Singakhuluma nge-Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), isifo sobuchopho esibangelwa ukulimala ekhanda okuphindaphindiwe?

Amakhanda ethu ayigugu kakhulu futhi ayazwela, akunjalo? Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, lapho sidlala imidlalo, siwa, noma sinezinye izingozi, singathola ukulimala okuncane kanye nemihuzuko emakhanda ethu. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi lapho amakhanda ethu ehlaselwa yizinto ezinjalo, hhayi kanye noma kabili kuphela, kodwa njalo, iminyaka, kungalimaza ubuchopho bethu. Leso ngesinye sezimo ezimbi kakhulu, zesikhathi eside esizokhuluma ngazo namuhla, i-chronic traumatic encephalopathy, noma i-CTE ngamafuphi.

Kuyini i-CTE (Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy)?

Kalula nje, i-CTE iyisifo sobuchopho esibangelwa ukushaywa ikhanda okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokuxhuzula. Ingashintsha indlela izingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho bakho ezisebenza ngayo futhi zokuxhumana ngayo. Kufana nomshini osebenza kahle ngokuzumayo ophelelwa amandla. Kuye ngokuthi umonakalo ungakanani kanye nezingxenye zobuchopho ezithintekile, kungaba kubi kakhulu.

Ake sichaze incazelo yegama elithi CTE kancane:

• Okungalapheki: Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-CTE akuyona into ekhula futhi iphele ngesikhathi esifushane, kodwa iyisimo sesikhathi eside .
• Okubuhlungu: Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuhlobene nokulimala noma ukuhlukumezeka .
• I-Encephalopathy: Leli yigama elisuselwa emagameni amabili esiGreki. Leli gama lisho "isifo sobuchopho."

Ngakho-ke, uma sihlanganisa konke lokhu, siyaqonda ukuthi i-CTE yisifo sobuchopho sesikhathi eside esibangelwa ukulimala ekhanda okuphindaphindiwe.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-CTE?

I-CTE ingakhula kunoma ubani oke waba nokuxhuzula. Kodwa akwenzeki ngobusuku obubodwa. Kubantu abaningi, kungathatha iminyaka, ngisho namashumi eminyaka, ukuba izimpawu zibonakale. Ngokuvamile, abantu abathola i-CTE balokhu benokuxhuzula iminyaka. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kubadlali abangochwepheshe.

Cabanga ngakho, abantu abadlala imidlalo efana nebhokisi, i-MMA (i-mixed kartial arts), i-rugby, kanye nebhola. Bashaywa kangaki ekhanda? Futhi, abanye abasebenzi bezempi basengozini ngoba kufanele babhekane nezinto ezifana nokuqhuma.

Kodwa nansi into. Akuwona wonke umuntu odlala ezemidlalo esikoleni othuthukisa le nkinga. Isilinganiso seminyaka yalabo abatholakale benesifo se-CTE siphakathi kweminyaka engama-42-43. Lokho kusho ukuthi sibonakala kamuva.

Uma sibheka ngokucacile ukuthi ubani osengozini enkulu:

• Abantu abaqhuba imidlalo yokulwa: I-Boxing, i-mixed kartial arts (MMA), kanye ne-martial arts yendabuko njenge-taekwondo ne-judo nabo basengozini.
• Abantu abadlala imidlalo yokuxhumana: ikakhulukazi imidlalo efana nebhola lezinyawo (laseMelika), i-ice hockey, kanye ne-rugby.
• Abantu abenza imisebenzi yasemgwaqweni: abagibela amabhayisikili, abagibela ama-rollerblading, abagibela ama-skateboard (ingozi iphezulu uma bengagqokile isigqoko).
• Abasebenzi bezempi: Labo ababhekene nokuqhuma kanye nokulimala kobuchopho okufanayo okubuhlungu.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Eqinisweni, ochwepheshe abazi kahle ukuthi i-CTE ivame kangakanani. Esinye isizathu ukuthi okwamanje ayikho indlela yokuqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi umuntu unalesi sifo esaphila. Odokotela bangasola, kodwa abakwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile ngaphandle kokuhlola ubuchopho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesidumbu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu ze-CTE zifana kakhulu nezinye izifo zobuchopho ezifana nesifo i-Alzheimer's kanye ne-frontotemporal dementia , ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi ezimbili.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-CTE?

Izimpawu ze-CTE zivame ukukhula kancane, zikhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi ziqala nini noma ukuthi zithuthuka ngokushesha kangakanani.

Ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo nokucabanga ngento eyodwa (siphinde sikubize ngokuthi "ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okuncane").
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda obuhlala bukhona.
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yesikhashana (angikhumbuli okwenzekile noma okushiwoyo).
• Izinguquko zokuziphatha: Izinto ezifana nokuthukuthela ngokuzumayo, ukuthukuthela kuze kube seqophelweni lokuqhuma.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungase kuvele ezinye izimpawu:

• Ukucindezeleka (ukuzizwa udangele, ukungabi nandaba nanoma yini).
• Ubunzima bokuhlela nokwenza imisebenzi ngendlela efanele (`(Ukungasebenzi kahle kwabaphathi)`).
• Ukungakhulumi kahle, inkulumo engakhulumi kahle.
• Ukuthuthumela emilenzeni kanye nokunyakaza kwemisipha okungalawuleki (okubizwa nangokuthi "i-Parkinsonism", okufana nezimpawu zikaParkinson).
• Kufana nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi ngenkathi uhamba, uzulazula.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuhambisana kwezitho zomzimba (`(Ataxia)`).
• Ukwanda kokuziphatha okunolaka.
• Imicabango yokuzilimaza, imicabango yokuzibulala noma imizamo yokuzibulala.

Okubalulekile: Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enale micabango, sicela ufune usizo ngokushesha. Shayela udokotela, umngane, noma inombolo ephuthumayo.

Yini ebangela i-CTE?

Kunezici ezimbili eziyinhloko ezifaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwe-CTE.

1. Ukulimala ekhanda okuphindaphindiwe:

Lokhu kubhekwa njengembangela eyinhloko ye-CTE. Into ebalulekile ukuthi akuwona wonke amanxeba adinga ukuthi umuntu 'akhishwe'.Ngisho namaqhubu amancane nemivimbo kuyanqwabelana eminyakeni edlule ukuze kudaleke lesi simo. Cabanga ngakho njengokushaya udonga ngokuphindaphindiwe ngesando. Ukushaya kanye ngeke kwenze lukhulu, kodwa uma uqhubeka ukushaya, kulapho udonga luzolimaza khona kakhulu.

2. Ukuqongelela kwamaprotheni asongwe kabi ebuchosheni:

Amaprotheni ayizinhlayiya zamakhemikhali ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Lawa maprotheni ayadingeka kuyo yonke imisebenzi. Kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheni olubizwa ngokuthi 'i-tau' ebuchosheni bethu. Le phrotheni 'i-tau' isebenza njengokusekela amangqamuzana obuchopho.

Ukuze iphrotheni isebenze kahle, idinga ukuba sesimweni esifanele. Njengoba nje isihluthulelo sidinga ukungena enkingeni. Kodwa, ngenxa yalokhu kulimala okuphindaphindiwe ekhanda, lawa maprotheni '(tau)' ashintsha isimo sawo futhi ayeka ukusebenza kahle. Khona-ke lawa maprotheni '(tau)' aphazamisekile aqala ukuqongelela ezindaweni ezahlukene ebuchosheni. Njengodoti. Yileyo ndlela, uma ubona lawa maprotheni '(tau)' eqongelela ngendlela ethile, i-CTE okwamanje iqinisekiswa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesidumbu.

I-CTE ihlolwa kanjani ngempela?

Lokhu kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Okwamanje ayikho indlela yokuqinisekisa ngokuqiniseka okungu-100% ukuthi umuntu une-CTE esaphila. Okuwukuphela kwendlela ukuthatha amasampula ezicubu zobuchopho ngemva kokufa bese uwahlola ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, odokotela bangabheka izimpawu zomuntu, umlando wokulimala ekhanda, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba nangokwezinzwa, bese beqagela, "Lo muntu angase abe ne-CTE." Lokho sikubiza ngokuthi "ukuxilongwa okucatshangelwayo."

Uma odokotela besola i-CTE, bavame uku-oda uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ukuze banqume ezinye izimo. Nakuba lezi zivivinyo zingenakukwazi ukuxilonga i-CTE ngqo, zingasiza ekunqumeni ezinye izimbangela. Lezi zivivinyo zifaka:

• Ukuskena kwe-CT
• Izikrini ze-MRI
• Ukuskena kwe-PET
• Ukuhlolwa okuhilela ukuthatha uketshezi oluvela emgogodleni (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukubhoboza kwe-Lumbar" noma "ukumpompa komgogodla")

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha lokhu? Ingabe ingelapheka?

Ngeshwa, okwamanje alikho ikhambi le-CTE. Lokhu kuwukulimala kobuchopho okungapheli.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye zezimpawu ezivelayo zingelashwa. Isibonelo, kunezindlela zokwelapha izinkinga zenkumbulo, izinguquko zokuziphatha, kanye nokucindezeleka. Ukuthi lezo zindlela zokwelapha ziyini nokuthi zinikezwa kanjani kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa izimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wakho wezempilo. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukunikeza iseluleko ngalokhu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindlela ezithile zokuphila ezizuzisa impilo yobuchopho jikelele, futhi kubalulekile nokuzilandela.

Ingozi ingancishiswa kanjani? Ingabe ingavinjelwa?

Okudingeka ukwenze ukuze ugweme ngokuphelele i-CTEInto engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukunciphisa inani lokushaywa kanye nokuxhuzula ekhanda. Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezilula esingazenza ukuze senze lokhu:

• Dlala ngokuphephile: Uma udlala imidlalo ethinta kakhulu njengebhola lombhoxo kanye ne-rugby , qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka izimpahla zokuphepha ezifanele (njengesigqoko sokuzivikela). Kubalulekile futhi ukugwema ukushayisana okuyingozi futhi udlale ngaphandle kokubeka wena noma abanye engozini.
• Ungadlali ngokulimala: Ngisho noma ungazange ulahlekelwe ingqondo ngemva kokulimala ekhanda, kuyingozi ukudlala ngomcabango othi, "Ngiphilile, ngiphilile." Ukuxhuzula akusho ukuthi ulahlekelwa ingqondo. Uma uthola ukuxhuzula bese ushaywa ekhanda futhi, kungaba yingozi kakhulu.
• Gqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela uma ugibela amasondo amabili: Qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela uma ugibela ibhayisikili, ugibela i-rollerblading, noma ugibela i-skateboard. Kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokulimala ekhanda kanye nokuxhuzula.
• Gqoka ibhande lesihlalo: Izingozi zezimoto ziyimbangela ehamba phambili yokuxhuzula kwabadlali abangebona abasubathi. Ukugqoka ibhande lesihlalo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokulimala ekhanda engozini.

Yini umuntu one-CTE angayilindela?

Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, i-CTE iyisifo sobuchopho esiwohlokayo. Lokho kusho ukuthi izimpawu ziya ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungathatha iminyaka, ngisho namashumi eminyaka. Ochwepheshe okwamanje abanayo indlela yokubikezela ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ukusebenza kobuchopho kwehle.

Lesi simo sizohlala isikhathi esingakanani?

I-CTE iyisimo esihlala njalo, sokuphila konke.

Iyini ikusasa lalesi simo?

Ngokusho kocwaningo lwamanje nokuqonda, i-CTE ngokwayo ayibulali ngokuqondile. Kodwa-ke, ingabangela ezinye izinkinga zempilo ezingathinta kabi impilo yakho kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila. Isibonelo, ungase ungakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokudla, ukugeza, nokuzigqokisa. Abantu abanjalo bavame ukuhlala ezindaweni zokunakekelwa isikhathi eside, lapho kukhona khona abasebenzi bezokwelapha.

Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, kungase kube nobunzima bokugwinya (i-dysphagia) , okwandisa ingozi ye-pneumonia kanye nokwehluleka kokuphefumula.

Uzinakekela kanjani?

Ezigabeni zokuqala zalesi sifo, ungazinakekela ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sikadokotela. Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila ukuze ulawule izimpawu zakho. Kodwa-ke, njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, kungaba nzima ukwenza izinto wedwa. Ngeshwa, uma izimpawu zakho sezifinyelele ezingeni elithile, ungase uthole ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuhlala wedwa.

Ubungenzenjani uma ubufuna izinto zenzeke ngendlela obufisa ngayo?

Uma kutholakala ukuthi une-CTE (noma isifo sobuchopho esifanayo esiwohlozayo) ezigabeni zokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho, umndeni, kanye nabantu obathembayo abangakwenzela izinqumo ezibalulekile. Le ngxoxo ingabasiza bazi ukuthi yini oyithandayo uma ungakwazi ukuzenzela izinqumo.

Lezi zingxoxo zingaba nzima futhi zingabi mnandi. Kodwa kungcono ukuzixoxa ngokushesha kunokuba zisheshe. Ngaleyo ndlela, abathandekayo bakho bangazi kusengaphambili ukuthi yini oyifisayo. Ngeke bashiywe beqagela.

Ngaphezu kwaleyo ngxoxo, kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukubhala phansi izifiso zakho nezinqumo zakho. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi imibhalo yezomthetho, izinto ezifana nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ungakwazi ukuzinakekela noma ukwenza izinqumo ngempilo yakho. Abantu abaningi basebenzisa ummeli ukuze abasize badale lolu hlobo lwemibhalo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko endleleni ocabanga ngayo, inkumbulo, ukunaka, noma imizwa yakho, noma ukuziphatha kwakho, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.

Kufanele uye nini ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Uma unemicabango yokuzilimaza (kufaka phakathi imicabango yokuzibulala) noma yokulimaza abanye, funa usizo ngokushesha. Futhi, uma usola ukuthi othile omaziyo usengozini enjalo, mtshele ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukuze uthole usizo esimweni esinjengalesi, ungenza okulandelayo:

• Izinombolo zocingo zokuvimbela ukuzibulala eSri Lanka (isib. iSumitrayo 1333, i-CCCline 1926).
• Izinsizakalo zempilo yengqondo endaweni yakini.
• 1990 (Suvaseriya) noma 119 (Inombolo Yezimo Eziphuthumayo Zamaphoyisa). Ungashayela lezi zinombolo ukuze ucele usizo kumuntu osesimweni esiphuthumayo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-post-concussion syndrome (PCS) kanye ne-CTE?

Nakuba abanye abantu becabanga ukuthi i-"Post-concussion syndrome (PCS)" kanye ne-"Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)" ziyinto efanayo, lezi yizimo ezimbili ezihlukene.

• I-PCS `(Post-concussion syndrome)`: Lesi yisimo esenzeka ngemva kokulimala kwekhanda `(concussion)`. Kungahlala amasonto ambalwa, izinyanga ezimbalwa, kodwa kuyaphela njengoba ubuchopho buphola. Kukhona futhi isimo se-PCS sesikhathi eside, kodwa kuleso simo, iphrotheni `(tau)` esikhulume ngayo ayiqongelelani ngendlela engavamile ebuchosheni.
• I-CTE (Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy): Lesi yisifo sobuchopho esihlala njalo, esiqhubekayo esibonakala ngokuqongelela okungavamile kwe-protein tau.

Ekugcineni, khumbula lokhu.

I-CTE yisimo esibi kakhulu esingabangelwa ukushaywa ikhanda njalo. Kungathatha iminyaka ukuthi sikhule, futhi yisifo esibangela umonakalo ongapheli ebuchosheni futhi siba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinto esingazenza ukuvimbela lokhu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuzivikela ekushayweni okukhulu ekhanda okuphindaphindiwe. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela nokulandela izinqubo zokuphepha lapho udlala imidlalo noma wenza imisebenzi eyingozi.

Ucwaningo ngalesi sifo lusaqhubeka. Esikhathini esizayo, kungase kutholakale okwengeziwe mayelana nendlela lesi simo esenzeka ngayo, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nokwelashwa okusha. Ngakho-ke, sonke masiqaphele ukuvikela amakhanda ethu.

I- CTE, izifo zobuchopho, ukulimala kwekhanda, ukuxhuzula, iphrotheni ye-tau, ukulimala kwezemidlalo, izifo zezinzwa