Uke wezwa ngalesi sifo lapho uphenduka khona ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emakhazeni bese uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu? (Isifo Somkhuhlane We-Agglutinin)

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eminweni nasezinzwaneni zakho uma ubanda kakhulu? Noma uzizwa ukhathele ngendlela engajwayelekile futhi ubuthakathaka ngaphandle kwesizathu? Mhlawumbe isikhumba sakho sesiphenduke saba mhlophe. Uma unalezi zimpawu, imbangela ingaba yisimo esingavamile, kodwa kuyinto sonke okudingeka siyiqaphele. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi 'Isifo Somkhuhlane Obandayo (CAD),' okusho ukuthi "isifo sokuhlanganiswa kwamaseli egazi abandayo" ngesiSinhala.

Kuyini i-'Cold Agglutinin Disease (CAD)'? Ake sikuqonde kalula.

Kalula nje, i-'Cold Agglutinin Disease (CAD)' iyisifo segazi esingavamile lapho amasosha omzimba wethu – uhlelo olusivikela ezifweni njengamasosha asemizimbeni yethu – luhlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana ethu abomvu egazi anempilo .

Cabanga nje, isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela sivame ukukhiqiza uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi 'ama-antibodies' ukuze kubhujiswe amagciwane ayingozi angena emzimbeni. Kodwa kulesi simo se-CAD, isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela sikhiqiza uhlobo olukhethekile 'lwe-antibody' olubizwa ngokuthi 'autoantibody', olwaziwa nangokuthi 'i-cold agglutinin'. Okukhethekile kwalokhu ukuthi luhlasela futhi lubhubhise amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anempilo emzimbeni wethu.

Njengoba wazi, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ayilona uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lweseli elithwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wethu wonke. Lo moya-mpilo usiza amangqamuzana ethu ukuthi akhiqize amandla awadingayo. Ngakho-ke, lapho inani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi lehla, okungukuthi, lapho kwenzeka i-anemia , imizimba yethu ibhekana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokungakhululeki.

`Isifo se-Cold Agglutinin` singeseqembu le-anemias elibizwa ngokuthi `i-hemolytic anemia.` `I-Hemolytic anemia` yilapho umongo wethu wethambo uphula amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ngokushesha kunokuba ungenza amasha. Kufana nebhakede elinembobo bese liqala ukuvuza amanzi.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Cold Agglutinin Disease'?

Empeleni lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu . Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayi-100,000 utholakala enesifo unyaka ngamunye. Sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-80. Kodwa-ke, inani elikhulu kakhulu lokuxilongwa lisebantwini abaseminyakeni yabo ephakathi kuka-60.

I-'Cold Agglutinin Disease' iwuthinta kanjani umzimba wami?

Lesi sifo singabangela ukuthi ube nezimpawu ze-anemia. I-anemia yilapho umzimba ungenawo amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele. Kuye ngembangela, lesi simo singaba esingapheli noma sesikhashana . Futhi, imiphumela emzimbeni ingahluka kusukela kokuncane kuya kokubi kakhulu .

Isibonelo, uma i-CAD ingeyona embi kakhulu, izimpawu zingase zivele kancane kakhulu. Kungathatha iminyaka ukuthi lesi simo sitholakale. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-CAD ingaholela ezimweni zenhliziyo ezimbi kakhulu, ngisho nezisongela ukuphila.Kungenzeka ukuthi kuzokwenzeka.

Igama lalesi sifo linegama elithi "kubanda". Ngakho-ke, lezi zimpawu zizwakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo noma ngezinsuku ezibandayo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-'Cold Agglutinin Disease'?

Izimpawu ze-CAD zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuntuleka kwegazi kanye nokugeleza kwegazi okungekuhle emzimbeni wonke. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (Ukukhathala) : Hhayi ukukhathala nje kuphela, kodwa nomuzwa wokuphelelwa yimpilo.
• Ubuthakathaka : Umzimba uba buthakathaka kangangokuthi awukwazi ukwenza lutho.
• Isiyezi : Umuzwa wokuzungeza.
• Ukujuluka : Ukujuluka ngeze.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya) : Ubunzima bokuphefumula ngisho noma uzikhandla kancane.
• Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo (i-tachycardia) : Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo.
• Umbala ophuzi : Isikhumba silahlekelwa igazi laso bese siba mhlophe.
• Iminwe, izinzwane, nezindlebe ziphenduka zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uma zibekwe emakhazeni (into kaRaynaud) : Uma uya endaweni ebandayo efana neNuwara Eliya, noma uma uthinta amanzi abandayo, iminwe yakho, izinzwane, nezindlebe ziphenduka zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngezinye izikhathi zibe mhlophe. Lokhu kungase futhi kuhambisane nokungazweli.

Ungase futhi ube nezimpawu ze-jaundice . Uma amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ebhujiswa, akhipha into ephuzi ebizwa ngokuthi i-bilirubin. Uma le bilirubin inqwabelana emzimbeni, kuvela i-jaundice. Izimpawu ze-jaundice zifaka:

• Umchamo onsundu omnyama.
• Dlula, amhlophe amehlo kanye ne-irises aphuzi.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-'Cold Agglutinin Disease'?

Isifo se-Cold Agglutinin uhlobo lwe-autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela sihlasela amangqamuzana ethu. Ku-CAD, isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela sisebenza ngenxa yezimo ezibandayo futhi sikhiqiza i-autoantibody "ebeka amathegi" amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ukuze siwabhubhise. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anemathegi anamathelana futhi ahlangane ndawonye (agglutinate). Amangqamuzana ahlanganisiwe angabanjwa futhi abhujiswe kalula ngenye ingxenye yesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela, okuthiwa ama-macrophages.

Le nqubo iqala lapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kwama-degree Celsius angu-3-4 (ama-degree Fahrenheit angu-37-39). Cabanga ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomzimba wethu elijwayelekile licishe libe ngama-degree Celsius angu-37. Le nkinga iqala lapho sibhekene namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu kunalokho.

I-CAD iphazamisa uhlelo olujwayelekile lwemizimba yethu lokwenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo. Ngokuvamile, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi aphila cishe izinsuku ezingu-120. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umnkantsha wethu ungakha amangqamuzana abomvu egazi amasha ukuze athathe indawo yalawo afayo. Kodwa ku-CAD, lo mjikelezo uyaphazamiseka.

Abacwaningi abakakazi kahle ukuthi kungani amasosha ethu omzimba ehlasela amangqamuzana anempilo.Ngezinye izikhathi i-CAD ingabangelwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `i-CAD yesibili`. Uma kungatholakali ukuxhumana okunjalo, okusho ukuthi i-CAD ikhula ngaphandle kwesizathu, ibizwa ngokuthi `i-CAD eyinhloko` noma `i-CAD engaqondakali`.

Yiziphi ezinye izimo ezingase zihlotshaniswe `ne-Cold Agglutinin Disease`?

I-CAD yesibili ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezifo, izifo ezizimele, kanye nezinkinga ze-lymphoproliferative. Isibonelo:

• `I-mononucleosis ethelelanayo` (umkhuhlane wezindlala)
• I-Mycoplasma pneumonia
• `I-Cytomegalovirus`
• I-Lupus
• Isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis
• 'I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma'
• I-leukemia ye-lymphocytic engapheli
• "I-Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia"

La magama angase abonakale edida kancane kuwe, kodwa lawa amagama athile asetshenziswa odokotela, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuthi uwazi.

Ungasithola kanjani isifo 'se-Cold Agglutinin'? (Ukuxilongwa)

Udokotela wakho uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi abukeze umlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile ukuze bahlole ukuthi une-hemolytic anemia nokuthi unama-autoantibodies ahlobene ne-CAD.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-hemolytic anemia yile:

• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) : Lokhu kunikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngamaseli akho abomvu egazi. Kungahlola ukuthi unamangqamuzana abomvu amangaki, ukuthi makhulu kangakanani, kanye nezinga lakho le-hemoglobin. I-hemoglobin iyiprotheni ebaluleke kakhulu esiza amaseli abomvu egazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo.
• `Inani lama-reticulocyte` : Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi unamangqamuzana abomvu egazi angakavuthwa (`ama-reticulocyte`) amangaki emzimbeni wakho. Lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibhubhisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi avuthiwe, umzimba uzama ukwenza amanye ala maseli angakavuthwa njengendlela yokubuyisela.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamazinga e-serum : Amazinga aphezulu e-`lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)` kanye ne-`bilirubin` egazini, kanye namazinga aphansi e-`haptoglobin` kuyizimpawu ze-`hemolytic anemia`.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuze kutholakale ukuthi i-CAD iyimbangela ye-hemolytic anemia yakho, udokotela wakho uzohlola ukuthi kukhona yini ama-autoantibodies ahlasela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngalokhu yile:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Direct Coombs (DAT) : Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukuba khona kwama-autoantibodies ahlobene ne-CAD. Ekuhlolweni, amaseli akho abomvu egazi ahlukaniswa negazi lakho lonke bese ebekwa endaweni elawulwayo. Bese kufakwa ikhambi elikhethekile. Uma amaseli abomvu egazi enamathelana nekhambi futhi ehlangana ndawonye (agglutinate), ukuhlolwa kuba positive, okusho ukuthi i-autoantibody ikhona.
• `Ukuhlolwa kwe-Cold agglutinin titer`: Lokhu kuhlola kulinganisa ukuhlushwa, noma ubuningi, balawa ma-'autoantibodies' egazini lakho. Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwalawa ma-'autoantibodies' kuyisibonakaliso se-CAD.

Uma ukuxilongwa kwakho sekuqinisekisiwe, udokotela wakho uzohlola futhi ukuze abone ukuthi i-CAD yakho ihlobene yini nesimo esingaphansi (`i-CAD yesibili`).

Iphathwa kanjani i-'Cold Agglutinin Disease'?

Kuye ngobukhulu bezimpawu zakho, ukwelashwa kungafaka phakathi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, imithi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukumpontshelwa igazi ezimweni eziphuthumayo .

• Indlela Yokuphila : Uma une-CAD, udokotela wakho cishe uzokweluleka ukuthi ugweme amazinga okushisa abandayo . Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Kufanele wenze izinto ezifana nokugqoka izingubo ezifudumele, ugweme ukugeza ngamanzi abandayo, futhi unciphise uhambo lwakho oluya ezindaweni ezibandayo.
• Imithi : Umuthi ovame kakhulu osetshenziswa ukwelapha i-CAD yi -`Rituximab` . Lokhu kusebenza ngokuvimbela amasosha omzimba wakho ekwenzeni 'ama-autoantibodies' ahlasela amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi. Umuthi omusha obizwa ngokuthi i-`Sutimlimab` nawo usanda kuvunywa. Lokhu kusebenza ngokuvimbela ngqo amasosha omzimba ekuhlaseleni amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi.
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi kanye nokushintshaniswa kwe-plasma : Uma i-CAD yakho iba yimbi kakhulu, udokotela wakho kungadingeka akunike ukumpontshelwa igazi noma ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma ukuze kuqiniswe isimo sakho. Ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma kusebenza ngokunciphisa inani lama-autoantibodies egazini lakho.

Uma une-'CAD yesibili', udokotela wakho uzokwelapha nesimo esiyisisekelo.

Ingabe i-CAD ingavinjelwa?

Ngeshwa, i-Cold Agglutinin Disease ayisona isifo esingavinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, ungakwazi ukulawula izimpawu futhi uphile impilo enhle.

Ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani nesifo 'se-Cold Agglutinin'?

Abantu abatholakale bene-CAD bavame ukuphila isikhathi eside njengabantu abaneminyaka yabo abangenayo i-CAD. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwamuva nje, abantu abatholakale beneminyaka engu-68 bangalindela ukuphila baze bafike eminyakeni yabo engu-80, ngokwesilinganiso. Lokho kusho ukuthi ngokwelashwa nokuphathwa okufanele, ungalindela ukuphila impilo enhle.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-CAD, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe i-CAD yami ihlobene nesifo esiyisisekelo?
• Yiziphi izimpawu ezizongisiza ukuthi ngazi ukuthi isimo sami siya siba ngcono noma siba sibi?
• Ingabe kuzodingeka ngiqhubeke ngithatha imithi yalesi simo?
• Yisiphi isimo sezulu esingcono kakhulu umuntu one-CAD angahlala kuso?
• Yimaphi amazinga okushisa okufanele ngiwagweme ukuze ngilawule izimpawu zami?

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho nge-Cold Agglutinin Disease (CAD) kuncike ekutheni iyinhloko ('eyinhloko') noma ingeyesibili ('eyesibili'). Ubukhali bezimpawu zakho buzothinta nokuthi udinga ukwelashwa kangakanani ngamandla. Ngokwelapha isimo esiyisisekelo, udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukwelapha i-CAD yakho. Ngisho noma une-CAD yesikhathi eside, ungalawula izimpawu zakho ze-anemia futhi uhlale uphilile ngokugwema umkhuhlane nokuthatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule kulokho esixoxe ngakho (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• Isifo Somkhuhlane i-Agglutinin (CAD) yisifo esingavamile lapho amasosha omzimba ethu ehlasela khona amangqamuzana ethu abomvu egazi futhi sibhebhethekiswa umkhuhlane.
• Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukukhathala okukhulu, isikhumba esikhanyayo, iminwe ephenduka ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emakhazeni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-jaundice .
• Lokhu kungaba `okuyinhloko` (okungabangelwanga) noma `okungesibili` (okubangelwa esinye isifo).
• Kukhona ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kutholakale ukuthi unesifo yini.
• Ukwelashwa kungahlanganisa ukugwema umkhuhlane, imithi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukumpontshelwa igazi.
• Nakuba lokhu kungenakuvinjelwa, ngokuphathwa okufanele, ungaphila impilo enhle.
• Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungangabazi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Uma usheshe ukuqaphela, kuba lula ukwelapha.

Khumbula, lesi sihloko senzelwe ulwazi kuphela. Uma unezimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.

Isifo se - Cold Agglutinin, i-CAD, i-anemia, amaseli abomvu egazi, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, umkhuhlane, i-autoimmune, i-hemolytic anemia, isifo segazi