Ingabe uke waqala ngokuzumayo ukuba nobuhlungu obukhulu esiswini? Ingabe indle yakho ayinambala futhi inamanzi? Ingabe uzizwa ubuthakathaka futhi uhlanza? Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, sivame ukucabanga ukuthi kumane kuyibuhlungu besisu obuvamile. Kodwa lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungaba izimpawu zesimo esibi kakhulu esibizwa ngokuthi i-Cholera . Ungesabi uma uzwa leli gama. Uma unolwazi olufanele futhi uthola ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, lesi yisifo esingelapheka ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke namuhla, sizokhuluma nge-cholera ngendlela elula kakhulu, okungukuthi, ukuthi yenzeka kanjani, izimpawu, izindlela zokuvimbela, kanye nokwelashwa.
Iyini ngempela i-Cholera?
Kalula nje, ikholera iwukutheleleka kwamagciwane okwenzeka emathunjini ethu. Lapho amabhaktheriya ayibangela engena emizimbeni yethu, ibangela uhudo olunzima nolunamanzi. Lokhu akufani nohudo oluvamile. Phakathi namahora ambalwa, inani elikhulu lamanzi nama -electrolyte , okuyizisawoti ezibalulekile ukuze umzimba wethu usebenze, kuyalahleka.
Lokhu kulahlekelwa uketshezi emzimbeni, esikubiza ngokuthi ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni , kuyisimo esiyingozi kakhulu. Uma kungelashwa ngesikhathi, izinkinga ezibangelwa yilokhu kuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni zingaba yingozi.
Ngakho khumbula, uma unesifo sohudo esibi kakhulu, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi, ikakhulukazi uketshezi olufana noJeevani. Uma isimo sibi kakhulu, okusho ukuthi unesifo sohudo esibi kakhulu, ukuhlanza, noma uzizwa ubuthakathaka, iya e-ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) yesibhedlela ngaphandle kokungabaza.
I-cholera ivame ukusabalala ezindaweni ezingenawo amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile kanye nendle efanele. Ingatholakala futhi ngokudla ukudla kwasolwandle okungaphekiwe kahle, ikakhulukazi i-shellfish. Ezweni lakithi, kunengozi yokuthi lesi sifo sisabalale ngemva kwezinhlekelele zemvelo ezifana nezikhukhula kanye nokudilika komhlaba.
Ziyini izimpawu zekholera?
Uphawu oluyinhloko noluyingozi kakhulu lwekholera uhudo olunzima, olunamanzi. Kukhona isici esikhethekile salokhu. Odokotela basibiza ngokuthi “indle yamanzi elayisi.” Okusho ukuthi, indle ayiyona into engenambala kakhulu, kodwa iwuketshezi olumhlophe. Lolu hudo lungabangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okusongela impilo emahoreni ambalwa.
Ngaphezu kwalesi sibonakaliso esiyinhloko, kungase kube nezinye izimpawu eziningana. Bheka ithebula elingezansi.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Uhudo olubi kakhulu | Ukuphuma kwamanzi okuqhubekayo. Ukubukeka kufana "namanzi elayisi". |
| Ukuhlanza | Kungavela ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo. |
| Ukoma ngokweqile | Kubangelwa ukulahlekelwa okukhulu koketshezi emzimbeni. |
| Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha | Ukulahlekelwa usawoti njenge-sodium ne-potassium emzimbeni kubangela ukuthi inyama esemilenzeni nasezingalweni ibe nsundu. |
| Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka | Ukuzizwa ungenampilo. |
| Isiyezi | Kungase kubangelwe ukwehla komfutho wegazi. |
| Ukuncipha kokuchama | Uphawu olukhulu lokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Kungase kungabikho ukuchama. |
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo | Inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ngenxa yokwehla kwamazinga oketshezi emzimbeni. |
Kodwa kukhona okunye okubalulekile lapha. Abantu abaningi abangenwe yi-cholera ababonisi zimpawu . Kodwa bangaba namagciwane endle yabo. Ngakho-ke bangasabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye.
Ikhula kanjani ikholera? Iyini imbangela?
Ikholera ibangelwa yi -Vibrio cholerae.Ibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi. Leli bhaktheriya lithanda ukuhlala emanzini afudumele kancane, anosawoti omncane.
Siyithola kanjani ikholera?
Leli gciwane lingena emizimbeni yethu ngamanzi esiwaphuzayo noma ngokudla esikudlayo.
- Ukuphuza amanzi angcolile: Imbangela eyinhloko ukuphuza amanzi angcoliswe yindle yomuntu onesifo sekholera.
- Ukudla okucutshungulwe ngamanzi angcolile: Ukugeza imifino nezithelo ngalolu hlobo lwamanzi noma ukupheka ukudla.
- Ukudla kwasolwandle okungaphekiwe: Leli gciwane lingatholakala ezilwaneni ezifana nama-oyster nezinkalankala ezidliwa ngaphandle kokuzipheka kahle.
Uma leli gciwane lingena esiswini sethu, linamathela odongeni lwamathumbu ethu amancane. Ukusuka lapho, leli gciwane likhiqiza ubuthi. Lobo buthi buvuselela amangqamuzana amathumbu ethu futhi bubangele ukuthi akhiphe amanzi amaningi nosawoti emathunjini. Yingakho sithola isifo sohudo esibi kakhulu.
I-cholera ayisona isifo esisakazeka kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye ngokuthimula noma ukukhwehlela njengomkhuhlane ovamile. Sidluliselwa ngokungaqondile. Okusho ukuthi, sisakazeka emphakathini ngomthombo wamanzi ongcoliswe yindle yesiguli.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola ikholera?
Noma ubani ongenawo amanzi ahlanzekile kanye nendle angathola ikholera, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Abantu abanegazi lohlobo O: Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abanegazi lohlobo O banamathuba amaningi okuba nezimpawu ezimbi kakhulu uma bethola ikholera kunabantu abanezinye izinhlobo zegazi.
- Abantu abane-asidi ephansi esiswini: I-asidi esesiswini sethu iyisivikelo esibulala amagciwane amaningi angena. Abantu abathatha imithi yesikhathi eside ye-gastritis (isib., ama-Proton Pump Inhibitors afana ne-Omeprazole) bane-asidi ephansi esiswini. Ngakho-ke, banethuba elincane lokusinda kuleli gciwane.
- Abantu abanesifo se-H. pylori: Lokhu futhi ukutheleleka ngamagciwane okwenzeka esiswini.
- Abantu abake basuswa isisu ngokuhlinzwa (i-Gastrectomy).
Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma uya esibhedlela, udokotela uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma kusolwa ukuthi une-cholera, kuzothunyelwa isampula yendle ukuze ihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Lokhu kungabona ukuthi kukhona i-bacterium `Vibrio cholerae`. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa futhi ukuze kuhlolwe ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye namazinga kasawoti.
Wenzani njengokwelashwa?
Into eyinhloko nebaluleke kakhulu lapho welapha ikholera ukubuyisela ngokushesha uketshezi nosawoti okulahlekile emzimbeni.
1. Ukubuyiselwa Amanzi Emzimbeni: Uma isiguli siphaphama futhi singahlanzi, nikeza isixazululo sokubuyiselwa amanzi emzimbeni (i-ORS) kuqala.Ukupha. Ezweni lakithi, lokhu sikubiza nangokuthi "iJeevani." Kuqukethe inani elifanele lamanzi, ushukela, nosawoti okudingwa ngumzimba.
2. Uketshezi Olufakwa Emthanjeni: Uma isiguli siphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni kakhulu, singazi lutho, noma siqhubeka nokuhlanza, uketshezi oluphuzwa ngomlomo alunakunikezwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, usawoti (uketshezi lwe-IV) unikezwa ngemithambo yegazi.
3. Ama-antibiotic: Uma udokotela enquma ukuthi kuyadingeka, kuzonikezwa ama-antibiotic anjenge -Doxycycline ne -Azithromycin. Le mithi inganciphisa isikhathi sohudo kanye nokususwa kwamagciwane emzimbeni.
4. Izithasiselo ze-zinc: Ukunikeza izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 i-zinc kutholakale ukuthi kunciphisa ubukhali kanye nobude besikhathi sohudo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Esimweni esifana nekholera , ungalokothi usebenzise imithi yokwelapha isifo sohudo (isibonelo, imithi equkethe i-Loperamide) ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Ukwenza kanjalo kungavimbela amabhaktheriya kanye nobuthi bawo ekuphumeni emzimbeni, okwenza ukugula kube kubi kakhulu.
Kufanele siye nini e-ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) ngokushesha?
Uhudo lungabangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngakho-ke uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho enezimpawu ezilandelayo, ungachithi isikhathi uye esibhedlela ngokushesha.
| Izimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okukhulu |
|---|
| - Ukuphenduka kwenyama okunamandla (ikakhulukazi emilenzeni) |
| - Ukoma ngokweqile okungenakuqedwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphuza amanzi angakanani |
| - Ukuchama kuncishisiwe kakhulu noma kuyeke ngokuphelele |
| - Isiyezi esikhulu kanye nobuthakathaka bekhanda |
| - Isilinganiso senhliziyo sishesha kakhulu |
| - Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukungazi, noma ukukhuluma okungacacile |
Ungazivikela kanjani ekholera? Izindlela zokuvimbela
I-Cholera yisifo esingasivimbela ngokuphelele. Akudingeki senze noma yini ekhethekile ukuze siyivimbele. Kwanele ukwenza izinguquko ezithile emikhubeni yethu yansuku zonke.
Yini okufanele siyenze thina ngabanye?
- Ukuphuza amanzi ahlanzekile: Phuza amanzi abilisiwe noma asemabhodleleni njalo. Uma unokungabaza ngobumsulwa bamanzi, ungawaphuzi.
- Geza izandla zakho njalo: Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi ahlanzekile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi kokudla, ukulungisa ukudla, nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
- Pheka ukudla kahle: Pheka yonke inyama, inhlanzi, nemifino kahle. Ikakhulukazi pheka ukudla kwasolwandle (ama-mussels, ama-shrimp, ama-squid) kuze kuphekwe kahle.
- Qaphela ukudla okuluhlaza: Geza ukudla okuluhlaza okufana namasaladi kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Qaphela lezi zinto uma udla ngaphandle.
- Ukugeza Izithelo: Geza izithelo kahle ngaphambi kokudla. Uma kungenzeka, susa isikhumba ngaphambi kokudla.
- Ukugcina izindlu zangasese zihlanzekile: Ukusebenzisa izindawo zangasese ezifanele nokuzigcina zihlanzekile kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwezifo.
Uma uya endaweni eyingozi...
Uma uya endaweni lapho ikholera ivame khona noma uhlala endaweni esengozini ngenxa yezimo ezifana nezikhukhula, kunezinye izinto ezimbalwa ongazenza ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla.
- Umuthi Wokugomela I-Cholera: Kukhona umuthi wokugomela ngomlomo wokuvikela ikholera. Uma uya endaweni esengozini, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu bese uthola iseluleko.
- Amanzi asebhodleleni: Sebenzisa amanzi asebhodleleni njalo. Kuphephile ukusebenzisa amanzi asebhodleleni ngisho nasekuxubheni amazinyo akho.
- Amaphilisi okuhlanza amanzi: Gcina izinto ezifana namaphilisi e-chlorine eduze. Lawa angafakwa emanzini ukubulala amagciwane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ikholera iyisifo esibangelwa amagciwane. Isici sayo esiyinhloko nesiyingozi kakhulu ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okubangelwa uhudo olunzima.
- Uma unesifo sohudo esifana "namanzi elayisi," kungaba uphawu oluyinhloko lwekholera.
- Isinyathelo sokuqala ekwelashweni ukufaka esikhundleni uketshezi nosawoti olahlekile emzimbeni. Iziphuzo ezifana ne-ORS zibaluleke kakhulu kulokhu.
- Ungalokothi uthathe imithi yokulwa nesifo sohudo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Kungenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.
- Uma unezimpawu ezinzima njengokuhlanza ngokweqile, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, kanye nokuncipha kokuchama, hamba ngokushesha uye esibhedlela i-ETU .
- I-cholera ingavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokuphuza amanzi abilisiwe, ukugeza izandla kahle ngensipho, nokupheka ukudla kahle.
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