Wake wezwa nge-'Pap smear'? Noma wake wezwa ngeqhubu elincane entanyeni yakho, udokotela wathatha isampula yalo encane ngenaliti encane walithumela 'ukuyohlolwa'? Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla, okubizwa ngokuthi i-cytology. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyinto encane ekuqaleni, lokhu ukuhlolwa okuwusizo kakhulu okusiza ukuthola izifo emzimbeni wethu kusenesikhathi. Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.
Kuyini i-Cytology ngamagama alula?
Kalula nje, i-cytology inqubo yokubheka amangqamuzana emizimbeni yethu ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze kutholakale izifo. Kufana nokuba umphenyi. Uchwepheshe, obizwa ngokuthi isazi sezifo, ubheka amangqamuzana esampula encane kakhulu yoketshezi noma izicubu ezithathwe emzimbeni wakho.
Ubheka kakhulu noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile kula maseli. Lezi zinguquko zingaba uphawu lomdlavuza . Noma zingaba yisimo esingaphambi komdlavuza esingaba umdlavuza . Akukhona lokho kuphela, lolu vivinyo lusetshenziselwa ukuthola izifo ezifana namagciwane, izimuncagazi, isikhunta, noma amagciwane.
Kungani udokotela engayala ukuhlolwa okunje?
Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani udokotela wakho engase ancome ukuhlolwa kwe-cytology.
- Njengokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa komdlavuza: Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ekutholeni izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iqhubu noma ukungajwayelekile kubangelwa umdlavuza noma cha.
- Ukuthola izifo ezithelelanayo: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi i-microorganism ebangele ukutheleleka endaweni ethile emzimbeni.
- Ukuthola izimo zokuvuvukala: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza futhi ekuboneni izimo ezithile zokuvuvukala emzimbeni, njenge-sarcoidosis.
Yiziphi izindlela ezahlukene zokuhlola la maseli?
Lezi zivivinyo ze-cytology zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, kuye ngokuthi udokotela uthatha kanjani isampula yamaseli kuwe. Ake sibheke lokhu ngendlela elula yokukuqonda.
| Uhlobo lokuhlola | Indlela yokuthola amaseli | Izibonelo |
|---|---|---|
| I-Cytology Yokuhlikihla Ulwelwesi | Ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana akhishwa noma akhishwa umzimba ngokwemvelo. Lawa atholakala oketshezini lomzimba. | - I-cytology yomchamo - I-Phlegm - Ukuphuma koketshezi emehlweni, esithweni sangasese sowesifazane, noma emabeleni - Uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni - Uketshezi oluzungeze amaphaphu, inhliziyo, noma umgodi wesisu |
| I-Cytology Engaguquki | Amaseli ayaklwejwa noma asulwe kusetshenziswa idivayisi. Ngezinye izikhathi, amaseli agezwa kusetshenziswa uketshezi. | - I-Pap smear: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-cervical smear. - Ngesikhathi se-bronchoscopy: Ukugeza noma ukuxubha amaseli avela emigudwini yomoya noma emaphashini. - Ngesikhathi se-endoscopy: Ukuthatha amaseli ezindaweni ezifana nomphimbo nesisu. - Ukuklwebha amangqamuzana esikhumba kusuka emaqakaleni noma emanxebeni. |
| Ukungenelela / I-Aspiration Cytology (FNA) | Ukusebenzisa inalithi encane kakhulu ukubhoboza isikhumba nokususa amaseli aqukethe uketshezi esigaxeni noma esimila. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) . | - Ama-lymph node akhulisiwe entanyeni nasemakhwapheni - Amaqhubu e-thyroid - Amaqhubu ebele - Izinqwaba zamathe |
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kweseli?
Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi yonke le nqubo isebenza kanjani. Kunezinyathelo eziningana kulokhu.
1. Ukuthatha isampula: Okokuqala, udokotela wakho uzothatha isampula yamaseli emzimbeni wakho esebenzisa indlela efanele (njengokuklwebha, ukuwasha, noma ukufutha ngenaliti).
2. Ukuthumela elabhorethri: Okulandelayo, lesi sampula sigcotshwa kuslayidi yengilazi noma sibekwe ebhodleleni elincane bese sithunyelwa elabhorethri.
3. Ukulungiselela isampula:Elabhorethri, isazi se-cytopreparatory silungiselela isampula ukuze ihlolwe. Lapha, kusetshenziswa amadayi ahlukene ukuze kwenziwe amaseli abonakale kakhudlwana. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukudaya'.
4. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Microscopic: Manje kuza ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Isazi se-cytologist kanye nesazi se-pathologist babheka lesi sampula esilungisiwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Bahlola ukuma kwamaseli, ubukhulu bawo, indlela amaseli ahlanganiswe ngayo ndawonye, uhlobo lwe-nucleus, nezinye izinto eziningi. Babheka noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile noma ukuba khona kwama-microorganisms athelelekayo.
5. Ukulungiselela umbiko: Ekugcineni, udokotela wezifo udala umbiko ophelele ohlanganisa lokho akubonile kanye nokuxilongwa. Lo mbiko yilokho udokotela wakho akutholayo.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlolwa?
Esikhathini esiningi, akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe i-cytology. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izivivinyo (isibonelo, uma isampula ithathwa nge-endoscopy) zingadinga imiyalelo ethile. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi kukhona yini okukhethekile okudingeka ukwenze ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
Ngemva kokuhlolwa, lapho udokotela wakho ethola umbiko wesazi sezifo, uzoxoxa nawe ngemiphumela bese enquma ukuthi yini okufanele ayenze ngokulandelayo.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokuhlolwa kweseli? Kuhluke kanjani ku-biopsy?
Ukuhlolwa kwamaseli kunezinzuzo eziningana ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nenye indlela yokuhlola, i-biopsy.
- Isampula encane kakhulu yanele lokhu.
- Akubuhlungu kangako kune-biopsy.
- Ukungena emzimbeni kuphansi kakhulu .
- Ingozi yezinkinga iphansi kakhulu .
Umehluko phakathi kwe-Cytology ne-Biopsy: Cabanga nge-cytology njengokuthatha ucezu lwesitini oluwile odongeni lwesitini bese uluhlola. Esikubonayo nje ukuthi isitini sibukeka kanjani. I-biopsy iwukuthatha ucezu oluncane lodonga bese uhlola ukuthi izitini nodaka konke kuhlangana kanjani. Okusho ukuthi, ku-cytology, sibheka amangqamuzana ngamanye noma amaqoqo amaseli. Ku-biopsy, sihlola isakhiwo sengxenye yonke yezicubu.
Iyini incazelo yombiko otholiwe?
Imiphumela oyitholayo izoncika esizathwini sokuhlolwa kanye nengxenye yomzimba lapho isampula ithathwe khona. Imiphumela evamile ihlanganisa:
| Uhlobo lomphumela | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Okuvamile / Okubi | Kusho ukuthi akukho zinkinga noma amangqamuzana omdlavuza atholakale emaseli ahlolwe. Uma kutholakale ukutheleleka, kusho ukuthi akukho ukutheleleka. |
| Akukacaciswa / Akunelisi | Lokhu kusho ukuthi bekungekho amaseli anele kusampula ukuze kufinyelelwe esiphethweni esicacile. Ukuhlolwa kungadingeka kuphindwe. |
| Okungavamile / Okuhle | Kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana abukeka ehlukile kumaseli avamile. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Kungaba ukutheleleka noma olunye ushintsho oluncane. Umbiko ungafaka amagama afana ne-dysplasia, i-hyperplasia, noma i-metaplasia. Udokotela wakho uzochaza lokhu. |
Kwenzekani ngokulandelayo uma umphumela ungavamile?
Ungesabi uma umphumela ungavamile. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yini okufanele ayenze ngokulandelayo ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lokukhubazeka. Angase acele ezinye izivivinyo, njenge-biopsy, noma angase ancome ukuqala ukwelashwa. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho bese ulandela imiyalelo yakhe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Cytology iwukuhlolwa okulula, okuphephile, nokungenabuhlungu okuhlola amangqamuzana omzimba ukuze kutholakale izifo.
- Lokhu kuwusizo olukhulu ekutholakaleni komdlavuza kusenesikhathi kanye nezifo ezahlukahlukene.
- I-Pap smear, ukuhlolwa okwenziwa kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane, nayo iwuhlobo lokuhlolwa kwe-cytology.
- Uma imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa 'ingavamile', akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho ungakhathazeki.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza mayelana nokuhlolwa noma imiphumela, xoxa ngakho ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho.
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