Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane futhi ukhathazekile uma ubona igama elithi 'SIL' noma 'Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion' embikweni ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwe-Pap. Izinto ezinjengokuthi "Kuyini lokhu? Ingabe nginomdlavuza?" zingase zifike engqondweni ngokushesha. Kodwa ungesabi. Phefumula kakhulu bese wehlisa umoya. I-SIL ayiyona umdlavuza. Kodwa yinto okudingeka siyiqaphele. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma kalula ngokuthi iyini i-SIL, ukuthi kungani ikhula, nokuthi yini okufanele siyenze ngayo.
Kalula nje, iyini le SIL?
I-SIL, noma i-Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion , yisimo lapho amangqamuzana asebusweni besikhumba somzimba wethu, ikakhulukazi amangqamuzana asezinhlakeni ezincane ezimboza izitho ezithile, ekhula ngendlela ehlukile kancane, engajwayelekile kancane kunejwayelekile. Igama elithi "intraepithelial" ngokwalo lisho ukuthi lolu shintsho lukhona kuphela engqimbeni engaphezulu yesikhumba/ulwelwesi, futhi alujulile.
Cabanga ngesikhumba sethu njengodonga lwezitini olubekwe kahle. Ku-SIL, kunjengokungathi umugqa ophezulu wezitini kulolu donga lwezitini udonswe futhi unesimo esihlukile. Udonga luseqinile, kodwa kunomehluko omncane ongqimbeni oluphezulu.
Lezi zinhlobo zezinguquko zamaseli zingenzeka ezingxenyeni eziningi ezahlukene zomzimba wethu. Ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Umlomo wesibeletho
- Isitho sangasese sowesifazane
- Indawo yangaphandle yesitho sangasese sowesifazane (Vulva)
- I-Anus
- Umthondo
- Ngemuva komphimbo wakho
Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-SIL ayiyona umdlavuza . Kodwa siyibiza ngokuthi ingaphambi komdlavuza . Lokho kusho ukuthi uma singazelaphi futhi singazinaki lezi zinguquko zamaseli isikhathi eside, kunethuba lokuthi zizophenduka umdlavuza esikhathini esizayo. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyithola kusenesikhathi.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-SIL:
Odokotela babheka la maseli ashintshiwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope bese behlukanisa i-SIL ibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, kuye ngokuthi amangqamuzana ahluke kangakanani kumaseli avamile.
| Uhlobo lwe-SIL | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-SIL yezinga eliphansi (i-LSIL) (I-dysplasia encane) | Lolu ushintsho oluncane emaseli. Kufana nokhula olukhula engadini. Iningi lalo lingalawulwa amasosha ethu omzimba. Lokho kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi alulame ngokwawo ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ingozi yokuthi aphenduke umdlavuza iphansi kakhulu. |
| I-SIL yezinga eliphezulu (i-HSIL) (I-dysplasia Ephakathi/Enzima) | Kukhona ushintsho oluphawulekayo nolucacile emaseli lapha. Esibonelweni esifanayo esivela engadini, lawa makhudlwana kancane, njengokhula olumile izimpande futhi lwahluma. Amathuba amancane okuthi alulame ngokwawo . Ngakho-ke ukuze uwavimbele ekubeni umdlavuza esikhathini esizayo, ngokuvamile kufanele wenze uhlobo oluthile lokwelashwa . |
Iyini imbangela eyinhloko yokuthuthukiswa kwe-SIL?
Imbangela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu ye-SIL yi -Human Papillomavirus , noma i-HPV , isifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI). I-HPV inesibopho samacala acishe abe ngu-90% e-SIL.
Uma igciwane le-HPV lingena emzimbeni wethu, lithinta amaseli athile, okubangela ukuba ahlukane ngokushesha nangendlela ehlukile kunejwayelekile. Lesi yimbangela ye-SIL.
Kodwa nansi into: Kunezinhlobo ze-HPV ezingaphezu kwe-100.
- Ezinye izinhlobo (isib. i-HPV 6, 11) ziyizinhlobo ezinobungozi obuphansi. Lezi zingabangela izinto ezifana nezinhlungu zesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nezimo ze-LSIL.
- Ezinye izinhlobo (isib. i-HPV 16, 18) zibhekwa njengezinhlobo "ezinobungozi obukhulu". Lezi zinhlobo ezinobungozi obukhulu zinamathuba amaningi okubangela i-HSIL kanye nomdlavuza.
Esikhathini esiningi, amasosha omzimba wethu angalwa nokutheleleka kwe-HPV futhi akususe emzimbeni zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa noma unyaka noma emibili. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu, zingaqhubeka emzimbeni futhi zibangele kancane kancane izinguquko zamaseli eminyakeni eminingi, okuholela ku-SIL.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?
Enye yezinselele ezinkulu lapha ukuthi cishe azikho izimpawu ezithile ze-SIL . Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi lesi simo sibangelwa yi-Pap smear noma ukuhlolwa kwezifo zabesifazane ngenxa yesinye isizathu.
Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuvele izimpawu ezilandelayo. Uma uzibona lezi, kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela wakho.
Ngokuphathelene nendawo yokuzala:
- Ukuphuma kwegazi noma ukuphuma kwegazi okungajwayelekile esithweni sangasese sowesifazane (ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokuya esikhathini noma ngemva kocansi)
- Ukuvela kwamaqhubu noma izinhlungu zesitho sangasese sowesifazane
- Umuzwa oshisayo noma ukulunywa
- Ubuhlungu
- Ububomvu bendawo
Uma i-SIL ivele ngemuva komphimbo:
- Ubuhlungu bendlebe
- Ukuhosha kwezwi
- Ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya okuthile
- Umphimbo obuhlungu ohlala isikhathi eside
- Izindlala ezivuvukele entanyeni
Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi owesifazane enze ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap smear njalo ngezikhathi ezithile, noma ngabe akanazo izimpawu.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-SIL?
Nakuba noma ubani one-HPV angaba ne-SIL, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane.
- Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka: Abantu abane-HIV, abathola izitho zomzimba, noma labo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka ngenxa yezinye izimo zezokwelapha banenkinga enkulu yokulwa negciwane le-HPV.
- Ababhemayo: Amakhemikhali akugwayi alimaza amangqamuzana ethu futhi abuthakathaka amasosha omzimba wethu, okwenza kube nzima ngababhemayo ukulawula ukutheleleka kwe-HPV.
- Ukuziphatha kocansi okungaphephile: Ukuba nabalingani abaningi bocansi nokungasebenzisi izindlela zokuzivikela ezifana namakhondomu kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka nge-HPV.
Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-SIL?
Kunezivivinyo eziningana zokuxilonga i-SIL.
1. I-Pap Smear: Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola olubaluleke kakhulu nolusetshenziswa kakhulu. Kulolu vivinyo, kuthathwa isampula encane yamaseli emlonyeni wesibeletho bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini ukukhubazeka. I-Pap smear ye-anal ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuthola i-SIL endunu.
2. I-Colposcopy: Uma umbiko wakho we-Pap smear ubonisa i-SIL, udokotela wakho cishe uzoyala lokhu kuhlolwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa ilensi ekhethekile yokukhulisa ebizwa ngokuthi i-colposcope ukubheka umlomo wesibeletho kanye nesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Uma kukhona okungajwayelekile, kungabonakala ngokucacile.
3. I-Biopsy: Uma udokotela ebona noma iyiphi indawo esolisayo ngesikhathi se-colposcopy, kususwa ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-biopsy. Yilokhu okunquma ukuthi ngabe yi-SIL, i-LSIL, i-HSIL, noma into engathi sína kakhulu.
Kusho ukuthini ukuthi 'I-Negative for squamous intraepithelial lesion'?
Uma umbiko wakho we-Pap smear uthi ``(NILM - Negative for Intraepithelial Lesion or Malignancy)``, lezo yizindaba ezinhle. Kusho ukuthi akukho okungajwayelekile noma izimpawu zomdlavuza ezitholakale emangqamuzaneni akho esibelethweni. Kodwa noma ngabe lo mphumela muhle, kubalulekile ukulandela udokotela wakho ngezikhathi ezinconywayo.Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokwenza izivivinyo ze-Pap smear.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-SIL?
Indlela yokwelapha incike ekutheni une-LSIL noma i-HSIL, ukuthi ikuphi, kanye neminyaka yakho kanye nempilo yakho.
- Nge-LSIL: Iningi lamacala e-LSIL, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abasebasha, axazululeka ngokwawo ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke udokotela wakho uvame ukulandela indlela "yokulinda ngokuqapha". Lokho kusho ukuthola i-Pap smear njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6 kuya onyakeni ukuze kubonakale ukuthi iseli liyashintsha noma liyathuthuka.
- Nge-HSIL: I-HSIL ivame ukudinga ukwelashwa ngoba inengozi enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza kune-LSIL. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha:
| Indlela yokwelapha | Indlela yokukwenza |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa ngezihloko | Kwezinye izimo, kufakwa ukhilimu endaweni lapho kukhona khona amangqamuzana angajwayelekile. Lawa abulala amangqamuzana angajwayelekile noma avuselele amasosha omzimba. |
| Ukwelashwa nge-Cryotherapy | Into ebandayo kakhulu, njenge-nitrogen ewuketshezi, isetshenziselwa ukuqandisa nokubhubhisa izicubu eziqukethe amaseli angavamile. |
| Ukwelashwa nge-laser | Umsebe we-laser onamandla uqondiswa ukushisa nokususa izicubu ezingavamile. |
| Ukuhlinzwa okungavamile | Lena yindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. I-LEEP (Inqubo Yokuhlinza Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Electrosurgical Excision) noma i-Cone Biopsy ye-HSIL yomlomo wesibelethoNgezindlela ezinjengalezi, ingxenye enamaseli angavamile kuphela esikwa ngesimo sekhoni bese isuswa. |
Iyini amathuba okuba nomdlavuza uma une-HSIL?
Lokhu kuyikwesaba okukhulu kubantu abaningi. Ukuthi nje umbiko uthi i-HSIL akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Kusho ukuthi kukhona amangqamuzana athile angaphenduka abe umdlavuza.
Ngokusho kocwaningo, uma kungelashwa, amacala e-HSIL anethuba elincane elingu-2% lokuphenduka umdlavuza. Kodwa akekho ongasho ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi lokho kwenzeke. Kungaba iminyaka eyi-10, kungaba izinyanga eziyi-10.
Yingakho singathathi noma yiziphi izingozi, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho siqinisekiswa ukuthi sine-HSIL, sisusa lawo maseli angajwayelekile ngokwelashwa okufanele okunconywe udokotela. Ngokwenza kanjalo, singayiqeda cishe ngokuphelele ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza.
Ingabe i-SIL ingavinjelwa?
Indlela engcono kakhulu nephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela i-SIL ukugwema ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-HPV, okuyimbangela yalo eyinhloko.
1. Thola Umjovo we-HPV: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Umjovo we-HPV uvikela ku-90% wezinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-HPV ezibangela umdlavuza kanye ne-SIL. Ukuthola lo mjovo ngesikhathi esifanele (ngokuvamile kumantombazane nabafana abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-9-14) kunganciphisa kakhulu izingozi zesikhathi esizayo. Uma ungaphezu kwaleyo minyaka, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi lo mjovo ufanele yini iminyaka yakho.
2. Ucansi oluphephile: Ukusebenzisa amakhondomu ngendlela efanele njalo uma uya ocansini kungakuvikela ezifweni ezithathelwana ngocansi, okuhlanganisa ne-HPV.
3. Ukunciphisa abalingani bocansi: Ingozi yokutheleleka nge-HPV iyanda ngenani labalingani.
4. Yenza ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap smear ngesikhathi: Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu, yenza ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap smear ngezikhathi ezinconywa udokotela wakho, kuye ngeminyaka yakho kanye nengozi yakho. Uma kukhona ushintsho, lungatholakala ezingeni le-LSIL ngaphambi kokuba luqhubekele esimweni esibucayi njenge-HSIL.
Kuvamile ukwesaba uma uthola ukuxilongwa kwe-SIL. Kodwa akusikho ukuphela komhlaba. Kuyisixwayiso somzimba wakho, uthi, "Nansi into encane, ake sinake lokhu." Khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho bese ulalela incazelo yombiko. Cacisa ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo. Uma kutholakale kusenesikhathi futhi kwelashwa kahle, lesi yisimo esingelapheka ngokuphelele.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-SIL (Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion) ayisona umdlavuza. Yisimo sangaphambi komdlavuza esingaba umdlavuza.
- Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu igciwane le-HPV elidluliselwa ngocansi.
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-SIL: i-LSIL (ushintsho oluncane, oluvame ukuzixazulula ngokwalo ) kanye ne-HSIL (ushintsho olusezingeni eliphezulu, oludinga ukwelashwa).
- I-SIL ivame ukungabi nazimpawu, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap ngesikhathi.
- Ngisho noma i-HSIL ikhona, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele (isib. i-LEEP) kungavimbela cishe ngokuphelele ukukhula komdlavuza.
- Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV nokwenza ucansi oluphephile kuyizindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela i-SIL.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngombiko wakho, cela udokotela wakho ukuthi akucacisele.
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