Ingabe ingane yakho inesimila sobuchopho? (Isimila Sobuchopho) Ake sithole ngalokhu ngaphandle kokwethuka!

Mama, Baba, ingabe ingane yakho encane ivame ukuba nekhanda elibuhlungu? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi iyahlanza ekuseni? Noma usanda kubona ushintsho olukhulu oluzumayo ekuziphatheni noma enkulumweni yengane yakho? Kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuzizwa wesaba noma ukhathazekile uma uzwa noma ubona into efana nale. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinhlungu ezibuhlungu noma ukuhlanza okuwuphawu lwesifo esiyingozi. Kodwa-ke, nakuba kungavamile, ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba izimpawu zesimo esifana nesimila sobuchopho sezingane . Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane eyengeziwe namuhla, ngendlela ongayiqonda, nangendlela elula kakhulu.

Iyini isimila sobuchopho kulaba bantwana abancane?

Kalula nje, ubuchopho bethu bakhiwe yizigidi zamangqamuzana. Ngezinye izikhathi lawa maseli obuchopho aqala ukukhula ngendlela engavamile futhi engalawuleki. Yilapho-ke kwakheka khona isimila, noma lokho esikubiza ngokuthi "i-Neoplasm," ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi izinguquko ezithile zenzeka ezizakhini zofuzo zamangqamuzana obuchopho. Lezi zinguquko zofuzo yizo ezibangela ukuba iseli eliphilile liziphathe ngendlela engavamile futhi libe isimila.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zimila zobuchopho:

• Akuyona ingozi noma imbi: Lawa akuwona amangqamuzana anomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, uma ekhula ngaphakathi kobuchopho, angacindezela izingxenye ezibalulekile zobuchopho futhi abangele izinkinga.
• Okuyingozi Noma Okunomdlavuza: Lawa yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi amathumba. Angakhula ngokushesha futhi asakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho noma ngezinye izikhathi kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Lesi simo singavela enganeni yanoma yimuphi ubudala, kusukela esemncane kakhulu kuya emdala kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nasebudaleni.

Zivame kangakanani izimila zobuchopho ezinganeni?

Eqinisweni, izimila zobuchopho ziwuhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu ezinganeni . Ngokwezibalo, izinkulungwane zezingane zitholakala zinalesi simo minyaka yonke. Kungase kuzwakale kuyesabisa kancane, kodwa khumbula, uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi futhi kwelashwa kahle, amathuba okululama aphezulu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamathumba ezingabonakala ebuchosheni bezingane?

Kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezimila zobuchopho ezinganeni. Zihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwamaseli obuchopho aqala kuwo. Nazi ezinye zezigaba eziyinhloko:

• Ama-glioma
• Izimila ze-embryonic
• Izimila zephayini
• I-Craniopharyngiomas
• Amathumba esisele samagciwane
• Izimila ze-Choroid plexus
• AmaSchwannoma
• Ama-Meningioma

Manje ake sibheke kalula ngayinye yalezi.

1. Ama-glioma

Lezi yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezimila zobuchopho ezinganeni. Eqinisweni, cishe ingxenye yazo zonke izimila zobuchopho ezinganeni ziwela kulesi sigaba. Zivela kumaseli e-glial ebuchosheni.Amaseli e-Glial awuhlobo lweseli olusekela, londle, futhi luvikele ama-neurons ebuchosheni. Amanye ama-glioma angakhula kancane (asezingeni eliphansi), kanti amanye angakhula ngokushesha futhi abe nolaka (asezingeni eliphezulu).

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-glioma:

• I-Astrocytoma: Lokhu kuqala ohlotsheni lweseli le-glial elibizwa ngokuthi ama-astrocyte. Lawa mathumba angakhula ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni. Amanye akhula kancane, kanti amanye akhula ngokushesha.
• I-Oligodendroglioma: Lokhu kuqala kumaseli e-glial abizwa ngokuthi ama-oligodendrocytes. Lawa avame ukutholakala engxenyeni engaphandle yobuchopho.
• Izimila ze-Neuroglial: Lezi ziqukethe amangqamuzana e-glial kanye namangqamuzana e-neuronal. Zingakhula ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni futhi zingabangela ukuquleka njalo.
• I-Ependymoma: Lezi zimila ziqala kumaseli e-ependymal azungeze imigodi egcwele uketshezi (ama-ventricles) ngaphakathi kobuchopho.

2. Izimila ze-embryonic

Lezi zimila ziqala kumaseli e-fetus noma e-embryonic ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Ziyizimila ezinomdlavuza futhi zingavela kunoma yimuphi ubudala, kodwa zivame kakhulu ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane .

Amanye amantongomane ayinhloko alolu hlobo yile:

• I-Medulloblastoma: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesimila seseli legciwane. Luqala ku-cerebellum, etholakala ngemuva kobuchopho.
• I-Medulloepithelioma: Lesi isimila esingavamile kakhulu, esikhula ngokushesha. Sivame ukubonakala ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane.
• Isimila se-teratoid/rhabdoid esingavamile (ATRT): Lokhu nakho akuvamile. Sivame ukuqala ku-cerebellum yezingane ezincane kakhulu.
• Isimila se-embryonal esinezingqimba eziningi (i-ETMR): Lesi isimila sobuchopho esibi ebuntwaneni esenzeka ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi.

3. Izimila zephayini

Lezi zimila zikhula endlaleni yephayini. Le ndlala itholakala phakathi nobuchopho. I-hormone i-melatonin ikhishwa yile ndlala. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezimila eziqala endlaleni yephayini. Lezi zingaba ezingezona umdlavuza (ezingemnandi) noma ezibangela umdlavuza (eziyingozi).

Izinhlobo zezimila ze-pineal gland ezingavela ezinganeni:

• I-Pineoblastoma: Lolu uhlobo olunamandla kakhulu lwesimila segciwane. Lungasakazeka ngokushesha ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni.
• Izimila ze-pineal parenchymal: Lezi izimila ezinolaka oluphakathi nendawo. Uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi, zingase zigcinelwe esifundeni se-pineal.
• Amathumba amangqamuzana egciwane:Lokhu kwakheka ngezicubu zombungu ezisele endlaleni ye-pineal.

4. I-Craniopharyngiomas

Lezi yizimila ezingezona umdlavuza eziqala eduze kwendlala ye-pituitary . Zikhula kusukela ezicutshini zombungu zendlala ye-pituitary. Ama-craniopharyngioma angaba aqinile, aqinile, noma axube kokubili. Amanye akhula kancane, kanti amanye akhula ngokushesha.

Lezi zimila zingacindezela indlala ye-pituitary. Ubuwazi ukuthi indlala ye-pituitary ikhiqiza ama-hormone alawula izinto ezifana nokukhula, umfutho wegazi, kanye nokuzala? Lezi zimila zingacindezela nengxenye ebalulekile yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuthi i-hypothalamus . I-hypothalamus ilawula izinto eziningi njengokushisa komzimba, uketshezi lomzimba, kanye nemizwa. Izinzwa ze-optic nazo zingacindezelwa, okungabangela izinkinga zokubona.

5. Amathumba amangqamuzana egciwane

Lezi yizimila ezinomdlavuza eziqala kumaseli ombungu abizwa ngokuthi amaseli "amagciwane". Ngesikhathi sesigaba sombungu, lawa maseli amagciwane aphuma ebuchosheni akhe ama-ovari noma ama-testes. Kodwa-ke, amangqamuzana amagciwane ahlala ngaphakathi ebuchosheni ngezinye izikhathi angaba umdlavuza futhi akhe izimila zamaseli amagciwane. Lawa mathumba angasakazeka futhi aye emgogodleni kanye noketshezi lomgogodla (CSF).

6. Izimila ze-Choroid plexus

Lezi zimila ziqala ku -choroid plexus, izicubu ezimboze ama-ventricles obuchopho. Zingaba zingenabungozi (njenge-choroid plexus papilloma) noma zibe nomdlavuza (njenge-choroid plexus carcinoma). Ama-papilloma e-choroid plexus papilloma angavamile ayizimila ezinolaka oluphakathi. Zingaba nomdlavuza uma zingelashwa.

7. AmaSchwannoma

Lezi zimila ziqala kumaseli eSchwann, amboza imizwa ebuchosheni. Lezi zinhlobo zezimila zivame ukukhula eduze kwemizwa ehilelekile ekuzweni nasekulinganiseni. Uma zikhula eduze komgogodla, zingabangela ubuthakathaka nezinkinga zokuzwa. AmaSchwannoma ngokuvamile awawona umdlavuza (angabi yingozi), kodwa ngezinye izikhathi angaba umdlavuza (ayingozi).

8. Ama-Meningioma

Lolu futhi uhlobo lwesimila sobuchopho, kodwa aluvamile ezinganeni. Ama-meningioma aqala ezingxeni ezizungeze ubuchopho, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-meninges . Angangena ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni. Ama-meningioma amaningi awawona umdlavuza, kodwa angakhula abe makhulu ngokwanele ukuba asongele impilo.

Cabanga nje, uhlobo ngalunye lwalezi zinhlobo luhlukile. Yingakho izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kuhlukile.

Yini ebangela umdlavuza wobuchopho?

Ososayensi abakakazi kahle ukuthi kungani amangqamuzana anempilo ekhula ngokungalawuleki futhi akhe amathumba. Kodwa-ke, kunezici eziningana okucatshangwa ukuthi zidlala indima:

• Izinguquko zofuzo ezizakhini zofuzo zeseli.
• Ifa lezakhi zofuzo ezakha umdlavuza.
• Njengoba ngithole ukwelashwa ngemisebe komunye umdlavuza esikhathini esidlule.

Kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinye izimila zobuchopho zasebuntwaneni kanye neqembu lezinkinga zempilo ezibonakala zihlobene ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-cancer syndromes. Ochwepheshe basacwaninga ngalokhu kuxhumana.

Ezinye izifo zomdlavuza ezingaba nalokhu kuxhumana yilezi:

• I-Li-Fraumeni syndrome
• Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis I
• Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis II
• I-Tuberous sclerosis
• Isifo sikaVon-Hippel Lindau
• I-Nevus basal cell carcinoma syndrome noma i-Gorlin syndrome
• I-Cowden syndrome
• I-Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
• I-Lynch syndrome

Ziyini izimpawu zesimila sobuchopho enganeni?

Izimpawu zesimila sobuchopho zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwesimila, ubukhulu baso, ukuthi sikhula ngokushesha kangakanani, nokuthi sitholakala kuphi ebuchosheni. Ngakho-ke akuzona zonke izingane ezizoba nezimpawu ezifanayo. Kodwa-ke, nazi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile:

• Ukulala ngokweqile.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elivela ekuseni bese liphela ngemva kokuhlanza kwengane.
• Ukwanda kosayizi wekhanda (ukujikeleza kwekhanda) ezinganeni.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nekhanda elibuhlungu hhayi isifo sohudo.
• Ubunzima bokubona, ukuzwa, noma ukukhuluma.
• Izinkinga zokulinganisela (ukukhubeka lapho uhamba, ukuzizwa sengathi usuzowa).
• Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana kwezingxenye zomzimba (njengobunzima bokubamba izinto, ubunzima bokulawula izitho).
• Izinguquko ezingazelelwe ekuziphatheni (njengokuba nenkani kakhulu kunangaphambili, ukuthukuthela kalula).
• Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lwengalo, umlenze, noma umzimba wengane.
• Ukuquleka.

Uma ingane yakho inesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lezi akuzona njalo izimpawu zesimila sobuchopho, kodwa kuwukuhlakanipha ukuya kohlolwa.

Uyithola kanjani i-tumor yobuchopho enganeni encane?

Uma udokotela esola ukuthi ingane inomdlavuza wobuchopho, uzoyala ukuhlolwa okuningana. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela uzohlola impilo yengane iyonke. Uzobuza ngezimpawu zengane, umlando wezokwelapha womuntu siqu, kanye nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwemizwa: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukuthi ubuchopho bengane busebenza kanjani. Kuhlola izinto ezifana nesimo sengqondo, ibhalansi, ukuhambisana, imizwa, kanye nokusabela okubonakalayo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Udokotela angase a-ode ukuhlolwa ukuze athole izithombe ezinemininingwane zobuchopho bengane yakho kanye/noma umgogodla. Isibonelo , ukuskena kwe-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), ukuskena kwe-CT (Computed Tomography), noma ukuskena kwe-PET (Positron Emission Tomography) . Ngezinye izikhathi, into ekhethekile ingafakwa emthanjeni wegazi wengane yakho ngaphambi kwalokhu kuhlolwa. Lokhu kusiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuba avele ngokucacile kuskena.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kukhona ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-serum marker . Lokhu kungalinganisa izinto ezihlobene nomdlavuza (ama-tumor markers) emzimbeni wengane.
• I-Biopsy: I-biopsy ihilela ukuthatha isampula encane yezicubu ezivela esimila bese kuhlolwa amaseli ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Yilokhu okusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi hlobo luni lwesimila nokuthi sinomdlavuza noma cha.
• Ukubhoboza umgogodla/Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar: Kule nqubo, udokotela ufaka inaliti ekhethekile emhlane wengane yakho bese esusa inani elincane loketshezi (CSF) oluzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla. Uketshezi lube seluhlolwa amaseli angajwayelekile.

Uma lezi zivivinyo zithola amangqamuzana angajwayelekile, ithimba lezokwelapha lizonquma ukuthi isimila asiyona ingozi noma sinomdlavuza. Bangase futhi banikeze isimila izinga ukuze kutholakale ubukhali baso nokuthi sikhula ngokushesha kangakanani:

• Izimila zebanga loku-1: Amaseli ezimila afana kakhulu namaseli avamile.
• Izimila zebanga lesi-2: Zikhula kancane futhi cishe azisabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Amaseli ezimila awavamile.
• Izimila zebanga lesi-3 noma lesi-4: Lezi izimila eziyingozi. Zinolaka kakhulu futhi zinethuba elikhulu lokusabalala kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho. Amaseli abonakala engajwayelekile.

Ziphathwa kanjani izimila zobuchopho ezinganeni?

Uma isimila sobuchopho sinomdlavuza noma sibangela ingane yakho ukuthi ibe nezimpawu ezingakhululekile, ingane yakho izodinga ukwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kuncike ezicini ezifana nohlobo lwesimila, ukuthi sitholakala kuphi, nokuthi sisakazeke ngokushesha kangakanani . Izinketho zokwelapha zingafaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ukuze kususwe yonke noma ingxenye yesimila, noma kususwe uketshezi olubangela ingcindezi ebuchosheni.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa okuqondiwe, ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy, noma eminye imithi: Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuqeda izimpawu.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe:Ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza kusetshenziswa imisebe enamandla aphezulu.
• Ukuvuselelwa: Uma isimila sithinte inkulumo yengane, ibhalansi, noma amanye amakhono, okusiza ekubuyiseleni lawo makhono.

Iyini inhloso yokululama kwezingane ezinezimila zobuchopho?

Isibikezelo sokululama ezinganeni ezinezimila zobuchopho siyahlukahluka kakhulu. Kunezici eziningana ezithinta lokhu:

• Ubudala bomntwana kanye nempilo yakhe jikelele.
• Indawo lapho kukhona khona isimila ebuchosheni.
• Usayizi wesimila.
• Izinga lesithelo.
• Uhlobo lwesimila.
• Impumelelo yokwelashwa ekususeni lonke noma ingxenye yesimila.
• Ukuthi isimila sesisabalale yini kwezinye izindawo.

Isimila esikhulu nesinamandla singasongela ukuphila, kodwa ngenxa yentuthuko ekuxilongweni nasekwelashweni, izingane ziyalulama ngokwengeziwe.

Ingabe isimila sobuchopho sobuntwana singabuya ngemva kokwelashwa?

Yebo, isimila sobuchopho esavela ebuntwaneni singaphinde sivele ebuntwaneni noma ebudaleni.

Ukuphinda kuvele kusho ukuthi kungakheka isimila esisha, esihlukile, noma amanye amangqamuzana angajwayelekile ashiywe ebuchosheni ngemva kokwelashwa angakhula futhi futhi isimila esidala singakhula futhi.

Ingabe zikhona izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wobuchopho ebuntwaneni?

Ngenxa yokuthi ososayensi abakaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi yini ebangela izimila zobuchopho, okwamanje azikho izindlela eziqinisekisiwe zokuzivimbela.

Yini okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela mayelana nomdlavuza wobuchopho wengane yami?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza ithimba lezokwelapha lengane yakho le mibuzo:

• Ikuphi ithumba lobuchopho?
• Ingabe icindezela ezindaweni ezizungezile zobuchopho?
• Ingabe lokhu kuyingozi noma kuyingozi?
• Ingabe lokhu kusakazekele kwezinye izindawo, noma kungenzeka ukuthi kusakazeke?
• Lingakanani izinga lesithelo?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Yiziphi izingozi nemiphumela emibi yalezo zindlela zokwelapha?
• Amathuba okuthi lokhu kubuye ngemva kokwelashwa angakanani?
• Ingabe ingane yami inesifo somdlavuza esingadala ezinye izinkinga zempilo?

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ushaqekile lapho uthola ukuthi ingane yakho inesimila sobuchopho. Ungase ungazi ukuthi uzophendukela kubani ukuze uthole usizo, ukuthi wenzeni, noma ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani naso. Kodwa awuwedwa. Kunezinsiza eziningi namaqembu okusekela atholakalayo ukusiza, ukukhuluma nawo, nokwabelana ngolwazi. Ukukhuluma neminye imindeni ebhekene nesimo esifanayo kungaba umthombo omkhulu wamandla phakathi nalesi sikhathi esinzima. Nakuba ezinye izimila zingaba yingozi empilweni, intuthuko ekuxilongweni nasekwelashweni iye yavumela izingane eziningi ukuba zilulame. Ungapheli amandla.

Izinto okudingeka uzazi (Umyalezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya)

• Izimila zobuchopho ezinganeni ziwukukhula okungavamile kwamangqamuzana obuchopho. Zingaba nomdlavuza noma zingabi nomdlavuza.
• Uma unezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bekhanda obuhlala bukhona, ukuhlanza, ukushintsha kokuziphatha, noma ubunzima bokuhamba, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha.
• Lesi sifo singatholakala ngokuhlolwa okufana ne-MRI, i-CT scan, kanye ne-biopsy.
• Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezifana nokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe.
• Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kwandisa amathuba okululama kwezingane. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungathuki, kodwa ukuthola ulwazi olufanele kanye nosizo lwezokwelapha.

` Isimila Sobuchopho, Isimila Sobuchopho Sezingane, Izimila Zobuchopho, Umdlavuza Wezingane, I-Glioma, I-Medulloblastoma, Izimpawu Zomdlavuza, Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza Wobuchopho