Awubi nenkinga ngezinye izikhathi yokuzwa lokho okushiwo umuntu ngokucacile? Noma ukuthola kunzima ukubamba amagama noma ngabe usebenzisa i-hearing aid? Lokhu kungakhululeki kungaba kukhulu nakakhulu uma ukhuluma neqembu labantu noma endaweni enomsindo. Namuhla sikhuluma ngobuchwepheshe obulethe imiphumela ephumelelayo kakhulu kubantu abanenkinga enkulu yokuzwa, kanye nezingane ezincane ezizalwa nazo ezinenkinga yokuzwa. Leyo yi-cochlear implant.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-cochlear implant?
I-cochlear implant iyithuluzi le-elekthronikhi elisiza ekulawuleni ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Uma unenkinga yokuzwa ephakathi, enzima, noma ejulile endlebeni eyodwa noma zombili futhi izinsiza zakho zokuzwa ezivamile azinikezi inzuzo eyanele, udokotela wakho angase akuncome lokhu kwelashwa.
Kukhona okuthile okudingeka sikuqonde kahle lapha. I-cochlear implant ngeke ibuyisele ukuzwa kwakho okulahlekile. Kodwa izothuthukisa kakhulu ikhono lakho lokuqonda lokho okushiwo othile nokuqaphela eminye imisindo.
Cabanga ngale ndlela: insiza yokuzwa ifana nokuphakamisa ivolumu ku-TV. Yenza umsindo ube mkhulu kakhulu. I-cochlear implant iyinto ehluke ngokuphelele. Idala indlela entsha edlula izingxenye zendlebe ezonakele futhi ithumele izimpawu zomsindo ngqo ebuchosheni.
Isebenza kanjani le divayisi encane?
Ngaphakathi kwezindlebe zethu, ngaphakathi kogebhezi, kukhona ingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-cochlea, ebumbeke njengegobolondo lomnenke. Ngokuvamile, izinkinga zokuzwa zenzeka ngenxa yomonakalo kumaseli ezinwele ezithambile kakhulu ezizwa ngaphakathi kwale cochlea. Lesi simo sibiza ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa yi-sensorineural. Ngokuvamile, amaza omsindo avela ngaphandle aguqulwa abe amasignali kagesi ngaphakathi kwe-cochlea, abese ethunyelwa ebuchosheni ngenzwa yokuzwa. Ubuchopho buchaza lezi zimpawu ngokuthi "umsindo."
I-cochlear implant idlula indawo yeseli lezinwele elonakele. Nansi indlela esebenza ngayo, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo:
- Isinyathelo 1: Imakrofoni kanye neprosesa yomsindo oyigqoka ngemuva kwendlebe yakho ithola imisindo evela endaweni engaphandle.
- Isinyathelo sesi-2: Le processor ithumela amasignali omsindo kumshini ohambisayo onamathele ekhanda ngemagnethi.
- Isinyathelo 3: Umthumeli uguqula lezo zimpawu zibe ama-pulse kagesi bese ezithumela kumukeli, ofakwa ngokuhlinzwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
- Isinyathelo 4:Umamukeli uthumela lawo ma-impulse kuma-electrode abekwe ngaphakathi kwe-cochlea.
- Isinyathelo 5: Lawa ma-electrode athatha indawo yamaseli ezinwele alimele futhi avuselele ngqo inzwa yokuzwa.
- Isinyathelo 6: Inzwa yokuzwa ithwala lezo zimpawu iziyise ebuchosheni. Ubuchopho bakho bube sebuchaza lezo zimpawu njengendaba, ingoma, noma omunye umsindo.
Izingxenye zokufakelwa kwe-cochlear kanye nokuhlinzwa
Kunezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zale divayisi. Enye ingxenye egqokwa ngaphandle, kanti enye ingxenye efakwa ngokuhlinzwa emzimbeni.
| Ingxenye yedivayisi | Lokho ekuqukethe |
|---|---|
| Ingxenye yokugqoka yangaphandle | Imakrofoni, Iprosesa Yomsindo, kanye Nomthumeli |
| Ingxenye efakwe ngokuhlinzwa | Ama-electrode kanye ne-Receiver |
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlinzwa?
Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa uchwepheshe wezindlebe, ikhala, nomphimbo (otolaryngologist). Uzonikezwa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile ngesikhathi senqubo, ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu.
- Udokotela uzokwenza ukusika okuncane esikhumbeni esingemuva kwendlebe yakho.
- Ngalo, kwenziwa imbobo encane ethanjeni lekhanda.
- Ngokusebenzisa leso sivalo, izingxenye zangaphakathi zedivayisi (umamukeli nama-electrode) zinamathiselwa ezindaweni ezifanele.
- Ngemuva kwalokho i-incision ivalwa ngezithungo.
Lokhu kuvame ukuba ukuhlinzwa okuthatha amahora ambalwa, futhi ezimweni eziningi ungaya ekhaya kusihlwa esifanayo.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Cishe emavikini amabili ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzodingeka ubone udokotela wakho futhi. Ngaleso sikhathi, udokotela wezindlebe uzongena, anamathisele izingxenye zangaphandle zedivayisi, bese eyivula. Yilapho-ke uzozwa khona imisindo ngedivayisi okokuqala. Udokotela wezindlebe uzosebenzisa ikhompyutha ukumaka idivayisi ukuze uyizwe kahle.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, kunezinzuzo kanye nezingozi ezincane. Kodwa-ke, izingozi ziphansi kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinzuzo zokufakelwa kwe-cochlear.
| Izinzuzo eziyinhloko | Izingozi ezingaba khona (ezingavamile kakhulu) |
|---|---|
| Ukukwazi ukuphendula nokushaya izingcingo. | Ukulimala kwemizwa endaweni yokuhlinzwa. |
| Ukukwazi ukuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni ngisho nasezindaweni ezinomsindo ophezulu. | I-Meningitis - (Udokotela uncoma umuthi wokugomela ukunciphisa le ngozi). |
| Kunciphisa i-tinnitus kubantu abakhala ezindlebeni. | Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okusele okwakukhona ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa (kodwa lokhu akusavamile manje ngenxa yezindlela zesimanje). |
| Izingane ezizalwa nazo zilahlekelwe ukuzwa (ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-9 ubudala) zingafunda ukukhuluma ngokushesha njengezingane ezivamile. | Ukuvuza koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal. |
| Ukuzwa imisindo yokuxwayisa (ama-horn emoto, ama-siren) endaweni ezungezile. | Izinkinga zokulinganisela/i-Vertigo, njengesiyezi. |
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela?
Lokhu akuyona into eshintsha ngobusuku obubodwa. Kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi ubuchopho bakho bufunde ukuqonda lezi zimpawu ezintsha. Ekuqaleni, imisindo oyizwayo ingase ibonakale sengathi iyasebenza, njengerobhothi elikhulumayo. Lokhu kujwayelekile kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe inyanga ukuze ubone intuthuko ebonakalayo ekuzweni kwakho. Kungathatha izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kwezi-6 ukuthi abanye abantu balulame ngokugcwele. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kuzodingeka usebenze nodokotela wezindlebe noma udokotela wezifo zolimi lokukhuluma. Bazokusiza uqeqeshe ubuchopho bakho. Ukuze uthole okuningi kulokhu kwelashwa, kubalulekile ukuthi ube khona kulezi zikhathi zokuqeqeshwa ngokuzinikela.
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele uma uphila nokuqunjelwa
Ukuze uthole okuningi kulokhu kwelashwa, cabangela la maphuzu alandelayo:
- Gqoka njalo idivayisi: Gqoka ingxenye engaphandle yedivayisi noma nini lapho uvukile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ubuchopho bakho bujwayele.
- Yiba khona emihlanganweni yokuqeqeshwa: Ungayeki imihlangano yokwelapha ngoba ubuchopho bufunda izinto ezintsha.
- Yazi okungafanele ukwenze: Kufanele ususe ingxenye engaphandle uma ugeza noma ubhukuda. Kuwukuhlakanipha futhi ukugwema imidlalo yokuthintana ehilela ukushaywa kanzima ekhanda, njengoba ukushaywa kungalimaza idivayisi yangaphakathi.
- Jabula ngalokho ongakwenza: Lokhu akulona isithiyo empilweni yakho. Kunalokho, kuyithuba lokuphinda uxhumane nomhlaba obukade uwukhumbula. Udokotela wakho kanye nodokotela wezindlebe bazokutshela okwengeziwe ngalokhu.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ekuzweni kwakho, ubuhlungu bendlebe, ukungakhululeki, ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ubomvu endaweni yokuhlinzwa, bonana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
I-cochlear implant ishintsha impilo ngempela. Ingavula umnyango wezwe lomsindo owuphuthelwe. Kumntwana wakho, kungaba yisinyathelo sakhe sokuqala ezweni lomsindo. Nakuba lolu hambo lungathatha isikhathi, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoba nawe kuzo zonke izinyathelo zendlela.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-cochlear implant iyithuluzi le-elekthronikhi lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okukhulu, futhi isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunensiza yokuzwa evamile.
- Lokhu kugwema izingxenye zendlebe ezonakele futhi kuhambise izimpawu zomsindo ngqo emsipheni wokuzwa.
- Le nqubo idinga ukuhlinzwa okuncane kanye nokuqeqeshwa okulandelayo kokwelashwa nge-audiological.
- Kungathatha izinyanga eziningana ukubona imiphumela nokuthi ubuchopho bujwayele imisindo emisha, ngakho-ke ukuzibophezela kubalulekile.
- Uma kunezinkinga noma ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho we-ENT kanye nodokotela we-Audiologist.
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