray yesifuba.

Yilokhu okwenzekayo ngosuku lokupha:

1. I-Anesthesia: Uyiswa egumbini lokuhlinzwa bese ufakwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ukuze ungezwa lutho.

2. Ukufuthwa komnkantsha: Ngesikhathi ulele ngesisu, odokotela bafaka inaliti ekhethekile engenalutho esikhumbeni esingemuva kwethambo lakho lesinqe bese bekhipha uketshezi lomnkantsha esirinji. Kungadingeka ukuthi ufake inaliti izikhathi eziningana ukuze uthole inani olidingayo.

3. Ubuningi: Ngokuvamile kususwa cishe ama-500 - 1000 ml oketshezi. Nakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale sengathi kunenani elikhulu, kungaphansi kuka-10% womnkantsha wonke emzimbeni wakho.

4. Isikhathi:Yonke inqubo ithatha cishe ihora.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuphuma kwamazinyo? Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphola?

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzoyiswa ekamelweni lokululama. Uma usuphinde waphaphama, ungaya ekhaya emahoreni ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, ngeke ukwazi ukushayela ngalolo suku.

Ngemva komnikelo, ungalindela okulandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu bomhlane kanye nobezinqe: Kungase kube nobuhlungu kanye nokushayeka endaweni yokujova izinsuku ezimbalwa. Lokhu kungelashwa ngemithi yobuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (njengeParacetamol).
• Ukukhathala: Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kancane izinsuku ezimbalwa.
• Ukululama: Iningi labantu lingaqhubeka nemisebenzi yalo evamile zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Umzimba wakho uzokwakha kabusha inani lomnkantsha owasuswa zingakapheli amasonto ambalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bangase batuse ukuthi uthathe izithasiselo zensimbi isikhashana.

Inzuzo enkulu yalokhu ukuthi umnikelo wakho unikeza omunye umuntu ithuba lesibili empilweni. Lowo umuzwa ongenakuqhathaniswa.