Uma owesifazane kufanele ahlinzwe ngenxa yomdlavuza webele, kuba nomthelela omkhulu kuye ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwebele kuyisisombululo sokukhathazeka nokudabuka okuhambisana nokushintsha ukubukeka komzimba wakhe. Lesi yisinqumo somuntu siqu. Abanye abantu bayasivuma, abanye banquma ukungasivumi. Zombili izinqumo zilungile. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngakho konke, siphendule yonke imibuzo efika engqondweni.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukwakhiwa kabusha kwebele?
Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwebele ukwakhiwa kabusha kokuhlinzwa kwebele elilodwa noma womabili ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwebele noma ukuhlinzwa kwe-lumpectomy ngenxa yomdlavuza webele. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu akwenziwa ekuhlinzeni okukodwa, futhi kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa okuningana.
Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko zokwenza lokhu kuhlinzwa. Ezinye izindlela zisebenzisa izifakelo zebele ezigcwele i-silicone noma i-saline. Kwezinye izindlela, kuthathwa i-flap yezicubu kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho, isibonelo, isisu esingezansi, bese isetshenziselwa ukudala ibele.
Kunezimo ezimbili lapho lokhu kuhlinzwa kungenziwa khona:
1. Ukwakhiwa kabusha Ngokushesha: Kulokhu, ibele lakhiwa kabusha ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuhlinzwa kwebele, ngokushesha ngemva kokuba ukuhlinzwa sekuqediwe.
2. Ukuvuselelwa Okulibazisekile: Kulokhu, ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngosuku oluhlukile, izinyanga eziningana, noma ngisho neminyaka, ngemva kokususwa kwebele.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukuthi ukwenza lokhu kuhlinzwa kuyisinqumo sakho siqu noma cha. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile ngakho nodokotela wakho bese ukhetha into ozizwa ukhululekile ngayo.
Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvuselela amabele?
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. Ake sizibheke ngokwehlukana.
1. Ukusebenzisa izicubu zomzimba wakho (i-Flap Reconstruction)
Kule nqubo, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uthatha izicubu kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho (izicubu ze-autologous) azisebenzisele ukudala ibele. Lezi zicubu zibizwa ngokuthi "i-flap." Lezi zicubu zivame ukuthathwa esiswini esingezansi. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zingathathwa ethangeni, emhlane, noma ezinqeni. Lezi zicubu zingahlanganisa isikhumba, amafutha, imithambo yegazi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imisipha.
Kukhona nezindlela ezahlukene zokuhlinza kule ndlela. Bheka ithebula elingezansi ukuze uthole ukuqonda okulula ngazo.
| Igama lenqubo yokuhlinzwa (Uhlobo lwe-Flap) | Kwenzekani nje |
|---|---|
| I-DIEP flap | Isikhumba, amafutha, kanye nemithambo yegazi kuyasuswa esiswini esingezansi. Kodwa-ke, imisipha yesisu ayisuswa kule nqubo. |
| I-TRAM flap | Isikhumba, amafutha, nemithambo yegazi, kanye nemisipha yesisu, kuyasuswa esiswini esingezansi. |
| I-Latissimus dorsi (LD) flap | Izicubu nemisipha kuthathwa endaweni yangemuva. Lesi zicubu, kanye nokutholakala kwegazi, kulethwa endaweni yesifuba. |
| I-flap ye-IGAP/SGAP | Izicubu zithathwa ezinqeni. Kuzo zombili izindlela, imisipha ayisuswa. |
| I-PAP/TUG flap | Izicubu zithathwa ngaphakathi nangemuva kwethanga. Ngendlela ye-TUG flap, umsipha nawo uyathathwa, kanti ngendlela ye-PAP flap, awuthathwa. |
2. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kusetshenziswa izimila
Kule nqubo, odokotela abahlinzayo basebenzisa izimila ze-saline noma ze-silicone ukuze bashintshe ukuma kwebele. Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zimila zihlanganiswa nezicubu zomzimba wakho.
| Indlela yokufaka izingcezu | Kwenzekani nje |
|---|---|
| Ukubekwa ngaphansi komsipha wesifuba | Udokotela uphakamisa umsipha wesifuba bese ebeka i-implant ngaphansi kwawo. |
| Ukubekwa phezu kwemisipha yesifuba | Kulesi simo, i-implant ibekwa ngaphezu komsipha wesifuba. Lokhu kunganciphisa isikhathi sokuphulukiswa kancane. |
| Ngomshini Wokukhulisa Izicubu | Udokotela uqala ngokubeka idivayisi efana nebhaluni (i-expander) ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Bese, cishe kanye ngesonto, idivayisi igcwaliswa ngesisombululo sikasawoti ukuze yelule isikhumba kancane kancane. Uma isikhumba sesinwebekile ngokwanele, i-implant iyafakwa. |
Ingabe ingono kanye ne-areola kungakhiwa kabusha?
Yebo, kungenziwa. Okunye ukuhlinzwa kokususwa kwebele kushiya ingono kanye nesikhumba esimnyama esizungezile (i-areola). Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-nipple-sparing mastectomy". Kodwa-ke, uma kudingeka zisuswe, ingono entsha ingadalwa. Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-graft yesikhumba evela kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho.
Bese, ukuze baphinde benze indawo emnyama eyizungezile (i-areola), abantu abaningi baphendukela kuma -tattoo e-3D . Kukhona abaculi abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ngalokhu. Bangayidweba leyo ndawo ukuze ibukeke njengento yangempela.
Ngingayikhetha kanjani indlela engifanele kakhulu?
Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ngokuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe. Lapho wenza leso sinqumo, cabanga ngalezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Ubudala bakho, impilo yakho iyonke, kanye nendlela yakho yokuphila.
- Uhlobo luni lokuhlinzwa owalwenza (ukususwa kwebele noma ukususwa kwe-lumpectomy) nokuthi kusele izicubu ezingakanani zebele.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kudingeka olunye ukwelashwa komdlavuza (isib. i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation).
- Noma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okwenzile ngaphambilini. Isibonelo, uma uke wahlinzwa esiswini, kungaba nzima ukususa izicubu esiswini sakho.
- Amathemba nezifiso zakho. Lokho ofuna ukubukeka kwakho kube yikho nakho kubaluleke kakhulu lapha.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zalokhu kuhlinzwa?
Yiziphi izinzuzo?
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuyindlela enhle yokwakha kabusha ukuzethemba okulahlekile ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwebele. Kusiza abantu abaningi ukuba banqobe ukungakhululeki abakuzwayo lapho begqoke izingubo noma i-swimsuit.
Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi bakhetha ukungakwenzi lokhu kuhlinzwa. Bangase basebenzise i-prosthesis ngaphakathi kwe-bra ekhethekile. Abanye bakhetha ukungaguquguquki, bengenzi lutho. Isinqumo ngasinye sihlukile kumuntu ngamunye, futhi isinqumo ngasinye kufanele sihlonishwe.
Yiziphi izingozi nezinkinga?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi ezithile. Eziyinhloko ukutheleleka kanye nokopha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nezinye izingozi ezifana nalezi:
- Amahlule egazi: Le ngozi iphezulu kancane ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-flap.
- Izinguquko esimweni noma ngobukhulu bamabele womabili: Elinye lingase libe likhulu kunelinye, noma isimo singashintsha.
- Izibazi: Zonke izinhlungu zishiya izibazi, kodwa lezi zizonyamalala kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- I-Fat necrosis: Uma igazi eliya ezicutshini ezitshaliwe linganele ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-flap, izicubu zingafa.
- Izinkinga zokufakelwa: I-implant ingase ibe nemibimbi, iqhekeke, noma iqhume.
- Izinkinga endaweni yokususwa kwezicubu: Ubuthakathaka, ubuhlungu, noma ukuzwela kungase kwenzeke ezindaweni lapho izicubu zisusiwe khona, njengesisu, amathanga, noma umhlane.
Ezinye izimila zebele ezindala ziye zahlotshaniswa nohlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile (i-Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma - ALCL), kodwa le ngozi iphansi kakhulu ngezimila ezisetshenziswa namuhla. Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ngalokhu.
Ululama kanjani ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Kungase kudingeke uhlale esibhedlela cishe isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Kuzodingeka uphuze imithi yobuhlungu njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele ukuze ulawule ubuhlungu bakho. Uzocelwa ukuthi ugqoke i-bra ekhethekile yokuhlinzwa ukuze usekele amabele akho futhi unciphise ukuvuvukala ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphulukiswa.
Isikhathi sokululama siyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Kuya ngempilo yakho kanye nohlobo lokuhlinzwa owake wakwenza. Kungase kudingeke uyeke ukuphakamisa izinsimbi nokuzivocavoca isikhashana. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungaqhubeka nini nemisebenzi evamile.
Kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha nini?
Uma ufika ekhaya ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ucingo ngokushesha uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu:
- Izimpawu zokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane .
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu obungapheli ngisho nangemva kokuthatha imithi.
- Ukopha ngenxa yokusikwa ngokuhlinzwa, njengegazi noma ubomvu .
- Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba ozungeze ibele noma ukunqunywa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwebele kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa esiza ekwakheni kabusha ukuzethemba kowesifazane kanye nenhlalakahle yengqondo ngemva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza webele.
- Ukuthi ukhetha ukwenza lokhu kuhlinzwa noma cha kuyisinqumo sakho ngokuphelele. Akekho ongakuthonya ngakho.
- Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukusebenzisa izicubu zomzimba wakho kanye nokusebenzisa izimila.
- Kufanele ukhethe indlela ekufanelekela kangcono ngokukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngezidingo zakho, isimo sempilo kanye nokulindela kwakho.
- Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi ezithile ezihilelekile. Qaphela lokhu ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukulandela imiyalelo yezokwelapha ngemva kokuhlinzwa kubalulekile ukuze ululame ngokushesha.
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