Amaseli angajwayelekile emlonyeni wesibeletho? (I-Cervical Dysplasia) Ungesabi, ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi umbiko wakho we-Pap smear 'unamaseli angajwayelekile', kumelwe ukuthi uzizwe ukwesaba okukhulu nokushaqeka, akunjalo? Noma ubani angaba novalo uma ezwa igama elifana nelithi "precancerous." Kodwa ake ngithi kuqala, ungesabi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Lesi yisimo esingelapheka ngokuphelele futhi sivinjelwe ekubeni umdlavuza uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula, ngokucacile, futhi ngaphandle komthwalo engqondweni yakho.

Kuyini i-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho?

Kalula nje, lokhu kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana angajwayelekile ekhula phezu komlomo wesibeletho sakho. Ake sibheke ukuthi uyini umlomo wesibeletho. Yingxenye engezansi yesibeletho sakho, ingxenye evulekela esithweni sakho sangasese sowesifazane. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni samangqamuzana anempilo ebusweni bomlomo wesibeletho sakho, uhlobo oluhlukile kancane lweseli elingajwayelekile luqala ukukhula.

Cabanga ngakho njengomgodi omncane emgwaqweni. Uma ushiywe kanjalo, ungaba umgodi omkhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa uma siwulungisa ngokushesha nje lapho siwubona, ngeke ulimale umgwaqo, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzekayo. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile awawona amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kodwa uma engelashwa isikhathi eside, kunethuba lokuthi angaphenduka umdlavuza wesibeletho. Yingakho sikubiza ngokuthi "umdlavuza ongaphambi komdlavuza."

Kukhona elinye igama lezokwelapha lalokhu, eliyi- Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) . Ungakhathazeki ngala magama. Igama elithi "Intraepithelial" lisho ukuthi la maseli angajwayelekile atholakala kuphela ebusweni (epithelium) bomlomo wesibeletho, futhi awasakazekanga ngaphakathi. Igama elithi "Neoplasia" lisho ukuthi amaseli amasha ayakhula.

Ingabe zikhona izigaba zobunzima balesi simo?

Yebo, odokotela bahlukanisa la maseli angajwayelekile ngezigaba ezintathu (izigaba ze-CIN) kuye ngokuthi asakazeke kangakanani ezicutshini zomlomo wesibeletho. Lokhu kunqunywa ngokuhlola izicubu ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?

Nakhu okumangaza abantu abaningi. I-Cervical Dysplasia ngokuvamile ayibangeli zimpawu. Ungase ungezwa zinguquko, ubuhlungu, noma ukungakhululeki.

Akuvamile kakhulu, abanye besifazane

• Ukopha okungajwayelekile kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
• Ukopha okuncane (ukubonakala kwamabala) ngemva kocansi.

Izinto ezinjalo zingenzeka.

Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukwenza i-Pap smear ngesikhathi. Yiyona ndlela kuphela yokuthola ukuthi unalesi simo ngaphambi kokuba ube nezinkinga, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi kuvele izimpawu.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Iyini imbangela yalokhu?

Imbangela eyinhloko newukuphela kwayo yalokhu igciwane elibizwa nge -HPV (Human Papillomavirus) . Leli igciwane elidluliselwa ngocansi elivame kakhulu.

Manje ungase uzibuze: "Uma ngine-cervical dysplasia, ingabe ngine-HPV?" Yebo, lokho kuyiqiniso. Kodwa uhlangothi oluphambene nalokhu alulona iqiniso. Okusho ukuthi, akuwona wonke umuntu onegciwane le-HPV ozohlakulela i-cervical dysplasia. Ezimweni eziningi, amasosha omzimba wethu angalwa negciwane futhi alisuse ngokuphelele emzimbeni phakathi nonyaka noma emibili.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 zamagciwane e-HPV. Ezinye zazo, ikakhulukazi i-HPV-16 kanye ne -HPV-18,Izinhlobo "ezinobungozi obukhulu", njengalezo ezibangela izinguquko emaseli esibelethweni futhi cishe ziholela ku-dysplasia yesibeletho.

Yiziphi izinto ezandisa ingozi?

Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukusho ngqo ukuthi kungani abanye abantu abane-HPV kuphela abathola i-cervical dysplasia, kunezici eziningana eziye zatholakala ezikhulisa ingozi.

• Ukubhema: Abesifazane ababhema noma abasebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi banamathuba aphindwe kabili okuthola lesi simo. Ukubhema kwenza buthaka amasosha omzimba, okwenza angakwazi ukulwa ne-HPV.
• Ukuba nesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka: Uma isimiso sakho somzimba somzimba sibuthakathaka ngenxa yezinye izifo (isib. i-HIV) noma imithi ethile, kungaba nzima ngomzimba wakho ukuqeda ukutheleleka kwe-HPV.

Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?

Le nqubo yokuxilonga yenzeka isinyathelo ngesinyathelo kanje.

1. I-Pap Smear: Lesi yisinyathelo sokuqala. Udokotela wakho wezifo zabesifazane uzothatha isampula yamaseli ebusweni bomlomo wesibeletho sakho bese ewathumela elabhorethri ukuze ahlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kuhloswe kakhulu ukuhlola amaseli angajwayelekile.

2. I-Colposcopy: Uma i-Pap smear yakho ibonisa amangqamuzana angajwayelekile, udokotela wakho angase akuncome lokhu kuhlolwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlola umlomo wesibeletho sakho usebenzisa isibani esikhethekile kanye nedivayisi yokukhulisa (njenge-telescope). Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone noma yimaphi amangqamuzana angajwayelekile ngokucacile.

3. I-Biopsy: Uma udokotela ebona indawo esolisayo ngesikhathi se-colposcopy, uzothatha ingxenye encane yezicubu ayithumele elabhorethri. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-biopsy. Umbiko uzoqinisekisa ukuthi une-CIN 1, 2, noma 3.

Udokotela wakho uzochaza konke kuwe esinyathelweni ngasinye. Asikho isizathu sokwesaba.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Indlela yokwelapha inqunywa yizici eziningi, okuhlanganisa isigaba se-CIN onayo, iminyaka yakho, impilo yakho iyonke, kanye nokuthi uhlela ukuba nezingane yini.

Ukwelashwa kwe-CIN 1

Uma unesifo esinobungozi obuphansi (i-CIN 1), cishe ngeke udinge ukwelashwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lesi simo cishe sizophela sodwa. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi, "Ake silinde sibone." Lokho kusho ukuthola i-Pap smear ngezikhathi ezithile (njengangezinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngonyaka) ukuze ubone ukuthi amaseli angajwayelekile ayashintsha noma ayanyamalala.

Ukwelashwa kwe-CIN 2 kanye ne-CIN 3

Uma unesifo esimaphakathi noma esinzima njenge-CIN 2 noma i-CIN 3, udokotela wakho uzoncoma ukuthi kususwe amaseli angajwayelekile. Lokhu kunethuba elingu-90% lokwelapha lesi simo ngokuphelele. Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa kulokhu.

• I-LEEP (Inqubo Yokususa I-Loop Electrosurgical Excision): Kule nqubo, iluphu yentambo kagesi isetshenziselwa ukusika nokususa indawo yezicubu eziqukethe amaseli angavamile kahle.
• I-Cold Knife Knife Cone Biopsy / Conization: Ingcezu yezicubu emise okwekhoni isuswa emlonyeni wesibeletho kusetshenziswa ummese wokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kususa wonke amaseli angajwayelekile.
• Ukususwa kwesibeletho: Lokhu akwenziwa kaningi. Uma nje ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasizi noma isimo siqhubeka, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthi kususwe isibeletho sonke kanye nomlomo wesibeletho ngokuhlinzwa, kucatshangelwa isidingo sokuba nezingane.

Ngayinye yalezi zindlela zokwelapha inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ngokuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okukulungele.

Ungazivikela kanjani kulesi simo?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-cervical dysplasia ukugwema ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-HPV eliyibangela. Kunezinto eziningana ongayenza ukusiza.

• Thola Umjovo We-HPV: Lena into ebaluleke kakhulu. Lo mjovo usiza ekuvikeleni ezinhlotsheni eziyinhloko ze-HPV ezibangela umdlavuza wesibeletho kanye nezinhlungu zesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Uma usuvele unegciwane le-HPV noma une-cervical dysplasia, lo mjovo awukwazi ukuwuqeda. Kodwa-ke, ungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka ngezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV esikhathini esizayo.
• Yenza ucansi oluphephile: Ukusebenzisa amakhondomu kunganciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwe-HPV.
• Ukuthola i-Pap smear ngesikhathi: Nakuba lokhu kungenakukuvimbela ukuthi lesi sifo singabi khona, kunikeza ithuba elihle lokubona lesi sifo ezigabeni zaso zokuqala nokuselapha ngaphambi kokuba sibe umdlavuza. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-21, kunconywa ukuthi uthole i-Pap smear okungenani njalo eminyakeni emi-3.
• Gwema ngokuphelele ukubhema: Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, ukubhema kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yalesi simo.