Uma ubheka imbali enhle, unuka ukudla okumnandi, noma uhleka nomngane, wake wazibuza ngendlela emangalisayo eyenzeka ngayo konke lokhu? Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezinzwa ezingu-12 ezisebenza njengohlelo olukhethekile lwezintambo zikagesi oluvela ebuchosheni bethu. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalezi 'Nerve ze-Cranial' ezinhle kakhulu.
Kalula nje, ziyini lezi zinzwa zekhanda?
Kulula kakhulu. Lezi yizinzwa ezingu-12 ezihamba ngqo zisuka ebuchosheni bakho ziye ekhanda lakho, ebusweni, entanyeni, nasezingxenyeni zesifuba sakho nesisu. Zifana nezintambo zedatha ezikhethekile ezithwala ulwazi phakathi kobuchopho bakho, izitho zakho zomzimba, kanye nemisipha yakho. Ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesimiso sethu sezinzwa.
Sicabanga ukuthi sibona ngamehlo ethu kuphela, siphunga ngamakhala ethu, futhi sinambitha ngolimi lwethu. Kodwa empeleni, lezi zitho zomzimba azikwazi ukuthwala ulwazi ziye ebuchosheni, futhi imiyalo evela ebuchosheni ayinakuthwalwa iye kulezo zitho zomzimba ngaphandle kwalezi zinzwa zekhanda. Lezi zinzwa ezifanayo zikusiza futhi ukuthi ubonise izinhlobo ezahlukene zobuso nokukhuluma.
Sinezinzwa ezingu-12. Lokho kusho ukuthi kunezimbili zemizwa ngayinye, enye iya ngakwesokudla komzimba kanti enye iya ngakwesobunxele.
Ziyini lezi zinzwa ezingu-12? Zenzani?
Imizwa ngayinye yale mizwa engu-12 inomsebenzi othize. Eminye yayo iphethe ulwazi lwezinzwa, okusho ukuthi idlulisela ulwazi ebuchosheni ngezinto ezifana nephunga, ukunambitha, nokubona. Eminye yayo iphethe ulwazi lwezinzwa, okusho ukuthi inyakazisa imisipha. Eminye imizwa yenza kokubili. Ake sibheke le mizwa engu-12 kanye nemisebenzi yayo eyinhloko.
| Igama lemizwa nenombolo | Umsebenzi oyinhloko ulula. |
|---|---|
| Inzwa ye-Olfactory (CN I) Inzwa yokunuka | Kukusiza ukuthi unuke . |
| Inzwa ye-optic (CN II) Inzwa yokubona | Ikunika ukubona . |
| I-Oculomotor nerve (CN III) Inzwa ye-Oculomotor | Kuyasiza ekushukumiseni amehlo, ukuvula nokuvala izinkophe, nokushintsha usayizi we-pupil. |
| I-Trochlear nerve (CN IV) Inzwa ye-Trochlear | Kusiza ukubhekisa amehlo phansi bese ebheke ekhaleni. |
| I-Trigeminal nerve (CN V) I-Trigeminal nerve | Zithwala imizwa efana nokuthinta nobuhlungu ebusweni, emehlweni, nangaphakathi emlonyeni. Zisisiza futhi ukuhlafuna ukudla. |
| I-Abducens nerve (CN VI) I-Abducens nerve | Kusiza ekuphenduleni amehlo emaceleni (kwesobunxele nakwesokudla). |
| Inzwa yobuso (CN VII) Inzwa yendunu | Ilawula ukubonakaliswa kobuso njengokumomotheka nokububula. Iphinde isize ekuzweleni ukunambitheka engxenyeni yolimi. |
| I-Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) Inzwa Elinganiselayo Yokuzwa | Kukusiza ukuthi uzwe futhi ugcine ibhalansi emzimbeni wakho. |
| I-glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) Inzwa ye-glossopharyngeal | Ingxenye yolimi iyasiza ekunambithekeni, ekugwinyeni , nasekukhiqizweni kwamathe. Iyasiza futhi ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi. |
| Inzwa ye-vagus (CN X) Inzwa ye-vagus | Lona umthambo omude kakhulu we-cranial nerve . Ulawula eminye imisebenzi eminingi ezenzakalelayo emzimbeni, njengokugaya ukudla, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, kanye nomfutho wegazi. |
| Inzwa yezesekeli (CN XI) Inzwa eyengeziwe | Ilawula ukunyakaza kwentamo namahlombe. |
| I-Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) Inzwa ye-Hypoglossal | Ilawula ukunyakaza kolimi , okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhuluma, ukudla, nokugwinya. |
Ingabe lezi zinzwa zingalimala?
Yebo, ngeshwa, le mizwa nayo ingonakalisa. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo onjalo, imizwa ayikwazi ukusebenza kahle. Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu.
- Ukulimala ekhanda: Lezi zinzwa zingalimala uma ushaya ikhanda lakho engozini.
- Izifo zobuchopho noma zesimiso sezinzwa: Ngenxa yezimo ezifana ne-neuropathy noma i-ALS (i-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis).
- Ukucindezelwa okuvela ezimilanjeni: Isimila noma ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni kungabangela ukucindezelwa kwenzwa.
- Izinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi: Uma ukugeleza kwegazi kuya emithanjeni kunqamuka ngenxa yezimo ezifana nesifo sohlangothi, zingalimala.
- Ukutheleleka: Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, isibonelo, igciwane elibangela i-shingles.
- Izimo zokuzivikela komzimba: Izifo lapho amasosha omzimba ahlasela khona imizwa.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Kukhona ingozi yokulimala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kobuchopho, kobuso, noma kwamazinyo.
Kuyini ukukhubazeka?
Igama elithi 'Palsy' lisho nje 'ukukhubazeka' noma 'ukungasebenzi'. Uma umthambo we-cranial olawula ukunyakaza wonakele, imisipha ehambisana nawo iba buthakathaka noma ikhubazeke. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi 'ukukhubazeka'.
Isibonelo, i-Bell's palsy yinto abantu abaningi ezweni lethu abaye bezwa ngayo. Yilapho inzwa yobuso, elawula imisipha yobuso, ithinteka khona, okwenza uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso lulahlekelwe ukusebenza kwalo ngokuzumayo futhi luwe phansi. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kungokwesikhashana.
Kunezinye izimo ezifana nalezi:
- Ukukhubazeka kwemizwa kwesithathu: Kulokhu, iso elilodwa libonakala sengathi libheke phansi futhi libheke eceleni.
- Ukukhubazeka kwemizwa kwesine: Kungase kube nombono ophindwe kabili, ikakhulukazi uma ubheka phansi.
- Isifo sokuqaqamba kwemizwa yesithupha: Amehlo awakwazi ukujikiswa abheke ohlangothini olufanayo (njenge-strabismus).
Ezinye izinkinga ezingaba khona
Esinye isimo esikhethekile yi- trigeminal neuralgia.Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi kukhona ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki, obufana nogesi obuhambisana ne-trigeminal nerve, ezwa ukuthinta ebusweni. Ngisho noma lobu buhlungu buhlala isikhathi esifushane, kunzima kakhulu ukububekezelela.
Uzigcina kanjani lezi zinzwa eziyigugu ziphilile?
Asikwazi ukuvimbela ezinye izifo zezinzwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sigcine ubuchopho bethu, lezi zinzwa zekhanda, kanye nohlelo lonke lwezinzwa luphilile.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.
- Yidla ukudla okunomsoco njengezithelo nemifino.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo.
- Gcina umfutho wegazi lakho usezingeni elihle.
- Uma unezifo ezingalimaza imizwa yakho, njengesifo sikashukela , zilawule kahle.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele.
- Uma uphuza utshwala , nciphisa kakhulu.
Kufanele simbone nini udokotela?
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Izimpawu zanoma yikuphi ukulimala kwemizwa yobuchopho ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi inzwa ilimele. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingezansi, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha .
- Uma uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso luzizwa lungenampilo futhi ludonswa phansi.
- Uma unesihlungu esinzima noma ukungabi namizwa ebusweni bakho.
- Uma uzizwa ubuthakathaka noma ungezwani nemisipha.
- Uma ubhekene nezinkinga zokubona (ukubona izinto sengathi zinombono ofiphele, onezici ezimbili).
- Uma kukhona ushintsho olusheshayo ekunambithekeni noma ephunga.
- Uma unenkinga yokukhuluma (i-Dysarthria).
- Ubunzima bokuhlafuna noma ukugwinya ukudla (i-Dysphagia).
Khumbula, lezi zimpawu zingaba futhi izimpawu zesimo esibucayi, njengesifo sohlangothi. Ngakho-ke ungazinaki. Kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Izinzwa zekhanda ziyizimbili zezinzwa ezikhethekile ezivela ebuchosheni futhi zilawula izinzwa zethu kanye nokunyakaza kobuso nentamo.
- Sibona, siyezwa, siphunga, sinambitha, sihleke, futhi sikhulume ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwalezi zinzwa.
- Lezi zinzwa zingalimala ngenxa yokulimala ekhanda, ukushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, izifo, kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nokungazweli kolunye uhlangothi lobuso bakho, izinkinga zokubona, noma ubunzima bokuhlafuna noma ukugwinya, kungaba yinkinga yomthambo wekhanda.
- Uma nje ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ungachithi isikhathi bese ubona udokotela wakho.Indlela yokuphila enempilo iyasiza ekuvikeleni lezi zinzwa eziyigugu.
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