Umsindo uyingxenye ebalulekile empilweni yethu. Izwi lomuntu esimthandayo, ingoma enhle, ukuhleka kwengane encane... Konke lokhu kuletha injabulo enkulu ezimpilweni zethu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yokuguga noma ngenxa yezinye izimo zezokwelapha, kancane kancane silahlekelwa yile misindo eyigugu. Kwabanye, ukusebenzisa 'i-Hearing Aid' kungaxazulula inkinga. Kodwa kwabanye, ngisho nange-hearing aid, kunzima ukuqonda okushiwoyo ngokucacile. Kusezimweni ezinjalo lapho odokotela bekhuluma khona ngobuchwepheshe obubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Cochlear Implant'. Ngakho-ke namuhla, sizokhuluma ngakho konke ngalokhu, kalula kakhulu, ngolimi mina nawe esingaluqonda.
Kuyini ngempela i-cochlear implant?
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kufana nensiza yokuzwa. Kodwa empeleni lokho akulungile. Lawa amadivayisi amabili ahlukene ngokuphelele asebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene.
- I-Hearing Aid: Cabanga ngayo njengemakrofoni. Ithatha imisindo esendaweni, iyikhulise, bese iyithumela endlebeni. Okusho ukuthi, i-hearing aid iwusizo kuphela uma izingxenye zendlebe ezibamba umsindo zisebenza kahle.
- I-Cochlear Implant: Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kalula nje, idlula izingxenye zendlebe ezonakele bese ithumela izimpawu zomsindo ngqo emthanjeni wokuzwa, oxhunywe ebuchosheni. Kufana nokwakha umgwaqo omusha lapho kunomgwaqo ophukile khona.
Le divayisi ivame ukunconywa kubantu abanenkinga yokuzwa okukhulu noma okukhulu, noma kulabo abangazuzi kakhulu ngezinsiza zokuzwa. Nakuba ingase ingabuyiseli i-100% yokuzwa kwakho okulahlekile, ingathuthukisa kakhulu ikhono lakho lokuqonda inkulumo nokubona imisindo ezungezile.
Le divayisi encane yenza kanjani umsebenzi omkhulu kangaka?
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani, sidinga kuqala ukuqonda ukuthi sivame ukuzwa kanjani. Uma umsindo ufika ezindlebeni zethu, uya engxenyeni efana ne-snail ngaphakathi kwendlebe ebizwa ngokuthi i-cochlea . Ngaphakathi kwale cochlea kunezinkulungwane zamaseli enzwa amahle kakhulu, afana nezinwele (amaseli ezinwele ezinzwa). Lawa maseli yiwo aguqula ukudlidliza komsindo kube izimpawu zikagesi ubuchopho obungaziqonda. Ngokuvamile, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwenzeka lapho lawa maseli enzwa elimele.
I-cochlear implant ithatha indawo yomsebenzi walezi zisele ezonakele. Inezingxenye ezimbili:
1. Ingxenye engaphandle: Lena inemakrofoni, iprosesa yomsindo, kanye ne-transmitter.
2. Ingxenye efakwa ngokuhlinzwa: Lena inesamukeli nama-electrode.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani isinyathelo ngesinyathelo:
- Isinyathelo 1: Imakrofoni oyigqoka ngemuva kwendlebe yakho izwa imisindo ye-ambient.
- Isinyathelo sesi-2: Leyo misindo iya kumshini wokucubungula umsindo owugqokayo bese iguqulwa ibe amasignali edijithali.
- Isinyathelo 3: Lezi zimpawu zedijithali zithunyelwa kumshini wokudlulisa oxhunywe ekhanda ngemagnet.
- Isinyathelo 4: Umthumeli uthumela izimpawu kumuntu omukelayo , ofakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngokuhlinzwa.
- Isinyathelo 5: Umamukeli uthumela lezo zimpawu kuma -electrode abekwe ngaphakathi kwe-cochlea.
- Isinyathelo 6: Lawa ma-electrode avuselela ngqo inzwa yokuzwa .
- Isinyathelo 7: Okokugcina, inzwa yokuzwa ithwala lezo zimpawu iziyise ebuchosheni, ezichazwa njengenkulumo, umculo, noma eminye imisindo.
Kalula nje, lokhu kufana nokudala indlela emfushane enqubweni yokuzwa yemvelo.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa nangemva kwalokho?
Lena inqubo enezingxenye ezimbili: okokuqala ukuhlinzwa, bese kuba ukusebenza kwedivayisi.
Ukuhlinzwa
Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa nguchwepheshe wezindlebe , impumulo, nomphimbo (otolaryngologist).
- Okokuqala, uzofakwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile , ukuze ungezwa lutho.
- Udokotela ube esesika indlebe encane ngemuva kwendlebe bese edala imbobo encane kakhulu ethanjeni lekhanda.
- Kungaleyo mbobo lapho izingxenye zangaphakathi zedivayisi (isamukeli nama-electrode) zifakwa khona ngokucophelela okukhulu.
- Ekugcineni, ukusikwa kuvalwa ngokusebenzisa izithungo ezincibilikayo.
Lokhu akuyona inqubo enkulu yokuhlinzwa. Ezimweni eziningi, ungaya ekhaya kusihlwa esifanayo (inqubo yokulaliswa esibhedlela).
Ukusebenza Kwedivayisi
Cishe emavikini amabili ngemva kokuhlinzwa, lapho inxeba selipholile kahle, uzocelwa ukuthi ubuye. Yilapho-ke le divayisi emangalisayo izoqala ukusebenza khona okokuqala. Lokhu kwenziwa udokotela wezindlebe.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, ingxenye engaphandle izonamathiselwa ekhanda lakho kusetshenziswa i-magnet.
- Bese uyivula bese ulungisa/uhlela idivayisi ngokwemisindo oyizwayo.
- Imisindo ingase ibe yinqaba ekuqaleni, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ubuchopho bakho buzojwayela le ndlela entsha.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, kunezinzuzo kanye nezingozi ezincane kakhulu. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi, izinzuzo zidlula kakhulu izingozi. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini lezo.
| Izinzuzo | Izingozi ezingaba khona |
|---|---|
| Ungakhuluma ocingweni futhi uhlanganyele ezingxoxweni ngisho nasezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. | Izingozi ezivamile zanoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa (ukungezwani komzimba nokubulala izinzwa, ukutheleleka). |
| I-tinnitus, ukukhala ezindlebeni okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, iyancipha noma iyanyamalala kubantu abaningi. | Kunethuba elincane kakhulu lokulimala kwemizwa endaweni yokuhlinzwa. |
| Izingane ezizalwa nazo zingakwazi ukukhuluma cishe zineminyaka efanayo nezinye izingane (ngisho nezingane ezingaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-9 ubudala zingakwenza lokhu). | Ingozi ye-meningitis (yingakho udokotela engase atuse ukuthola umuthi wokugomela ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa). |
| Impilo iba phephile ngoba uzwa imisindo ekunikeza ukuphepha (ukukhala kwehuthi yemoto, othile okhulumayo). | Uma kukhona ukuzwa okusele endlebeni, kungenzeka ukuthi kulahleke (kodwa ngobuchwepheshe besimanje manje kungagcinwa kaningi). |
| Ikhono lokulalela umculo liyabuyiselwa. | Akuvamile ukuthi kube nezinkinga zokulinganisela (njengokuzungeza). |
Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukujwayela lokhu?
Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Ungalindeli ukuthi konke kuzwakale kucacile futhi kujwayelekile ngemuva nje kokuthola i-cochlear implant. Ubuchopho bakho budinga ukufunda kabusha ukuthi bungazichaza kanjani lezi zimpawu ezintsha.
Ekuqaleni, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala, amazwi angase azwakale njengerobhothi (eyemishini). Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuqeqeshwa okufanele, lokhu kuzonyamalala futhi imisindo izoba ngokwemvelo.
Ngokuvamile, uzobona intuthuko enkulu ekuzweni kwakho phakathi nenyanga yokusebenzisa idivayisi. Kungathatha izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kwezi-6 ukuze uzuze ngokugcwele kuyo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukuhlanganyela ekuvuseleleni izindlebe nodokotela wezindlebe noma isazi sezifo zolimi lokukhuluma. Ukuzinikela kwakho kuzonquma imiphumela.
Yini engenziwa ukuze lolu hambo lube lula?
Ukuze uthole okuningi kulokhu kwelashwa, kudingeka uzibophezele.
- Gqoka njalo idivayisi: Gqoka ingxenye engaphandle yedivayisi cishe njalo uma uvukile. Lokhu kuzosiza ubuchopho bakho ukuthi bujwayele ngokushesha.
- Qiniseka ukuthi uyaya emihlanganweni yokuqeqeshwa: Landela imiyalelo enikezwe udokotela kanye nomeluleki ngqo.
- Yazi imikhawulo yakho: Kufanele ususe ingxenye engaphandle uma ugeza noma ubhukuda. Futhi, kungcono ukugwema imidlalo yokuthintana ehilela ukushaywa kanzima ekhanda. Uma ushayeka, ingxenye engaphakathi ingonakala.
- Jabulela amathuba amasha: Lokhu akulona isithiyo empilweni yakho. Kunalokho, kuyithuba lokuphinda uhlangane nomhlaba owuphuthelwe. Sebenzisa leli thuba ukuze ukhulume nabanye futhi ube nobudlelwano nabantu.
Kunini lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela?
Ngemva kokufakwa kwedivayisi, uzoba nokulandelela njalo. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, kufanele ubonane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha .
- Uma ubona ushintsho oluzumayo ekuzweni kwakho.
- Uma uzwa ubuhlungu endlebeni noma ungakhululeki.
- Uma indawo yokuhlinzwa iba bomvu, ivuvukele, ishisa, noma kuphuma uketshezi olufana nobovu (lokhu kungaba yizimpawu zokutheleleka).
- Uma ushaywa kanzima ekhanda.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa kwe-cochlear akuyona into yokusiza ukuzwa. Kuyithuluzi le-elekthronikhi elidlula izingxenye zendlebe ezonakele bese liletha izimpawu zomsindo ngqo emthanjeni wokuzwa.
- Lokhu kuvame ukunconywa kubantu abanenkinga enkulu yokuzwa noma labo abangatholi imiphumela eyanele ngezinsiza zokuzwa.
- Lokhu kudinga ukuhlinzwa okuncane futhi kuyisibopho sokuphila konke. Ingxenye yangaphakathi ihlala impilo yonke, kanti ingxenye yangaphandle ingadinga ukushintshwa njalo eminyakeni emi-5-10.
- Uma idivayisi isifakiwe, ngeke uzwe imisindo njengenjwayelo. Kuthatha isikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kokuvuselelwa ukuze ubuchopho bufunde ukuqonda lezi zimpawu ezintsha.
- Izinzuzo zalobu buchwepheshe zidlula kakhulu izingozi ezincane kakhulu. Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninenkinga yokuzwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu bese nibona ukuthi kukulungele yini.
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