Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uba nomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bomzimba, noma ukujuluka ngaphandle kwesizathu? Ingabe lezi zinto ziyaphela ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa bese zibuya? Ungase ucabange ukuthi lokhu kungumkhuhlane ojwayelekile wegciwane. Kodwa kungadluliselwa kithi kusuka ezilwaneni, futhi kungaba yisifo esifihliwe emzimbeni. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesifo esinjalo. Leso yi-Brucellosis. Nakuba leli igama elingajwayelekile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngalo.
Iyini ngempela i-Brucellosis?
Kalula nje, i-brucellosis yisifo esibangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-Brucella'. Okukhethekile kwalokhu ukuthi sidluliselwa kithi sisuka ezilwaneni . Ngakho-ke, siphinde sikubize ngokuthi yisifo sezilwane ezizalwa nezilwane. Lesi sifo sibizwa nangokuthi i-Malta fever kanye ne-Mediterranean fever.
Kulesi sifo, izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bamalunga, nokujuluka kungase kuvele kudlule, bese kubuya, futhi kungase kuhlale izinyanga, noma ngisho neminyaka.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
Lesi sifo sibonakala emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Uma ungomunye walaba abalandelayo, usengozini enkulu kancane yokuthola lesi sifo.
- Udokotela wezilwane noma umuntu osebenza nezilwane.
- Uma usebenza epulazini lobisi noma epulazini lobisi.
- Uma usebenza esitolo senyama, esilaheni, noma uphatha inyama eluhlaza.
- Uma umuntu ezingela izilwane.
- Uma usebenza elabhorethri eqhuba izivivinyo kubhaktheriya i-'Brucella'.
- Uma udla inyama engaphekiwe kahle noma udla ubisi olungaphekiwe kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi (isib. ushizi, iyogathi).
Nakuba lesi sifo singabikwa kakhulu eSri Lanka, kubikwa amacala angaba ngu-500,000 emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi labo abasemaqenjini asengozini baqaphele lokhu.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-Brucella zithatha amasonto amabili kuya kwamane noma ngaphezulu ukuvela. Cabanga ukuthi kungaba yinto ekhungathekisa kanjani ukuba lezi zimpawu zifike ziphele izinyanga. Ngakho-ke, qaphela lezi zimpawu.
| Isibonakaliso | Ulwazi olwengeziwe |
|---|---|
| Imfiva | Umkhuhlane unganda noma wehle usuku nosuku. |
| Ukujuluka | Ngezinye izikhathi umjuluko ungaba nephunga elifana nesikhunta. |
| Ubuhlungu bamalunga | Ubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ezinqeni, emadolweni, noma emhlane ongezansi. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo | Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu | Ubuhlungu bekhanda obuhlala bukhona. |
| Ezinye izici | Ubuhlungu besisu, ukuphelelwa yisifiso sokudla, ukucindezeleka, ama-lymph node avuvukele futhi abuhlungu, kanye nomuzwa wobuthakathaka. |
Lesi sifo se-brucellosis sisakazeka kanjani kithi?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamagciwane e-Brucella abangela lesi sifo. La magciwane ahlala kakhulu emizimbeni yezilwane. Isibonelo:
- Inkomo
- Izimbuzi
- Izingulube
- Inyamazane
- Izimvu
- Izinja
- Amakamela
Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko esingazithola ngazo lesi sifo kulezi zilwane.
| Indlela yokudlulisela | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukudla ubisi olungaphekwanga | Ngokuphuza ubisi olungaphekiwe oluvela esilwaneni esinegciwane noma ngokudla ushizi, i-ayisikhilimu, njll. okwenziwe ngalolo bisi. Ukuhlanza ubisi kuyinqubo yokushisa ubisi ukuze kubulawe amagciwane. Ubisi oluhlanjululwe luphephile ukuluphuza. |
| Ukuthintana nezingxenye zomzimba noma uketshezi lwesilwane esinalesi sifo | Amabhaktheriya angangena emzimbeni wakho ngokusikeka noma inxeba esikhumbeni sakho, noma ngamehlo akho, ekhaleni, noma emlonyeni. |
| Ukuphefumula kwamagciwane | Ngokuphefumula izinhlayiya zamagciwane ezivela enyameni yesilwane noma egazini. Abantu abasebenza emapulazini nasezindaweni zokulahlela basengozini enkulu. |
| Izitsha zenyama ezingaphekiwe kahle | Ngokudla inyama engaphekiwe kahle evela esilwaneni esinegciwane. |
Okubalulekile, akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi lesi sifo sidluliselwe kusuka komunye umuntu siye komunye . Kodwa-ke, kube nezimo ezingavamile kakhulu zokudluliselwa kusuka kumama okhulelwe kuya enganeni yakhe, ngokuncelisa noma ngocansi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akubhekwa njengesifo esidluliselwa ngocansi (STI).
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho, ukuthi usebenza nezilwane, noma uphuze ubisi olungaphekiwe. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-brucellosis zifana nezinye izifo, kudingeka ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kuthathwa isampula yegazi lakho ukuze kuhlolwe ama-antibodies ngokumelene nebhaktheriya i-Brucella. Isampula yegazi ingabuye ikhuliswe elabhorethri ukuze kubonakale ukuthi akhona yini amabhaktheriya. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi amabhaktheriya akhula kancane, kungathatha amasonto ukuthola umphumela.
- Ukuhlola ezinye izinto eziwuketshezi emzimbeni: Ukuhlola izinto ezinjengoketshezi lomgogodla kanye noketshezi lwamalunga nakho kungabheka amagciwane.
- I-biopsy yezicubu: Kuthathwa ingxenye encane yezicubu endaweni efana nomnkantsha bese ihlolwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Kuye ngezimpawu zakho, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okufana ne-X-ray, i-CT scan, kanye ne-MRIs ukuze kuhlolwe umonakalo ezithweni ezifana namathambo, isibindi kanye nenhliziyo.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-brucellosis ingelapheka ngokuphelele ngama-antibiotic . Kodwa kunomehluko omncane.
Uzodinga okungenani izinhlobo ezimbili zama-antibiotic ndawonye, okungenani amasonto ayi-6-8.Inikezwa isikhathi eside, njengalokhu. Ngenxa yokuthi leli gciwane lifihla ngaphakathi kwamaseli omzimba, kudingeka ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside ukuze libhujiswe ngokuphelele.
Ama-antibiotic udokotela wakho angase akunike wona angafaka:
- I- Doxycycline ( i-Doxycycline (i-Doxycycline) )
- `I-Rifampin`
- `Streptomycin` noma `Gentamicin`
- `I-Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)`
- `I-Ciprofloxacin`
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Kubalulekile ukuthatha umuthi sonke isikhathi osinikwe udokotela, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa usuku olulodwa. Uma uyeka ukuthatha umuthi phakathi, noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono kancane, amathuba okuthi isifo sibuye aphakeme kakhulu.
Buza udokotela wakho ngemithi eyengeziwe ongayithatha ukulawula izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bamalunga.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa? Ingabe zikhona izinkinga?
Iningi labantu liyalulama ngokuphelele ngemva kokwelashwa, kodwa abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bamalunga (i-arthritis) isikhathi eside.
Uma lesi sifo singelashwa kahle, izinkinga ezinkulu zingavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Isifo samathambo esiqhubekayo.
- Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi (i-Hepatomegaly) noma i-spleen (i-Splenomegaly).
- Ukutheleleka kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo (i-endocarditis).
- Ukutheleleka kobuchopho noma ubuchopho obumbozwe yi-encephalitis (i-encephalitis noma i-meningitis).
- Ukutheleleka komgogodla (i-Spondylitis) noma amanye amathambo (i-Osteomyelitis).
- Ukuvuvukala kwamasende kanye nemigudu ehlobene nawo kwabesilisa (i-Epididymo-orchitis).
- Ukuphuphuma kwesisu kukamama okhulelwe.
Nakuba lezi zinkinga ziyingozi, zingavinjelwa uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi futhi selashwa ngendlela efanele . Ukufa ngenxa yalesi sifo akuvamile kakhulu.
Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sizivikele kulesi sifo?
Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukugwema i-brucellosis. Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezilula ongayenza ukuze usize.
- Ungalokothi uphuze ubisi olungaphekiwe (oluluhlaza) olungaphekiwe. Futhi, gwema ukudla ukudla okwenziwe ngobisi olungaphekiwe, njengoshizi neyogathi.
- Uma usebenza nezilwane (umlimi, udokotela wezilwane, umbhuki), gqoka njalo izinto zokuzivikela , njengezigilavu nezibuko.
- Pheka inyama kahle bese uyidla.
- Geza izandla zakho kahle njalo ngensipho ngemva kokuphatha inyama eluhlaza. Hlanza namabhodi okusika kanye nemimese.
Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela? Zingaki izikhathi zokuya e-ETU?
Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, ikakhulukazi uma ungumuntu oxhumana nezilwane, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho .
Futhi, uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezilandelayo ezimbi, hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
- Umkhuhlane ophakeme ongaphezu kuka-39.4 Celsius (103 Fahrenheit).
- Ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu kakhulu.
- Ukudideka noma ukushintsha kwengqondo.
Esimweni esinjalo, izinkinga ezinkulu zingavinjelwa ngokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha kunokuhlala ekhaya.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Brucellosis ukutheleleka ngamagciwane okudluliselwa kusuka ezilwaneni kuya kubantu.
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko umkhuhlane ovamile, ubuhlungu bamalunga, kanye nokujuluka.
- Lesi sifo singadluliselwa ngokuphuza ubisi olungaphekiwe, ukudla inyama engaphekiwe kahle, kanye nokuthinta izilwane ezinegciwane.
- Ukwelashwa kudinga ama-antibiotic esikhathi eside (amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili), futhi kubalulekile ukuthatha umuthi isikhathi sonke esinqunywe udokotela.
- Lesi sifo singagwenywa ngokuphelele ngokulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha (ukuphuza ubisi olufakwe amagciwane, ukupheka inyama kahle, nokugqoka izimpahla zokuzivikela lapho uphatha izilwane).
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