Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uthola kunzima ukuphefumula ngokuzumayo? Ingabe isifuba sakho sizizwa siqinile futhi siklinya? Lokhu kuyinto evamile kakhulu futhi engakhululekile, ikakhulukazi kumuntu onesifo sokuphefumula sesikhathi eside njenge-asthma noma i-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu). Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma kalula nge-inhaler esisisiza ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi futhi senze ukuphefumula kube lula. Igama lezokwelapha lalezi yi-'Bronchodilators'.
Kalula nje, iyini le Bronchodilator?
Leli gama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa ukusebenza kwalo kulula kakhulu. Masiliqonde ngale ndlela.
Cabanga ukuthi unenethiwekhi yamapayipi amancane athwala umoya uye emaphashini akho. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi i-bronchi. Ngokuvamile, umoya uhamba kalula kula mapayipi. Kodwa ezimweni ezifana ne-asthma, imisipha ethambile ezungeze la mapayipi iyaqina, inciphise izikhala emapayipini. Kufana nomuntu ocindezela ipayipi lamanzi. Kwenzekani-ke? Akukho ndawo eyanele yokungena komoya. Umphumela uba ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuphefumula kanzima, kanye nokuqina kwesifuba.
Ama-bronchodilator aphumuza imisipha eqinile futhi andise imigudu yomoya emincane. Lokhu kuvumela umoya ukuthi udlule kangcono futhi kwenza ukuphefumula kube lula. Yilokho kanye okushiwo yigama. Igama elithi 'Broncho' lisho umoya womoya, kanti elithi 'dilator' lisho into evulekayo.
Kukhona enye inzuzo yale mithi. Lapho izindlela zomoya zikhula, kuba lula ukuthi izinto ezifana ne-mucus ezinamathele kuzo ziphume. Ngemuva kwalokho kuba lula ukukhwehlela i-mucus.
Le mithi itholakala kakhulu kithi njengezixazululo ze-inhaler kanye ne-nebulizer. I-nebulizer umshini oguqula umuthi ube yinkungu encane, okwenza kube lula ukuwuphefumula.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-bronchodilators:
Le mithi ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe esivinini sayo kanye nobude besikhathi sokusebenza kwayo. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili kubaluleke kakhulu ekwelashweni kwakho.
| Ifomu lemithi | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ama-bronchodilator asebenza isikhathi esifushane | Lokhu kufana "nabacimi bomlilo." Lapho kuvela isimo esiphuthumayo njengokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya ngokuzumayo,Lolu hlobo lusetshenziselwa ukunikeza impumuzo ngokushesha . Ziqala ukusebenza ngokushesha kakhulu. Kodwa umphumela wazo uhlala isikhathi esifushane, cishe amahora angu-3-6. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "i-Rescue Inhaler". |
| Ama-bronchodilator asebenza isikhathi eside | Lezi zifana "nabalindi bokuphepha." Lezi azisetshenziswa ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Ziwuhlobo lomuthi othathwa nsuku zonke ukuvimbela izimpawu nokugcina izindlela zokuphefumula zivulekile usuku lonke . Zihlala cishe amahora ayi-12. Lezi kufanele zithathwe njalo, njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho, ngesikhathi esifanele. |
Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale une-inhaler yakho yokusindisa (esebenza isikhathi esifushane). Kodwa uma udinga ukuyisebenzisa ngaphezu kwakabili ngesonto, kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi isimo sakho asilawulwa kahle. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-bronchodilators?
Le mithi ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe endleleni esebenza ngayo.
1. Ama-agonist e-Beta 2
Lezi yizinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Zitholakala kokubili ngezindlela ezisebenza isikhathi esifushane kanye nezindlela ezisebenza isikhathi eside.
- Ama-beta 2-agonists asebenza ngokushesha (ama-SABA): Lawa "ama-Rescue Inhalers" esikhulume ngawo ekuqaleni. Lawa asiza ekunikezeni impumuzo esheshayo lapho kuvela izimpawu ze-asthma. Asebenza zingakapheli imizuzu eyi-15-20 futhi anikeza impumuzo cishe amahora angama-4-6. Uma esetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca, angavimbela ne-asthma ebangelwa ukuzivocavoca.
- Izibonelo: I-Albuterol (Ventolin®), i-Levalbuterol (Xopenex®)
- Ama-agonist e-beta-2 asebenza isikhathi eside (ama-LABA): Lawa asetshenziselwa ukulawula lesi sifo isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile kabili ngosuku. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-LABA awasetshenziswa wodwa lapho elapha i-asthma. Ahlala enikezwa kanye ne-corticosteroid inhaler. Ama-steroid asebenza ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya.
- Izibonelo: I-Salmeterol (i-Serevent®), i-Formoterol (i-Foradil®)
- Imithi ehlanganisiwe ene-steroids: i-Fluticasone ne-Salmeterol (Advair®), i-Budesonide ne-Formoterol (Symbicort®)
2. Imithi Yokulwa Nezinhlungu Zekhanda
Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimbela izimpawu ezithile ezivela ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa ezibangela ukuba imigudu yomoya inciphe. Futhi iyasiza ekwandiseni imigudu yomoya. Lena akuyona imithi yokusiza ngokushesha. Kodwa ingasiza ekulawuleni i-asthma, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezimpawu ezinzima.
- Izibonelo: I-Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®), i-Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva Respimat®)
3. I-Theophylline
Lona umuthi oza ngesimo sephilisi. Wawusetshenziswa kakhulu esikhathini esidlule ukulawula i-asthma enzima. Kodwa awusetshenziswa kaningi manje. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma usebenzisa lo muthi, udinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo ukuze uhlole ukuthi izinga lomuthi emzimbeni wakho lilungile yini. Uneminye imiphumela emibi embalwa.
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi kulo muthi?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, lawa ma-bronchodilator angabangela eminye imiphumela emibi. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, lokhu akukubi kakhulu. Imiphumela emibi iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomuthi.
| Uhlobo lomuthi | Imiphumela emibi engaba khona |
|---|---|
| Ama-agonist e-Beta 2 |
|
| Imithi yokulwa ne-cholinergic | |
| I-Theophylline |
Uma unesifo sesinye, njenge-benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPE), kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela wakho uma uthatha imithi yokulwa ne-cholinergic.
Ingabe i-bronchodilator uhlobo lwe-steroid?
Cha. Lena indawo lapho abantu abaningi bedideka khona.I-bronchodilator akuyona i-steroid. Lezi zibili zinemisebenzi ehlukene ngokuphelele.
- I-Bronchodilator: Yandisa imigudu yokuphefumula evalekile, okwenza ukuphefumula kube lula ngokushesha.
- I-Steroid Ephefumulayo (I-Steroid Inhaler): Yehlisa ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya. Lokhu kusiza ukulawula lesi sifo isikhathi eside .
Odokotela bavame ukuncoma ukusebenzisa zombili izinhlobo ndawonye ukulawula izifo ezifana ne-asthma.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-inhaler ngendlela efanele?
Ukuze uthole okuningi ngemithi yakho, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-inhaler yakho ngendlela efanele. Abantu abaningi benza lokhu ngendlela engafanele, okusho ukuthi umuthi awungeni emaphashini abo ngendlela efanele. Nansi indlela efanele yokukwenza:
1. Shukumisa kahle: Vala isivalo se-inhaler kahle bese usishukumisa kahle cishe izikhathi eziyi-10-15.
2. Susa isivalo: Susa isivalo bese usibeka eceleni.
3. Khipha umoya: Phefumula kakhulu bese ukhipha umoya ngangokunokwenzeka. Thulula umoya emaphashini akho.
4. Faka emlonyeni: Faka umlomo we-inhaler emlonyeni wakho bese uwuvala ngokuqinile ngezindebe zakho.
5. Phefumula bese uphefumula: Ngesikhathi ucindezela ingxenye ephezulu ye-inhaler kanye, donsa umoya ojulile ngomlomo wakho. (Uma uzwa umsindo wokukhala, uphefumula ngokushesha kakhulu. Phefumula umoya ojulile.)
6. Bamba umoya wakho: Ngemva kokuphefumula, bamba umoya wakho cishe imizuzwana eyi-10. Bala kuze kube yi-10 engqondweni yakho. Lokhu kuzonikeza umuthi isikhathi sokufinyelela ezimpandeni zamaphaphu.
7. Khipha umoya: Khipha umoya, ngicela.
8. Linda kancane: Uma udokotela wakho ekutshelile ukuthi uphuze umuthi ngaphezu kokukodwa, linda cishe umzuzu ngaphambi kokuphuza umuthi olandelayo. Bese uqala phansi kusukela esinyathelweni sesi-3.
9. Vala isivalo: Uma usuqedile ukusisebenzisa, qiniseka ukuthi uyasivala futhi isivalo.
10. Hlanza umlomo wakho: Uma usebenzisa i-corticosteroid inhaler, lokhu kuyinto edingekayo. Ngemva kokusebenzisa umuthi, hlanza umlomo wakho kahle ngamanzi noma nge-mouthwash bese uwulahla. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka kwesikhunta emlonyeni.
Ingabe kulungele ukusebenzisa i-inhaler ngaphezu kwesidingo?
Kuthiwa okuningi kakhulu kwanoma yini akukuhle. Le inhaler ayihlukile. Uma usebenzisa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi i-"Rescue Inhaler" yesikhashana, umzimba wakho ungase ungasabeli kahle emuthini ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula lungase lube nomuzwa omkhulu ezintweni ezifana nomusi nothuli. Ngakho-ke , sebenzisa njalo umuthi kuphela ngobuningi nangokuyalelwa udokotela wakho .
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Uma ungakaze utholakale unesifo sokuphefumula ngaphambilini, kodwa ubhekene nezimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, kanye nokuphefumula kanzima, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha bese uthola ukuhlolwa okufanele.
Uma usuvele usebenzisa i-bronchodilator, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- Uma udinga ukusebenzisa i-SABA/Rescue Inhaler yakho izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili ngesonto, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esikhulu sokuthi isifo sakho asilawulwa kahle.
- Uma unomuzwa wokuthi umthamo wamanje wemithi awanelanga ukulawula izimpawu zakho.
- Uma imiphumela emibi yomuthi ikubangela ukungakhululeki.
Ngokukhuluma nodokotela wakho nokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa olukufanele kakhulu, uzokwazi ukuphila impilo ekhululekile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-bronchodilator uhlobo lomuthi okhulisa imigudu yokuphefumula futhi wenze ukuphefumula kube lula.
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: izinhlobo ezisebenza isikhathi esifushane zezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nezinhlobo ezisebenza isikhathi eside ezithathwa nsuku zonke ukuze kulawulwe lesi sifo isikhathi eside.
- Ukuze uthole okuningi nge-inhaler yakho, kubalulekile ukufunda ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ngendlela efanele.
- Uma udinga ukusebenzisa i-'Rescue Inhaler' yakho izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili ngesonto, kusho ukuthi isifo sakho asilawuleki. Esimweni esinjalo, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yakho noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho. Ungabelani nge-inhaler yakho nanoma ubani.
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