Zicabange ngokuzumayo uphathwa yikhanda elibuhlungu ngendlela ongakaze ube nayo empilweni yakho. Kanye nalokho, uzizwa unesizungu futhi unesicanucanu. Akuwona umqondo omuhle ukumane ungazinaki into efana nale. Ngoba lokhu kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi njengokuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni. Lesi yisimo esidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Ngakho ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokucacile namuhla.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukopha kobuchopho?
Ukopha kobuchopho, okwaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi "Ukopha Kwangaphakathi Kwekhanda," kuyopha ngaphakathi kwekhanda lakho. Lolu uhlobo lwesifo sohlangothi .
Ubuchopho bethu abukwazi ukugcina umoya-mpilo wodwa. Ngakho-ke, budinga ukuhlinzekwa njalo komoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba ukuze busebenze. Lo msebenzi wenziwa yinethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi ethambile ebuchosheni bonke. Lapho ubuchopho buphuma igazi, igazi liyavuza komunye wale mithambo yegazi noma umthambo wegazi uyaqhuma.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, igazi liqala ukuhlangana ngaphakathi kwekhanda. Leli gazi elihlanganayo libeka ingcindezi enkulu ebuchosheni. Lokhu kucindezela kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana obuchopho ayeke ukuthola umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba azidingayo, bese lawo maseli eqala ukufa.
Khumbula, amangqamuzana ethu obuchopho angaphila isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, cishe imizuzu emithathu kuya kwemine, ngaphandle komoya-mpilo. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esingasongela impilo. Uma ukwelashwa kusheshe kutholakale, umphumela uba ngcono.
Lesi simo sivame kakhulu ngemva kwengozi, njengokuwa noma ukushaywa ekhanda. Sivame kakhulu nakubantu abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawulwa kahle.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokopha ebuchosheni?
Nakuba kubizwa ngokuthi "ukopha ebuchosheni," lokhu kuyindaba ebanzi kakhulu kodokotela. Ngoba kuhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana kuye ngokuthi ukopha kwenzeka kuphi ngaphakathi kogebhezi. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kubaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni ukwelashwa.
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi yini engaphakathi kwekhanda. Phakathi kobuchopho bethu namathambo ekhanda, kukhona isembozo esivikelayo sezingxenyana ezintathu ezincane. Sibiza lezi ngokuthi "ama-meninges". Lezi zingxenyana ezintathu ziyi-"dura mater" ngaphandle, i-"arachnoid" ephakathi, kanye ne-"pia mater" enamathela ebuchosheni uqobo. Ukopha kungenzeka phakathi kwalezi zingxenyana noma ngaphakathi kwezicubu zobuchopho.
Kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko kuye ngokuthi ukopha kukuphi:
1. Ngaphakathi kwekhanda, kodwa ngaphandle kwezicubu zobuchopho.
2. Ngaphakathi kwezicubu zobuchopho uqobo.
| Uhlobo lokopha | Incazelo elula yendawo |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukopha ngaphandle kwezicubu zobuchopho | |
| Ukopha kwe-Epidural | Ukopha phakathi kwethambo lekhanda kanye ne-membrane yangaphandle evikelayo (i-dura mater). |
| Ukopha okungaphansi kwesifunda | Ukopha phakathi kwe-membrane yangaphandle (i-dura mater) kanye ne-membrane ephakathi (i-arachnoid). |
| Ukopha kwe-Subarachnoid | Ukopha phakathi kwengqimba ephakathi (i-arachnoid) kanye ne-membrane encane (i-pia mater) emboza ubuchopho uqobo. |
| 2. Ukopha ngaphakathi kwezicubu zobuchopho | |
| Ukopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho | Ukopha okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwezicubu zobuchopho uqobo, isibonelo kuma-lobes obuchopho, i-cerebellum, noma i-brainstem. |
| Ukopha kwegazi ngaphakathi kwe-ventricular | Ukopha kungene ema-ventricles, izikhala ezingenalutho ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Lezi zimbobo yilapho kukhiqizwa khona uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal oluvikela ubuchopho kanye nentambo yomgogodla. |
Ziyini izimpawu zokuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni?
Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngohlobo nendawo yokopha. Kodwa kunezimpawu ezithile ezivamile ezingabonakala. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ehlangabezana nenye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
| Isigaba sezimpawu | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezenzeka ngokuzumayo | |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu | Ikhanda elibuhlungu eliqhumayo, elibi kakhulu engake ngabhekana nalo empilweni yami. Abantu abaningi bathi lesi yisibonakaliso sokuqala. |
| Ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba | Ukuba ndikindiki, ubuthakathaka, noma ukulahlekelwa ukulawula uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso, ingalo, noma umlenze. |
| Ezinye izimpawu eziphuthumayo |
|
| Izimpawu ezingathi sína ezengeziwe ezingase zenzeke | |
| Izinguquko embonweni | Ukulahlekelwa umbono, ukubona okubili, noma ukubona okufiphele. |
| Ezinye izici zomzimba |
|
Yini ebangela ukopha ebuchosheni?
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani umthambo wegazi ebuchosheni ungase uvuza igazi noma uqhume.
- Ukulimala ekhanda: Lokhu kungenzeka uma ikhanda lishayeka kakhulu, njengasekuweni, engozini yemoto, noma kwenye ingozi ngesikhathi udlala imidlalo.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Lena yimbangela evame kakhulu. Uma umfutho wegazi ungalawulwa isikhathi eside, izindonga zemithambo yegazi ethambile ebuchosheni zingaba buthaka futhi ziqhume.
- I-Atherosclerosis: Ama-fat deposits anqwabelana ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, okwenza ukuthi ivaleke.
- I-cerebral aneurysm: Ubuthakathaka bodonga lomthambo wegazi ebuchosheni, okubangela ukuba luvuvuke njengebhaluni. Lokhu kungaqhuma ngokuzumayo.
- Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi (AVM): Isimo sokuzalwa lapho imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi kuhlangene khona ngendlela engavamile. Lokhu kungavuza igazi.
- Isimila sobuchopho: Izimila ebuchosheni zingacindezela imithambo yegazi ezungezile futhi zibangele ukuphuma kwegazi.
- Ama-blood thinner/Anticoagulants: Le mithi, enikezwa ezinye izifo zenhliziyo, yandisa kancane ingozi yokopha.
- Ukubhema nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.
Lokhu kutholakala futhi kwelashwa kanjani?
Uma ungeniswa esibhedlela, udokotela uzokuxilonga ngokushesha. Uzohlola izimpawu zakho, ukuqonda kwakho, kanye namandla akho omzimba.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uzothunyelwa ekuhlolweni kwezithombe ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini ukopha, futhi uma kunjalo, kuphi, nokuthi kukhulu kangakanani.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Lokhu kungathatha isithombe sangaphakathi lekhanda ngokushesha futhi kuhlole ukopha.
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kungaveza izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane eminingi zezicubu zobuchopho.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-ECG kungenziwa ukuthola imbangela yokopha.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela, indawo, kanye nosayizi wokopha. Umgomo oyinhloko ukumisa ukopha nokunciphisa ingcindezi ebuchosheni.
1. Izinhlobo zemithi:
- Umuthi wokulawula umfutho wegazi.
- Umuthi wokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho.
- Umuthi wokuvimba ukuxhuzula.
- Umuthi wobuhlungu nokukhathazeka.
2. Ukuhlinzwa:
- Kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe igazi eliqongelelekile futhi kuncishiswe ingcindezi. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukwenza imbobo encane ekhanda ukuze kukhishwe igazi (ukususwa kwengcindezi) noma ukususa ingxenye yekhanda okwesikhashana ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi (ukuhlinzwa kwe-craniectomy).
- Uma imbangela yokopha kuyi-aneurysm noma i-AVM, kuzodingeka nokuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe.
Isiguli sigcinwa egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) kuze kube yilapho isimo saso sizinzile, futhi izinto ezifana nokuphefumula kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo kuhlale kuqashwe.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa? Ingabe ukuvuselelwa kuyadingeka?
Yebo, ukuvuselelwa kuvame ukudingeka ngoba lapho ubuchopho bonakalisiwe, eminye yemisebenzi yomzimba ingathinteka. Isibonelo:
- Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma nokuqonda amagama.
- Izinkinga ngokuhamba kanye nokulinganisela.
- Ukulahlekelwa ukuphila engxenyeni yomzimba (ukukhubazeka).
- Izinkinga zokubona.
Ukuvuselelwa kusiza ekubuyiseleni kancane kancane la makhono alahlekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngenkulumo, kanye nokwelashwa ngokomsebenzi. Kufana nokwakha amandla futhi. Ukuzinikela kwesiguli nomndeni waso kubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu.
Ingabe zikhona izinto esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi?
Asikwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ezinye izimbangela, njengezingozi, kodwa ngokwenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila, singayinciphisa kakhulu ingozi yalesi simo esibi.
- Lawula umfutho wegazi lakho: Uma unengcindezi yegazi ephezulu, thatha imithi udokotela wakho ayinikeza ngesikhathi. Hlola umfutho wegazi lakho njalo.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo: Nciphisa usawoti, uwoyela, noshukela. Faka imifino eminingi, izithelo, kanye nemifino eluhlaza ekudleni kwakho.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
- Uma unesifo sikashukela, silawule kahle.
- Zivikele ezingozini: Gqoka ibhande lesihlalo uma ugibela izimoto kanye nesigqoko sokuzivikela uma ugibela amabhayisikili/izithuthuthu.
Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungalibali okwesikhashana. Ungazami ukuzelapha ekhaya noma ulinde. Iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha okukhulu. Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu lapha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukopha ebuchosheni uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwesifo sohlangothi. Kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esingasongela impilo.
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko ikhanda elibuhlungu elinzima elingazelelwe, ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, ubunzima bokukhuluma, kanye nokudideka.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ungachithi isikhathi bese uthatha isiguli usiyise e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
- Ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukugwema ukubhema, kanye nokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo kunganciphisa ingozi.
- Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokuvuselelwa okulandelayo kungandisa amathuba esiguli okululama.
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