Ukhathazekile ngobuhlungu obuqhubekayo noma ukuvuvukala kwethambo endaweni ethile emzimbeni wakho, mhlawumbe engalweni, emlenzeni, noma kwenye indawo? Ungase wesabe. Sonke siyathuthumela kancane lapho sizwa igama elithi "umdlavuza wamathambo." Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sesabe, ake sixoxe ngalesi simo ngamagama alula. Ukwazi konke kahle kuzosisiza ekuqedeni ukwesaba okungadingekile.
Uyini ngempela umdlavuza wamathambo?
Kalula nje, umdlavuza wamathambo yilapho amangqamuzana emathanjeni akho eqala ukukhula ngokushesha futhi engalawuleki. Lena yindlela umdlavuza okhula ngayo noma kuphi emizimbeni yethu.
Kodwa sidinga ukuqonda into ebalulekile lapha: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wamathambo.
1. Umdlavuza Wamathambo Oyinhloko: Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlavuza uqala emaseli ethambo . Empeleni lesi yisimo esingavamile. Sibangela cishe u-1% wazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezibikiwe emhlabeni.
2. Umdlavuza Wethambo Wesibili noma Owe-Metastatic: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umdlavuza oqala kwenye indawo emzimbeni (njengebele, amaphaphu, noma i-prostate) usakazekela emathanjeni kamuva.
Ngakho-ke uyabona, uma uthi umdlavuza wamathambo, akudingeki ukuthi uqale emathanjeni. Ezimweni eziningi, ungavela kwenye indawo.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zomdlavuza eziqala emathanjeni
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza wamathambo oyinhloko. Lezi zihlukile komunye nomunye futhi zithinta amaqembu eminyaka ahlukene. Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lomdlavuza | Ubani ovame ukuthinteka kakhulu? | Amaphuzu abalulekile |
|---|---|---|
| I-Osteosarcoma | Kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abasha abaneminyaka ephakathi kweyi-10-19. | Ingakhula futhi isakazeke ngokushesha. Ivame kakhulu ukuvela emathanjeni amade edolo noma ehlombe. |
| I-Chondrosarcoma | Kuvamile kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ubudala. | Kuqala kumaseli e-cartilage. Kukhula kancane. Ingozi yokusabalala iphansi. |
| I-Sarcoma ka-Ewing | Kuvamile ezinganeni nakubantu abasha abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-19. | Lokhu kungakhula ngokushesha. Kuvame kakhulu ethangeni, emilenzeni, noma ezimbanjeni. |
| I-Chordoma | Kuvamile kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala. | Lolu uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu. Luvela emgogodleni noma esisekelweni sekhanda. Kunzima ukulwelapha ngoba lungasakazeka kalula ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni. |
Ake sifunde futhi ngama-Benign Bone Tumors
Ukuthi nje "unesimila" ethanjeni akusho ukuthi umdlavuza. Kukhona nezimila ezingenawo umdlavuza, ezingenangozi. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-Benign Bone Tumors . Lezi zivame ukubonakala kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-30, ikakhulukazi izingane kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha amathambo abo asakhula. Nakuba lezi zimila zingaba buhlungu ngezinye izikhathi, azisabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, azibhekwa njengomdlavuza.
Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wamathambo?
Ngezinye izikhathi umdlavuza wamathambo ungaba khona ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi utholakala ngengozi lapho kuthathwa i-X-ray ngesinye isizathu. Kodwa-ke, uma kuvela izimpawu, lezi yizona eziyinhloko ezibonakala.
- Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo bamathambo: Lolu uphawu oluvame kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, ubuhlungu bungase bufike budlule, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bungaba buhlala njalo futhi bube bukhulu. Kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza (njenge-Ewing sarcoma), ubuhlungu buba bubi kakhulu ebusuku.
- Ukuvuvukala noma iqhubu: Indawo yobuhlungu ingase iqale ukuvuvukala, noma ingase izwakale njengeqhubu elingabanjwa esandleni.
- Ukuxhuga: Uma unomdlavuza ethanjeni emlenzeni wakho, kungase kudingeke uhambe uxhuga.
- Ukuphuka kwethambo okungalindelekile: Uma ithambo liphuka ngaphandle kwengozi enkulu, njengokuwa okuncane, kungase kube ngenxa yamathambo abuthakathaka ngenxa yomdlavuza.
- Ukuqina kwamalunga:Uma umdlavuza useduze nelunga, kungaba nzima ukugoba noma ukuqondisa lelo lunga.
- Umkhuhlane ongachazeki: Umkhuhlane oqhubekayo.
- Ezinye izimpawu: Ukukhathala nokwehla kwesisindo kungabonakala uma umdlavuza ususakazekile.
Izimila zomgogodla ezifana ne-chordoma zingathinta uhlelo lwezinzwa. Isibonelo, izimpawu ezinjengokubona kabili, ukungazweli kobuso, noma ubunzima bokulawula ukuchama/ukuphuma kwendle kungase kube khona.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma uya kudokotela onezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, uzolandela izinyathelo eziningana ukuze athole ukuthi unesifo esingakanani.
1. Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha: Okokuqala, uzobuzwa ngezimpawu zakho bese umzimba wakho uhlolwa.
2. I-X-ray: Lokhu kuvame ukuba ukuhlolwa kokuqala okwenziwayo. I-X-ray ingahlola noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka noma izimila ethanjeni.
3. Ezinye izikena: Uma kukhona okusolisayo ku-X-ray, lezi zinhlobo zezikena zisetshenziselwa ukuthola imininingwane eyengeziwe.
- I-CT Scan: Ama-X-ray asetshenziselwa ukuthatha izithombe zomzimba ezihlukaniswe izingxenye.
- I-MRI Scan: Isebenzisa insimu yamagnetic ukukhiqiza izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane.
- Ukuskena Kwamathambo: Inani elincane lezinto ezinemisebe lifakwa emzimbeni ukuze kubhekwe izinkinga emathanjeni.
- I-PET Scan: Lokhu kusiza ukuthola ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhona noma kuphi emzimbeni.
4. I-Biopsy: Lolu vivinyo olwenziwa ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo ngokuphelele . Okwenziwa lapha ukuthatha ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu ezivela esigaxeni bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kungakutshela ngqo ukuthi isigaxa sinomdlavuza noma cha, uma sinomdlavuza, siluhlobo luni, nokuthi sikhula ngokushesha kangakanani. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lolu vivinyo lwenziwe ngudokotela wezifo zamathambo ochwepheshe bomdlavuza wamathambo.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Amazinga ama-enzyme athile (i-ALP, i-LDH) angase akhuphuke kumdlavuza wamathambo. Lokhu kusetshenziswa njengenkomba yokuxilongwa.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamathambo kuncike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza, indawo okuyo, izinga osusakazeke ngalo (isigaba), ubudala besiguli, kanye nempilo iyonke. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yokwelashwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu.
Ukuhlinzwa
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza wamathambo ukuhlinzwa . Umgomo uwukususa ngokuphelele isimila esinomdlavuza. Udokotela ohlinzayo ususa isimila kanye nezicubu ezithile ezinempilo ezisizungezile.
- Ukuhlinzwa Kokusindisa Izitho: Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, odokotela bazama ukusindisa isitho/umlenze ngokususa ingxenye yethambo enomdlavuza bese beyishintsha ngensimbi noma ithambo elithathwe kwenye indawo.
- Ukunqunywa kwezicubu: Uma umdlavuza umkhulu kakhulu, noma ususakazekele emithanjeni yegazi ebalulekile kanye nasezinzwa, isitho singase singabi namandla okusinda. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ingxenye yesitho kungadingeka isuswe.
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza umzimba imithi ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kubaluleke kakhulu kumdlavuza ofana ne-osteosarcoma kanye ne-Ewing's Sarcoma. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe isimila futhi kubulawe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana angase asale ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe
Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi i-Ewing's Sarcoma. Kusetshenziswa futhi nasemidlangeni engasebenzi.
Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe
Lezi yizinhlobo ezintsha zemithi. Le mithi ihlose izakhi zofuzo noma amaprotheni athile athinta ukukhula kwamaseli omdlavuza, ngaphandle kokulimaza amaseli aphilile ajwayelekile. Isetshenziselwa umdlavuza ongasabeli kahle ku-chemotherapy, njenge-chordoma.
Ukuphila kanye nokuvuselelwa ngemva kokwelashwa
Ukuvuselelwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ujwayele impilo evamile ngemva kokwelashwa. Ikakhulukazi uma uke wahlinzwa engalweni noma emlenzeni, udinga ukuzivocavoca ngosizo lochwepheshe we-physiotherapist bese ubuyisela ukusebenza kwalowo mlenze. Nakuba lokhu kuyinqubo eyinselele futhi ethatha isikhathi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwenza ngaphandle kokuyigwema.
Futhi, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho ngezikhathi ezithile ngemva kokuqeda ukwelashwa (ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela) . Kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlolwe okungenani njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3-6 eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi unqume ngokushesha ukuthi isifo siyabuya yini.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umdlavuza wamathambo oyinhloko uyisimo esingavamile kakhulu.
- Uma unobuhlungu obungapheli, obungachazeki noma ukuvuvukala ethanjeni, ungakushayi indiva futhi nakanjani ubone udokotela .
- Akuzona zonke izimila ezakha ethanjeni ezibangela umdlavuza. Kukhona nezimila ezingenabungozi.
- Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza wamathambo, futhi izindlela zokwelapha zincike ohlotsheni kanye nesigaba salesi sifo.
- Iningi lomdlavuza wamathambo lingelapheka ngokuphelele uma litholakala kusenesikhathi futhi lelashwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukungesabi ngokungadingekile futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha uma unezimpawu.
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