Sonke siyesaba kancane igama elithi "cholesterol," akunjalo? Sivame ukuzwa ukuthi i-cholesterol ephezulu ingaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo kanye nohlangothi. Empeleni kuningi iqiniso kule ndaba. Lapho i-cholesterol inqwabelana emithanjeni yethu yegazi futhi iqala ukuyivala, yilapho lezi zifo eziyingozi ziba yinkinga. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ziyini lezi zindawo ezigciniwe ze-cholesterol, zakha kanjani, nokuthi singazigwema kanjani futhi sihlale siphilile.
Kuyini ukwakheka kwe-cholesterol kanye ne-atherosclerosis?
Kalula nje, kufana nothuli oluqongelela ngaphakathi kwamapayipi ethu amanzi bese luwavala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-cholesterol, amafutha, nezinye izinto zakha emithanjeni yegazi, ezibizwa ngokuthi imithambo yegazi, bese zakha "ama-plaque." Kwezokwelapha , le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis .
Imbangela enkulu yalokhu yi -cholesterol ye-LDL . Njengoba sonke sazi, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-cholesterol embi" . Le cholesterol ye-LDL yiyo elimaza izindonga zemithambo yegazi bese iqala ukugcwala lapho. Into eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi lesi simo sikhula buthule ngaphakathi emzimbeni iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kwezimpawu.
Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis, siyimbangela eyinhloko yezimo ezimbi njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, kanye nesifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle.
Lezi zinhlayiya ze-cholesterol zakheka kanjani?
Lokhu akwenzeki ngobusuku obubodwa. Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ethatha iminyaka. Cabanga ukuthi imithambo yethu ifana namapayipi anobuso obubushelelezi kakhulu, obufana nosilika ngaphakathi. Le nqubo yenzeka kanje.
- Isinyathelo 1: Ukulimala odongeni lwemithambo yegazi: Izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol ephezulu, ukubhema, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, nesifo sikashukela zingaklwebha, noma zonakalise ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi olubushelelezi lwemithambo yegazi (i-endothelium). Kufana nokuklwebha udonga oluhle.
- Isinyathelo 2: Ukungena Kwe-Cholesterol: Kusukela kulezi zindawo ezonakele, i-cholesterol "embi" ye-LDL entanta egazini ingena kancane kancane odongeni lwemithambo yegazi. Bese iqala ukunqwabelana lapho.
- Isinyathelo Sesithathu: Ukwakheka kwe-Plaque: Amaseli amhlophe egazi emzimbeni wethu eza lapho ukuze "adle" le cholesterol engene odongeni lwemithambo yegazi. Kodwa lokhu kufana nempi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wonke lawa maseli afile ne-cholesterol ayaqoqana futhi akhe uqweqwe olujiyile njengephalishi. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-cholesterol plaque.
Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kangangokuthi ngezinye izikhathi izigaba zokuqala zalezi zinhlayiya (imivimbo yamafutha) zingabonakala ngisho nasemithanjeni yabantu abasha.
Yimuphi umonakalo ongaba khona kulezi zinhlayiya emizimbeni yethu?
Uma sekwakheke ngaphakathi kodonga lwemithambo yegazi, lawa ma-deposit angasebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene. Amanye awo angase angakhuli abe makhulu futhi ahlale enjalo. Amanye awo angase akhule abe makhulu futhi avimbele ukuhamba kwegazi kancane kancane. Kodwa into eyingozi kakhulu engenzeka ukuthi le deposit iqhuma ngokuzumayo (ukuqhekeka) .
Uma lokho kwenzeka, umzimba wethu wakha ngokushesha ihlule legazi ukuze uvale inxeba. Cabanga ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani uma ihlule legazi lingakheka ngokuzumayo ngaphakathi komthambo osuvele unciphile bese ulivala ngokuphelele? Leso yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Kwenzeka kanjani nokuthi kusho ukuthini |
|---|---|
| Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo | Uma lawa ma-deposit akheka emithanjeni ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni, angabangela ubuhlungu besifuba (i-angina). Uma i-deposit iqhuma futhi ivimbe ngokuphelele i-artery, imisipha yenhliziyo iyafa ngaphandle kokunikezwa kwegazi. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo . |
| Isifo Semithambo Yegazi | Uma ihlule emthanjeni ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni liqhuma, lingalimaza ubuchopho futhi libangele isifo sohlangothi . Ngezinye izikhathi umthambo uvalekile okwesikhashana bese kuvela izimpawu ziphinde ziphele. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack). Lesi yisibonakaliso esibucayi sokuthi isifo sohlangothi esikhulu siyeza. |
| Isifo Semithambo Engasogwini (i-PAD) | Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi emilenzeni. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu emilenzeni lapho uhamba, kanye nokuphulukiswa kancane kwamanxeba. Uma lesi sifo siqhubeka, singadinga ngisho nokunqunywa kwemilenze. |
Singasinda kanjani kulesi simo esiyingozi?
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-atherosclerosis iyisimo esingavinjelwa. Kunezici ezingu-9 ezinkulu ezibangela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okungu-90%. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Isici sengozi | Okudingeka sikwazi |
|---|---|
| Ukubhema | Kulimaza ngqo izindonga zemithambo yegazi. |
| I-cholesterol ephezulu | Ihlinzeka ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezidingekayo ukuze kwakheke amadiphozithi. |
| Umfutho wegazi ophakeme | Kulimaza izindonga zemithambo yegazi ngokuzifaka ingcindezi kuzo. |
| Isifo sikashukela | Ukwanda kwamazinga kashukela egazini kuyingozi emithanjeni yegazi. |
| Ukukhuluphala kwesisu (amafutha esiswini) | Isibonakaliso esanda ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. |
| Ukucindezeleka | Ukucindezeleka isikhathi eside kuyingozi emzimbeni. |
| Ukudla izithelo nemifino kancane | Umzimba awutholi ama-antioxidants owadingayo. |
| Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokweqile | Kuthinta i-cholesterol kanye nomfutho wegazi. |
| Ukuntuleka kokuvivinya umzimba | Yehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol amahle futhi yandisa i-cholesterol embi. |
Njengoba ubona, iningi lalezi zinto eziyingozi yizinto esingazilawula . Lokho kusho ukuthi sinethuba elikhulu lokugwema lesi sifo esiyingozi ngokushintsha indlela yethu yokuphila.
Indlela yokwelapha nokuphatha?
I-atherosclerosis kunzima ukuyiguqula ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila, lawa ma-deposit angamiswa noma ehliswe ijubane . Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezinamandla zinganciphisa noma zisuse ngisho nama-deposit.
Izinguquko Zendlela Yokuphila
Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu futhi yokuqala okufanele yenziwe.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wehlisa isisindo noma cha, ukuzivocavoca nsuku zonke kwandisa i-cholesterol "enhle" ye-HDL.
- Ukudla okunempilo: Yidla ukudla okune-fiber eningi namafutha amancane. Yidla izithelo, imifino kanye nemifino eminingi.
- I-Omega-3: Ukudla okucebile nge-omega-3, njengenhlanzi enamafutha (i-salmon, i-mackerel, i-herring), kungandisa i-cholesterol "enhle" ye-HDL.
- Yeka ukubhema: Yeka ukubhema namuhla. Kungenye yezipho ezinhle kakhulu onganikeza inhliziyo yakho.
Imithi
Ngaphezu kokushintsha indlela yokuphila, abanye abantu bangase banikezwe imithi ngudokotela wabo.
- Ama-statin: Lawa yimithi evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokwehlisa i-cholesterol. Anganciphisa kakhulu i-cholesterol "embi" ye-LDL. (Isibonelo: i-Atorvastatin, i-Rosuvastatin, i-Simvastatin). Aqinisa ama-plaque futhi anciphise ingozi yokuqhekeka.
- Ama-fibrate: Lawa asiza ekunciphiseni olunye uhlobo lwamafutha olubizwa ngokuthi ama-triglycerides (isib. i-Gemfibrozil, i-Fenofibrate).
- Imithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi: Uma une-high blood pressure, kufanele uthathe imithi oyinikezwe ukuze uyilawule njengoba uyalelwe.
- Izinto zokunciphisa igazi: Imithi efana ne-aspirin ne-clopidogrel inganciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi. Kodwa-ke, ungalokothi uqale ukuthatha le mithi ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala .
Izinqubo ezikhethekile ezingenziwa ngezinye izikhathi
Uma imithambo yegazi ivalekile kakhulu futhi izimpawu zinzima, odokotela bangase basebenzise izinqubo ezikhethekile.
- I-Angioplasty kanye ne-Stenting:Kulokhu, ipayipi elincane kakhulu (i-catheter) lidluliselwa ngemithambo esemlenzeni noma engalweni liye enhliziyweni, bese kusetshenziswa ibhaluni elincane ukufutha indawo evinjiwe. Bese kufakwa ipayipi elincane elifana ne-mesh (i-stent) emthambo ukuze livimbele ukuthi lingaphinde linciphe.
- Ukuhlinzwa Kokudlula Igazi: Kulokhu, odokotela abahlinzayo bathatha umthambo wegazi ophilile kwenye ingxenye yomzimba (umlenze noma isifuba) bese bedala umzila omusha wegazi ukuze ligeleze endaweni evinjiwe. Kufana nokudala indlela yokudlula ukuze kudlule umgwaqo ovinjiwe.
Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zindlela zinezingozi ezithile, zinconywa kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-atherosclerosis yisimo esiyingozi esikhula buthule emzimbeni iminyaka eminingi. Ungalindi kuze kuvele izimpawu.
- Indlela yakho yokuphila iyisikhali sakho esikhulu. Ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, nokuyeka ukubhema kungenza umehluko omkhulu.
- Hlala uqaphele i-cholesterol yakho, umfutho wegazi kanye namazinga kashukela. Thola ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha.
- Uma unenkinga noma unomlando womndeni we-cholesterol noma isifo senhliziyo, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
- Phuza imithi yakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele, ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Gwema ukuqala noma ukuyeka imithi ngokwakho.
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