Wake waba nekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu kangangokuthi lalingenakubekezeleleka? Kwaba sengathi umbani ushaye ikhanda lakho, noma sengathi ibhomu liqhumile? Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ngalezi zinto njengekhanda elibuhlungu elivamile, kodwa zingaba uphawu lwesimo sempilo esibi kakhulu. Esinye isimo esinjalo esidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo yilokho esikhuluma ngakho namuhla, "i-Brain Aneurysm ." Ukuzwa leli gama kungaba yinto eyesabekayo, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuliqaphela.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-aneurysm?
Ake sithi kukhona ipayipi elithwala amanzi. Ingxenye eyodwa yale payipi ibuthakathaka kancane, indala. Bese kuthi, njengoba amanzi egeleza ngokushesha, leyo ngxenye ebuthakathaka iqala ukukhukhumala kancane, njengebhaluni elincane. Kwenzeka into efanayo uma kwenzeka okuthile emthanjeni wegazi, noma emthanjeni wegazi, ngaphakathi kobuchopho bethu.
I-aneurysm yobuchopho, noma njengoba odokotela beyibiza kanjalo, i-cerebral aneurysm, udonga olubuthakathaka emthanjeni ozungeze noma ngaphakathi kobuchopho oluqhuma ngaphansi kwengcindezi yegazi, lwakha iqhubu.
Njalo lapho inhliziyo yethu ishaya, igazi ligeleza ngemithambo yobuchopho ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Njengoba lokhu kucindezela kuqhubeka nokushaya leyo ndawo ebuthaka, kuya ngokuya kuba kukhulu. Njengoba nje siphefumula umoya ebhaluni, uya uncipha futhi ukhulu. Lapho ukhula, kulapho amathuba okuqhuma khona.
Nakuba la ma-aneurysm angakheka noma kuphi ebuchosheni, avame ukwakheka emithanjeni emikhulu esezansi kwekhanda lethu. Abanye abantu (cishe u-10% - 30%) bangase babe nama-aneurysm angaphezu kweyodwa. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi lala ma-aneurysm mancane kakhulu. Awabangeli zimpawu.
Izimpawu ziqala ukuvela kuphela lapho i-aneurysm iba nkulu ngokwanele ukucindezela izicubu zobuchopho noma imizwa ezungezile. Isimo esiyingozi kakhulu yilapho i-aneurysm ivuza igazi noma iqhuma ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungabangela ukopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho.
Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esisongela ukuphila. Uma i-aneurysm ihlala isikhathi eside ngemva kokuqhuma kwayo, kulapho ingozi yokufa noma ukukhubazeka okukhulu iba nkulu khona.
Kwenzekani uma i-aneurysm iqhuma?
Uma i-aneurysm iqhuma, igazi livuza ezicutshini zobuchopho ezizungezile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hemorrhage.Leli gazi libangela ingcindezi eyengeziwe ezicutshini zobuchopho, okubangela ukuba ubuchopho buvuvuke. Uphawu oluyinhloko oluvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yalokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi " ikhanda elibuhlungu elidumayo," ikhanda elibuhlungu elinzima ngokuzumayo, elingacabangeki.
Ukuqhuma kwe-aneurysm kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, njenge:
- Ukopha Okungaphansi Kwe-Subarachnoid (SAH): Lokhu ukopha okuya esikhaleni esiphakathi kobuchopho kanye nolwelwesi oluncane olumboza ubuchopho (ungqimba lwe-arachnoid). Ama-90% alokhu kopha abangelwa ukuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm.
- Isifo Sokusha Kwegazi : Isifo sokusha kwegazi esibangelwa ukopha endaweni ephakathi kogebhezi nobuchopho.
Lezi zimo zingabangela ukulimala kobuchopho okungapheli kanye nezinye izinkinga ezinkulu.
| Inkinga | Kuchazwe kalula |
|---|---|
| I-Vasospasm | Imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni iyavaleka noma inciphe, okunciphisa inani lomoya-mpilo ofinyelela ebuchosheni. |
| I-Hydrocephalus | Ukwanda kwengcindezi ebuchosheni ngenxa yokuqongelela koketshezi lomgogodla (CSF) noma igazi elizungeze ubuchopho. Lokhu sikubiza nangokuthi "i-hydrocephalus." |
| Ukuquleka | Umsebenzi kagesi ongalawuleki ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungalimaza kakhulu ubuchopho uma i-aneurysm iqhuma. |
| I-Coma | Isimo sokungazi lutho, njengobuthongo obujulile, esingahlala amasonto. |
| Ukufa | Ngokudabukisayo, cishe ama-50% okuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm agcina ngokufa. |
Ubani othola ama-aneurysms? Kuvamile kangakanani lokhu?
Lesi simo singakhula kunoma yimuphi ubudala, futhi noma ubani angasithola. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-30 no-60 basengozini enkulu. Futhi, ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi lesi simo sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunakwabesilisa.
Nakuba kungekho datha ethile ngalokhu eSri Lanka, kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-6% wabantu emazweni afana ne-United States bane-aneurysm engaphazamiseki. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lokhu akuyona into engavamile njengoba umuntu engacabanga. Kodwa-ke, ukuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm akuvamile kangako.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-aneurysm?
Izimpawu zalokhu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi i-aneurysm iqhumile noma cha. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kungasiza ekusindiseni impilo yakho.
| Izimpawu zokuqhuma kwe-aneurysm (isimo esiphuthumayo!) | Izimpawu ze-aneurysm engaqhekekanga (enkulu) |
|---|---|
| Uma unalezi zimpawu, hamba uye esibhedlela i-ETU ( i-Emergency Treatment Unit ) ngokushesha! | |
| - Ikhanda elibuhlungu elibi kakhulu, elizumayo empilweni yami (Thunderclap Headache) - Isicanucanu nokuhlanza - Ukuqina kwentamo, ukungakwazi ukugoba - Umbono ofiphele noma umbono ophindwe kabili - Ukungakwazi ukubuka ukukhanya (i-Photophobia) - Ukuba nesifo sokuwa (Ukuquleka) - Ijwabu leso eligobile kanye neso elimnyama elikhulisiwe - Ubuhlungu ngenhla nangemuva kweso - Ukuphelelwa yithemba, ukungahlaliseki - Ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka engxenyeni ethile yomzimba - Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo | - Ubuhlungu bekhanda (okuvamile noma okungajwayelekile) - Izinguquko embonweni - Ukwandiswa kwenhlamvu yeso - Ukuba ndikindiki ekhanda noma ebusweni - Ubuhlungu ngenhla nangemuva kweso - Ngezinye izikhathi kuyafika ukufaneleka. |
Ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba i-aneurysm iqhume, ingavuza igazi elincane. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-sentinel bleeding . Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ikhanda eliyisixwayiso (i-sentinel headache) lingase livele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa noma amasonto ngaphambi kwekhanda elikhulu. Uma unekhanda elingavamile nelinzima, ungalokothi ulishaye indiva. Bona udokotela ngokushesha.
Kungani kwakheka la ma-aneurysm? Yiziphi izici eziyingozi?
Ama-aneurysm akheka lapho izindonga zemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni ziba zincane futhi zibuthakathaka. Ngokuvamile zenzeka ezindaweni ezihlanganisa imithambo yegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu uzalwa enobuthakathaka odongeni lwemithambo yegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izinto eziningi ezingathinta lokhu.
Izinto ezivela ku-fuction
Lezi yizinto esingenakuzilawula futhi zizuzwe njengefa.
- Ezinye izimo zofuzo: Isibonelo, `I-Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome`, `I-Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease`, `I-Marfan syndrome`, `I-Fibromuscular dysplasia`.
- Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi kuyisixhumanisi esingajwayelekile phakathi kwemithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni.
- Uma ilungu lomndeni eliseduze (umama, ubaba, umfowabo noma udadewabo) libe ne-aneurysm, nawe usengozini enkulu.
Indlela yethu yokuphila kanye nezinye izimo zempilo
Lezi yizinto esingazishintsha futhi sizilawule.
- Ukubhema: Lesi isitha esikhulu esonakalisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi.
- Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme: Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongalawuleki ubangela ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa: Ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa ezifana ne-cocaine.
- Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.
Yiziphi izimbangela zokuqhuma kwe-aneurysm?
Izinto ezifanayo ezifaka isandla ekwakhekeni kwe-aneurysm nazo zinegalelo ekuqhekekeni kwayo. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophezulu yimbangela eyinhloko yokuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm. Lapho umfutho wegazi ukhuphuka, igazi lisunduza ngamandla ezindongeni zomthambo.
Uma umfutho wegazi ukhuphuka ngokuzumayo futhi i-aneurysm ingaqhuma:
- Umuzwa onamandla, njengokucindezeleka okuqhubekayo noma ukuqhuma kwentukuthelo ngokuzumayo.
- Umzamo odingekayo ukuphakamisa into esindayo (lapho uphakamisa izinsimbi, uthutha ifenisha).
- Ukwazi ukuthi unomfutho wegazi ophakeme kodwa awusebenzisi imithi efanele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezifana nosayizi, ukuma, kanye nendawo ye-aneurysm nazo zithinta ukuthi izoqhuma noma cha.
Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo?
Abantu abaningi abane-aneurysms engakaqhekeki abazi nokuthi banayo. Ngokuvamile itholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kobuchopho nge-MRI noma nge-CT ngesinye isizathu.
Kodwa-ke, uma uzwa izimpawu zokuqhuma kwe-aneurysm (ikakhulukazi lelo khanda elibuhlungu kakhulu), kufanele uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha. Lapho, odokotela bazokwenza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona yini ukopha.
- I-CT (Computed Tomography) Scan: Lokhu kungahlola ngokushesha ukopha ebuchosheni. Ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa i-scan ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-`CT Angiogram (CTA)`, engenza izithombe ezicacile zemithambo yegazi.
- Iskena se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kungaveza izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi zobuchopho nemithambo yegazi.
- I-Cerebral Angiography: Kulokhu, udokotela wezinzwa ufaka ithubhu elincane (i-catheter) nge-groin noma esihlakaleni, aliqondise emithanjeni yegazi yobuchopho, futhi ahlole ngokunembile indawo, usayizi, kanye nesimo se-aneurysm.
- Ukuhlolwa koketshezi lomgogodla (CSF): Ukubhoboza kwe-lumbar kungabona ukopha okuzungeze ubuchopho.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukuvimba ukuphuma kwegazi ku-aneurysm. I-aneurysm ephukile iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo. Ukuthi uzoyilapha noma cha i-aneurysm engaphukile kuncike esimweni sakho.
Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko
1. Ukusika Imithambo Yegazi Emincane: Lokhu kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa evulekile. Udokotela ohlinzayo wezinzwa uvula imbobo encane ekhanda bese eya endaweni lapho kukhona khona i-aneurysm. Bese kuthi, njenge-clothespin, kube ne-clip encane yensimbi entanyeni ye-aneurysm, inqamule ngokuphelele ukugeleza kwegazi kuyo.
2. Ukugoqana Kwemithambo Yegazi: Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza ukusika okuncane. Ithubhu elincane (i-catheter) elifakwa nge-groin noma esihlakaleni lisetshenziselwa ukufaka ama-wire coil amancane kakhulu ku-aneurysm. La ma-coil abangela ukwakheka kwe-blood clot ngaphakathi kwe-aneurysm, okumisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuyo.
3. Ama-Flow Diversion Stents: Lokhu kwenziwa ngaphandle kokusikwa. Ipayipi elifana ne-mesh (stent) lifakwa emthanjeni wegazi lapho kukhona khona i-aneurysm. Lokhu kuqondisa ukugeleza kwegazi ngqo emthanjeni, kudlule i-aneurysm.
Yini oyenzayo nge-aneurysm engakaqhekeki?
Uma une-aneurysm encane, engenazimpawu futhi ingenazo ezinye izinto eziyingozi, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukungayilaphi.
Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi kufanele ukhohlwe ngakho. Kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlolwe njalo ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini ushintsho. Futhi, uma ubhema, uzokwaziswa ukuthi uyeke futhi ugcine umfutho wegazi lakho ulawulwa .
Isinqumo sokuhlinzwa noma cha senziwa ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa iminyaka yakho, impilo yakho iyonke, usayizi nendawo ye-aneurysm, kanye nomlando womndeni wakho. Khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
Ungathini ngekusasa?
Uma kwenzeka i-aneurysm eqhumile, umphumela uncike eminyakeni yakho, impilo, inani legazi elilahlekile, nokuthi uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha kangakanani. Ngokudabukisayo, cishe abantu abangu-25% bafa zingakapheli amahora angu-24 benesifo se-aneurysm eqhumile. Izinga lokufa licishe libe ngu-50% zingakapheli izinyanga ezintathu.
Cishe ama-66% abasindile ahlushwa uhlobo oluthile lokulimala kobuchopho okungapheli. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokuvuselelwa okuhle , abanye bayalulama benokukhubazeka okuncane noma bengenakho nhlobo.
Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abane-aneurysms encane, engaphazamisekile baphila impilo ende ngaphandle kwezimpawu noma imiphumela evela kukho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-aneurysm yobuchopho yindawo ebuthakathaka emthanjeni wegazi ebuchosheni evuvukala njengebhaluni.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo, elinzima (ikhanda elibuhlungu 'elidumayo') liwuphawu olukhulu lokuqhuma kwe-aneurysm. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
- Iningi lama-aneurysm angakaqhekeki alibangeli zimpawu futhi kungenzeka lingadingi ukwelashwa.
- Ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukugwema ukubhema, nokugwema ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa yizinto ezinhle kakhulu ongazenza ukuze unciphise le ngozi.
- Uma utholakale une-aneurysm, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezingozi zakho, izinketho zokwelapha, kanye nokuphathwa ukuze wenze izinqumo ezifanele.
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