Ingabe ingane yakho encane inomdlavuza? (Umdlavuza Wobuntwana) - Masiqaphele lokhu!

Uma sizwa igama elithi "umdlavuza," sonke siyathuthumela kancane, akunjalo? Awekho amagama okuchaza ukwesaba nokushaqeka esikuzwayo, ikakhulukazi uma lelo gama lihlotshaniswa nengane yethu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngomdlavuza wezingane. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nokuqonda okunembile ngalokhu. Ngoba namuhla, ngezindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe, kunethuba elikhulu kakhulu lokuthi izingane zelashwe kulezi zimo.

Uyini umdlavuza wezingane?

Kalula nje, umdlavuza wezingane uyiqembu lomdlavuza othinta izingane eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-0 no-19. Lokhu kufaka phakathi kokubili umdlavuza wezingane, othinta izingane kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya eminyakeni engu-14 ubudala, kanye nomdlavuza wentsha, othinta izingane ezincane ezineminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-19 ubudala.

Ngisho nasezweni elifana neMelika, cishe izingane ezingu-15,000 zitholakala zinomdlavuza minyaka yonke. Kodwa into engcono kakhulu ukuthi, ngenxa yezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha nezilungele izingane, izingane ezingu-8 kwezingu-10 zisaphila ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu. Kodwa-ke, kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi ngisho nangemva kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha, sidinga ukuqhubeka nokunaka impilo yengane.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezikhula ezinganeni?

Umdlavuza wezingane ungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. I-Leukemia kanye ne-Lymphoma

2. Izimila zobuchopho nomgogodla

3. Izimila eziqinile

Ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

1. I-Leukemia kanye ne-Lymphoma

Lezi umdlavuza wegazi .

• I-leukemia uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu ezinganeni. Luqala emnkantsheni wengane. Njengoba wazi, umnkantshe yilapho kwakheka khona amangqamuzana egazi ethu.
• I-Lymphoma iqala emangqamuzaneni akha igazi ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic lwengane. Lolu uhlobo lwesithathu oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza ezinganeni.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-leukemia ezinganeni yilezi:

• I-Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (YONKE) - Lokhu kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokuxilongwa komdlavuza ezinganeni.
• I-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-lymphoma ezinganeni yilezi:

• I-Hodgkin lymphoma
• I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma - Lokhu kunezinhlobo ezincane ezifana ne-Burkitt lymphoma kanye ne-lymphoma enkulu ye-B-cell esakazekayo.

2. Izimila zobuchopho nomgogodla

Lolu uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza ezinganeni. Luvela lapho amangqamuzana avamile ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi kwengane (CNS) ephenduka amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalawa, njengeMedulloblastoma neGlioma. Kodwa wonke lawa magama awabalulekile kuwe, into eyinhloko ukwazi ukuthi umdlavuza ungavela kulezi zindawo.

3. Izimila eziqinile

Izimila eziqinile zakhiwa lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza ehlukana, ephindaphinda, futhi ehlangana ukuze akhe inqwaba. Zingakhula noma kuphi emzimbeni wengane. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• Umdlavuza wamathambo - njenge-osteosarcoma kanye ne-Ewing sarcoma.
• Isimila seseli lamagciwane
• I-Hepatoblastoma (umdlavuza wesibindi)
• I-Neuroblastoma
• I-Retinoblastoma (umdlavuza wamehlo)
• I-Rhabdomyosarcoma (umdlavuza wemisipha)
• Isimila sikaWilms (umdlavuza wezinso)

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wezingane?

Nansi into ebaluleke kakhulu. Izimpawu zomdlavuza ezinganeni ngezinye izikhathi zingafana nezimpawu zezinye izifo ezinganeni ezincane. Cabanga ngakho, izingane eziningi ezincane zithola ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu besisu, kanye nemihuzuko emincane. Akuzona zonke lezi zimpawu zomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, uma noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ziqhubeka noma ziba zimbi kakhulu, kufanele nakanjani ukhulume nodokotela ngazo.

Ukuze sikusize ufunde ngomdlavuza wobuntwana, i-Childhood Oncology Group idale uhlu lwezimpawu ezizokusiza ukhumbule izinhlamvu zegama lesiNgisi elithi `CHILDCANCER`. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• C - `Ukwehla kwesisindo okuqhubekayo, okungachazeki`: Ukwehla kwesisindo okuqhubekayo, okungachazeki.
• H - `Ikhanda elibuhlungu, ngokuvamile elihambisana nokuhlanza ekuseni kakhulu`: Ikhanda elibuhlungu, ikakhulukazi uma lihambisana nokuhlanza ekuseni.
• I - `Ukuvuvukala okwandisiwe noma ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo emathanjeni, emalungeni, emhlane noma emilenzeni`: Ukuvuvukala okwandisiwe noma ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo emathanjeni, emalungeni, emhlane noma emilenzeni.
• L - `Isigaxa noma inqwaba`: Uma kutholakala isigaxa noma isimila entanyeni, esifubeni, emakhwapheni, esiswini, noma ethangeni.
• D - `Ukukhula kokudumba ngokweqile, ukopha noma ukuqubuka`: Ukudumba ngokweqile, ukopha (isb. ukopha ekhaleni, ukopha ezinsinini) noma ukuqubuka okungazelelwe esikhumbeni ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• C - `Ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo, okuvamile noma okuqhubekayo`: Ukutheleleka okwenzeka njalo futhi okuqhubekayo (isib. umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela).
• A - `Umbala omhlophe ngemuva kwe-pupil`: Uma umbala omhlophe ubonakala ngaphakathi kweso, ngemuva kwe-iris emnyama (pupil).
• N - `Isicanucanu esiqhubekayo, noma ukuhlanza ngaphandle kwesicanucanu`: Isicanucanu esiqhubekayo, noma ukuhlanza ngaphandle kwesicanucanu.
• C - `Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo (ukukhathala) noma ukuphaphatheka okubonakalayo (ubumpunga)`: Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo (ukukhathala) noma ukuphaphatheka okubonakalayo (ubumpunga)`.
• E - `Izinguquko zamehlo noma zombono ezenzeka ngokuzumayo futhi eziqhubekayo`: Izinguquko embonweni ezenzeka ngokuzumayo futhi eziqhubekayo (isb., ukubona into eyodwa noma ezimbili, umbono ofiphele).
• R - `Imfiva ephindaphindayo noma eqhubekayo`: Umkhuhlane obuya noma oqhubeka (ikakhulukazi lowo ongenasizathu esibonakalayo) kunokuba umkhuhlane ovamile.

Uma ingane yakho inesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu, akusho ukuthi inomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ukuze kususwe noma yikuphi ukungabaza.

Kungani izingane zithola umdlavuza?

Umdlavuza uvela lapho izakhi zofuzo zethu zishintsha (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) futhi kwakheka amaseli angajwayelekile. Lawa maseli omdlavuza angajwayelekile ahlukana ngokushesha, aminyanise amaseli anempilo. Uma engelashwa, lo mdlavuza ungasakazeka emzimbeni wonke (umdlavuza osakazeka emzimbeni wonke).

Izinto ezifanayo ezibangela umdlavuza kubantu abadala (ukubhema, ukuchayeka elangeni, amakhemikhali) ngokuvamile azisebenzi kumdlavuza ezinganeni. Lezi zinguquko zofuzo zenzeka ezinganeni ngezizathu abacwaningi abasazihlola. Lezi zinguquko zingase zenzeke ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane.

Ngenhlanhla, ucwaningo lomdlavuza luveze izinguquko zofuzo ezihlobene neminye imidlavuza yezingane. Lolu lwazi lusiza odokotela ukukhetha uhlelo lokwelapha olusebenza kahle kakhulu lwengane yabo.

Ingabe zikhona izinto eziyingozi?

Odokotela bayazi ukuthi ezinye izifo zofuzo ezizuzwe njengefa zingandisa ingozi yengane yokuba nomdlavuza. Isibonelo, e-United States, cishe izingane ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-10 kwezingu-100 ezinomdlavuza zinesimo sofuzo esihambisana nawo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome kanye ne-Down syndrome.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke umntwana onalesi simo uzoba nomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane yakho inalesi simo, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi kuhlolwe umdlavuza.

Odokotela bawuthola kanjani umdlavuza ezinganeni?

Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo eziningana ukuze bathole umdlavuza:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kuhlola ukukhubazeka emangqamuzaneni egazi lengane. Lokhu kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukubona izithombe zezitho nezicubu ezingaphakathi komzimba wengane yakho. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ama-CT scan, ama-MRI, ama-PET scan, kanye nama-ultrasound.
• I-Biopsy: Kuthathwa isampula yoketshezi noma izicubu endaweni esolisayo bese udokotela wezifo ezibangela lesi sifo esifubeni ehlola ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo kanye nokufinyelelwa komnkantsha wethambo: Kuthathwa isampula yomnkantsha wethambo ukuze kuhlolwe umdlavuza.
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar : Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yoketshezi lomgogodla (CSF) wengane (uketshezi olucacile oluzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla) ukuze kuhlolwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma izimpawu zesimila.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Lokhu kubheka izinguquko zofuzo ezihlobene neminye imidlavuza yezingane. Lokhu kungasiza ekukhetheni ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.

Umdlavuza wezingane welashwa kanjani?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha umdlavuza wezingane:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha evame kakhulu yomdlavuza wezingane. Kuhilela ukunikeza imithi yokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingane yelashwa ngemijikelezo. Umjikelezo ngamunye uhlanganisa usuku lokwelashwa kanye nosuku lokululama.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa umshini ukuthumela imisebe ukuze inciphise noma ibhubhise isimila. Noma, idivayisi ekhipha imisebe esimila ingafakwa emzimbeni wengane.
• Ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem: Lokhu kungaba inketho uma ingane yakho ine-leukemia noma i-lymphoma. Okokuqala, kunikezwa i-chemotherapy enomthamo ophezulu ukuze kubulawe amaseli omdlavuza. Ngemuva kwalokho, amaseli aphilile akha igazi athathwa kumnikeli bese enikezwa ingane.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela abahlinzayo bangasusa ngokuphelele izimila eziqinile. Ngezinye izikhathi, ingane ingadinga ezinye izindlela zokwelapha kanye nokuhlinzwa.
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy kanye nokwelashwa okuqondiwe: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha entsha. Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy kusiza amasosha omzimba engane ukuthi alwe nomdlavuza. Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kuhlose izinguquko ezithile zofuzo kumaseli omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa ngezinye izikhathi kunikezwa njengengxenye yesivivinyo somtholampilo.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha? Luwucwaningo oluhlola ukusebenza kahle kwezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha umdlavuza. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekulweni nomdlavuza. Uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zinganikezanga impumuzo eyanele, udokotela wakho angase adlulisele ingane yakho kwenye yalezi zivivinyo.

Konke lokhu kwenzelwa ukunikeza ingane yakho ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu .

Kufanele ngifune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha mayelana nengane yami?

Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha uma ingane yakho:

• Uma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza imibi kakhulu kunalokho obekulindele.
• Uma ingane yakho "isesimweni sokuphulukiswa" (ngaphandle kwezimpawu noma izimpawu zomdlavuza), bese uqala ukubona izimpawu zokuthi umdlavuza ungase ubuya.

Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi izimpawu zomdlavuza kanye nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kungaba yizimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha. Udokotela wengane yakho uzochaza ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ingabe umdlavuza wezingane ungelapheka?

Emazweni athuthukile anezikhungo ezinhle, izingane ezingaphezu kuka-8 kweziyi-10 ezinomdlavuza ziyaphulukiswa. Lokhu kusekelwe emazingeni okusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kumdlavuza wezingane ovame kakhulu.

Igama elithi "ukwelapha" liphinde lisetshenziswe ukuchaza umdlavuza wobuntwana osuphelile. Isibonelo, izingane ezingu-9 kwezingu-10 ezine-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BONKE) ziyaphela (azisekho izimpawu noma izimpawu zomdlavuza).

Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi la mazinga okusinda ayizilinganiso nje kuphela. Azibonisi izici ezithile ezizothinta ulwazi lwengane yakho. Yingakho kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokubikezela kwengane yakho.

Ingakanani iminyaka yokuphila yengane esilulame emdlavuza?

Nakuba umdlavuza wezingane uvame ukwelapheka, imiphumela yalesi sifo ingathinta impilo yengane yesikhathi eside. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwamuva nje, labo abasinda kumdlavuza wezingane bangase babe nokuphila okufushane kancane kunabanye. Banamathuba amaningi okuthola izinkinga zempilo lapho sebekhulile, njengesifo senhliziyo, izimo ezihlobene nama-hormone, kanye nomdlavuza wesibili.

Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu osengozini efanayo. Okuningi kuncike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza ingane eyayinawo kanye nokwelashwa eyakuthola. Isibonelo, ukufakelwa amaseli e-stem cishe kuzoba nemiphumela kamuva. Ukwelashwa okufana nokuhlinzwa kanye ne-chemotherapy ephansi cishe akubanga izinkinga esikhathini esizayo.

Kodwa-ke, wonke umntwana olulama emdlavuza udinga ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside. Phakathi nalokhu kulandelela, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuvamile ukuthola noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi engase ivele ngemva kokwelashwa.

Yini engingayenza ukuze ngisize ingane yami?

Ochwepheshe bathi kufanele ukhululeke futhi uthembeke lapho ukhuluma nengane yakho ngomdlavuza. Lezi zingaba izingxoxo ezinzima. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi izingane ziyazuza ngokwazi ukuthi kwenzekani kuzo nokuthi zenzeni ngakho. Izingane ezindala nezingane ezincane zingaqonda izincazelo eziqondile. Uma ingane yakho isencane, ungase ufune ukukhuluma nochwepheshe wempilo yengane noma udokotela wezifo zengqondo wezingane mayelana nendlela yokukhuluma nazo ngomdlavuza.

Njengomnakekeli wengane yakho, wena ungamandla ayo amakhulu. Uyazi kahle ingane yakho. Thola izinkomba kuyo futhi uyisekele kuzo zonke izinyathelo zayo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Njalo ngonyaka, izinkulungwane zabazali zizwa amagama athi “ingane yakho inomdlavuza.” Kodwa kaningi, bezwa amagama athi “singayelapha, mhlawumbe size siyiphilise, umdlavuza wengane yakho.”Ngenxa yezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha, izingane eziningi kanye nentsha ziyalulama emdlavuza.

Kodwa-ke, ukululama kuyisinyathelo esisodwa ohambweni lokunakekelwa impilo yonke. Ithimba lezokwelapha lengane yakho lizokufundisa ngokunakekelwa ingane yakho ezokufuna ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa. Ungalilahli ithemba, ngolwazi olufanele kanye nokusekelwa, ungabhekana nale nselele.

Umdlavuza wobuntwana , i-leukemia, i-lymphoma, izimila zobuchopho, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, impilo yabantwana