Ingabe ingane yakho ivele yaba nomkhuhlane omkhulu ngokuzumayo futhi ikhathele kakhulu futhi ilala? Ingabe ikhala njalo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyinyakazisa kangakanani? Noma ingabe wena ngokwakho unekhanda elibuhlungu elingabekezeleleki futhi uzizwa uqine kangangokuthi awukwazi ngisho nokunyakaza intamo yakho? Ukwesaba okukhulu okufika ezingqondweni zethu ngesikhathi esinjengalesi "umkhuhlane wobuchopho?" Eqinisweni, esinye salezi zimo "zomkhuhlane wobuchopho" yi-meningitis. Lesi yisimo esingaba yingozi esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kithi sonke ukuba siqaphele ngokugcwele le meningitis.
Kalula nje, iyini i-meningitis?
Cabanga ngobuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla ohamba phansi emgogodleni wethu njengezitho ezimbili ezibucayi kakhulu neziyigugu. Ukuze kuvikelwe lezi, kukhona isembozo esenziwe ngezindwangu ezintathu ezithambile ezizungezile. Njengoba nje lapho sithenga ifoni entsha, sibeka ungqimba oluvikelayo kuyo ukuze sivikele isikrini sayo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukumboza ama-meninges.
I-Meningitis iwukutheleleka okubangela ukuthi ulwelwesi oluvikelayo luvuvuke noma luvuvuke. Okubalulekile, lesi akusona isifo sobuchopho uqobo, kodwa sesembozo esizungeze ubuchopho. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sembozo siseduze kakhulu nobuchopho, uma ukutheleleka kuba kubi kakhulu, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi nobuchopho buzolimala.
Abanye abantu badidanisa lezi zimo ezimbili i-meningitis kanye ne-encephalitis. I-Meningitis ukutheleleka kwesembozo sobuchopho. I-Encephalitis ukutheleleka kwezicubu zobuchopho uqobo . Izimpawu zazo zombili zingafana.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-meningitis kuye ngokuthi zenzeka kanjani.
Lesi sifo sibangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane. Ubunzima besifo kanye nokwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwegciwane.
1. I-Bacterial Meningitis
Lolu uhlobo lwesifo sohlangothi olusatshwa kakhulu, oluyingozi kakhulu. Lolu uhlobo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha olungasongela impilo. Uma ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngokushesha nje lapho izimpawu ziqala, kungavela izinkinga ezinkulu njengokulimala kobuchopho okungapheli kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Ngakho-ke, uma usola lokhu, kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU) ngokushesha.
Ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zamagciwane ezibangela lokhu yilezi:
- I-Streptococcus pneumoniae
- I-Neisseria meningitidis
- I-Listeria monocytogenes (ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile, abesifazane abakhulelwe, nalabo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka)
Esikhathini esidlule, amagciwane amakhulu ayebangela i-meningitis ezinganeni ezincane kwakuyi-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib). Kodwa-ke, njengoba manje umuthi wokugomela i-Hib usunikezwa izingane ngaphansi kohlelo lokugomela lukazwelonke ezweni lethu, ukwanda kwe-meningitis okubangelwa yiwo kuye kwalawulwa kakhulu. Kukhona nemithi yokugomela ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane.
2. I-Viral Meningitis
Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kunohlobo lwebhaktheriya, futhi ngokuvamile akukubi kangako. Esikhathini esiningi, kuyaphela ngokwako zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-7-10 ngaphandle kokwelashwa okukhethekile. Kodwa-ke, udokotela kuphela onganquma ukuthi kubangelwa yigciwane noma igciwane. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuya esibhedlela uma kuvela izimpawu.
Kungabangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane, njenge-herpes, i-mumps, i-measles, kanye negciwane elibangela izifo zezandla, izinyawo kanye nomlomo.
3. Isikhunta, izimuncagazi kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile
Lezi yizinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu ze-meningitis. Abantu abanesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba esinempilo nesiqinile banamathuba amancane okuthi bahlaselwe yiso. Abantu abanesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba esibuthakathaka, njengalabo abane-HIV/AIDS, banamathuba amaningi okuhlaselwa yilolu hlobo lwe-meningitis.
Ziyini izimpawu? Sikubona kanjani lokhu?
Izimpawu ze-meningitis zingavela ngokuzumayo, esikhathini esingamahora noma izinsuku. Ekuqaleni, zingase zizwakale njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ovamile, kodwa izimpawu zingaba zimbi ngokushesha.
| Izimpawu ezivamile (abantu abadala nezingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka emibili ubudala) | |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane ophezulu | Umkhuhlane omkhulu ngokuzumayo. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu | Ubuhlungu obuhlukile ebuhlungwini bekhanda obujwayelekile, obungabekezeleleki. |
| Intamo Eqinile | Lesi yisibonakaliso esikhulu. Intamo iba lukhuni kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukugoba intamo bese ubeka isilevu esifubeni. |
| Ukuzwela ngaphandle | Ukungakwazi ukubuka ukukhanya okukhulu, amehlo aphenduka abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu | Ukuhlanza, ikakhulukazi uma uphethwe yikhanda. |
| Ukudideka kanye nokozela | Ukudideka, inkulumo engacacile, kanye nokozela okunzima ukukuvusa. |
| Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba | Ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane zingabangela ukuqubuka okufana namabala noma amachashazi ansomi (lokhu kuchazwe ngezansi). |
| Izimpawu ezinganeni ezincane nasezinsaneni | |
| Umkhuhlane ophezulu | Ukubanda komzimba nakho kungaba uphawu. |
| Ukukhala okungapheli | Ukukhala kuyanda, ikakhulukazi uma umntwana ethathwa. |
| Ukudinwa/ukungabi nampilo | Ingane ilele, yenqaba ukuphuza ubisi, futhi ayisebenzi. |
| Indawo ethambile evuvukele phezulu kwekhanda | Indawo ethambile ekhanda lomntwana (i-fontanelle) ibonakala ivuvukele futhi ikhukhumele. |
| Ukuqina komzimba nentamo | Umzimba womntwana uqinile ngendlela engavamile. |
Ukuqhuma kwe-Meningitis kanye nokuhlolwa kwengilazi
I-bacterial meningitis ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela ukuqubuka okuhlukile. Lokhu kubangelwa ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi kanye nokopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
- Ekuqaleni, lokhu kungase kuqale njengamachashazi amancane abomvu.
- Lokhu kamuva kungakhula kube amabala amakhulu, ansomi afana nemivimbo.
Ukuhlolwa Kwengilazi: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu. Thatha ingilazi ecacile bese uyicindezela ngokumelene nokuqubuka. Uma kungukuqubuka okuvamile, kuzophenduka kube mhlophe bese kunyamalala uma kucindezelwa. Kodwa-ke, uma kungukuqubuka kwe-meningitis, ngeke kuphele noma ngabe ukucindezele ngengilazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuqubuka okungashisi." Uma ubona ukuqubuka okunje, ngokuqinisekile kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha! Yiya esibhedlela ngokushesha!
Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo
Uma wena noma ingane yakho niya esibhedlela nezimpawu ze-meningitis, udokotela uzoqala akuhlole bese ebuza ngezimpawu zakho. Kuzodingeka enze izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola ukutheleleka ngamagciwane egazini.
- Ukubhoboza Umgogodla/Ukushaya Ithambo: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu nokuqondile kokuthola isifo. Kulokhu, kufakwa inalithi encane emhlane ongezansi bese kukhishwa inani elincane loketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla (uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal - CSF) ukuze kuhlolwe. Lolu ketshezi luhlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ukutheleleka kubangelwa amagciwane, igciwane, noma okunye. Asikho isidingo sokwesaba lolu vivinyo, lwenziwa ngokuphephile kakhulu ngudokotela onolwazi.
Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-meningitis.
- Uma kwenzeka i-bacterial meningitis: Lala esibhedlela ngokushesha bese uqala ama-antibiotic ngemithambo yegazi . Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa kuqala ngokusolakala, ngaphandle kokulinda ngisho nombiko wokuhlolwa koketshezi lomgogodla. Ngoba umzuzwana ngamunye uyabaluleka kulesi simo.
- I-viral meningitis: Ngokuvamile akudingeki ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Ukuphumula ngokwanele, ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi, nokuthatha iziqeda-buhlungu njenge-paracetamol ngenxa yomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba kwanele. Kodwa-ke, lesi sinqumo kufanele senziwe udokotela kuphela.
Ungazivikela kanjani kulesi sifo?
Amanye amagciwane abangela i-meningitis angasakazeka kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye ngokuthimula, ukukhwehlela, kanye namaconsi amathe. Ngakho-ke masizijwayeze lezi zinto ukuze sizivikele.
- Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo. Ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nangemva kokuba sezindaweni zomphakathi. Fundisa izingane zakho lo mkhuba futhi.
- Ungabelani ngezinto ozisebenzisayo nabanye (isib. amabhulashi amazinyo, izinkomishi, izitsha, izindebe zomlomo).
- Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho ngethishu noma ngendololwane yakho uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula.
- Goma. Uhlelo lokugoma lukazwelonke lwezwe lethu luhlinzeka ngemithi yokugoma ukuvikela amagciwane afana ne-Hib kanye ne-Pneumococcus, abangela i-meningitis. Nikeza ingane yakho le mithi yokugoma ngesikhathi.
- Omama abakhulelwe kufanele baqaphele kakhulu. Yidla ukudla okuphekwe kahle kuphela. Gwema ukudla okufana nobisi noshizi okungaphekwanga, inyama engaphekwanga kahle, inhlanzi, amaqanda, kanye namasoseji. Lokhu kungase kube nebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-'Listeria'.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Meningitis ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezivikelayo ezizungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla. Kuyisimo esibi kakhulu.
- I-bacterial meningitis iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ukwephuza ukwelashwa kungaholela ekufeni noma ekukhubazekeni unomphela.
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko umkhuhlane ophakeme, ikhanda elibuhlungu elingabekezeleleki, kanye nentamo eqinile eyenza kube nzima ukugoba intamo iye phansi .
- Uma ubona ubomvu obunsomi obungabuni uma ucindezelwa ngengilazi, kuyisibonakaliso esiyingozi kakhulu.
- Uma usola kancane ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ine-meningitis, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha ngaphandle kokucabanga kabili.
- Ukugonywa ngesikhathi kungavikela kwezinye zezinhlobo ezimbi kakhulu zalesi sifo.
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