Wake wezwa nge-CMV, noma i-Cytomegalovirus? Mhlawumbe akunjalo. Kodwa leli yigciwane elivame kakhulu abaningi bethu abanalo empilweni yethu, kodwa alibonisi zimpawu ezinkulu. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, leli yigciwane elivela emndenini wegciwane le-herpes. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi omama abakhulelwe nalabo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka, kungaba yingozi kancane. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngakho konke ngale CMV ngamazwi alula namuhla.
Ubani othinteka kakhulu yigciwane le-CMV?
Nakuba noma ubani engathola i-CMV, abantu abaningi ababonisi zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezimbili lapho kungaba yingozi khona kakhulu .
Uma uba ne-CMV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa...
Uma utheleleke nge-CMV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngaphambi nje kokukhulelwa, igciwane lingadluliselwa enganeni yakho nge-placenta. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-congenital CMV . Lokhu kungandisa ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu futhi kungabangela ukuthi ingane izalwe inezinkinga ezithile zempilo. Isibonelo, izinkinga zokubona noma zokuzwa kanye nokubambezeleka ekuthuthukisweni kwengqondo.
Uma umuntu onesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka ethola i-CMV...
Uma une-HIV, noma uke wafakelwa isitho noma i-stem cell futhi uthatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba, isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka kunomuntu ovamile. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-immunocompromised .
Uma uke waba ne-CMV ngaphambili, igciwane lingase lilale emzimbeni wakho. Uma isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka, igciwane lingaphinde lisebenze futhi likwenze ugule. Nakuba lokhu kungase kungabi yinto enkulu kumuntu ophilile, kumuntu onesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka, ukuba nokutheleleka okusha kwe-CMV noma ukuvuselela okudala kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-CMV?
Unamathuba amaningi okutheleleka yi-CMV uma ungowala maqembu:
- Uma ungumntwana ongaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe ama-33% ezingane asuke esene-CMV ngesikhathi eneminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
- Uma usebenza noma uhlala nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala. (isib. othisha bezingane zasenkulisa, abazali)
- Uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka (isib. iziguli ezine-HIV/AIDS, abantu abafakelwe izitho zomzimba)
- Uma uhlala eduze kwabantu abaningi (isib. izindlu zokulala)
I-CMV igciwane elivame kakhulu, hhayi ezweni lethu kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokwezibalo emazweni afana ne-United States, ingxenye yabantu abaneminyaka engu-40 ubudala kanye no-90% abaneminyaka engu-80 ubudala sebethelelekile ngaleli gciwane.
Ziyini izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-CMV?
Izimpawu ze-CMV zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kuncike kakhulu ezintweni eziningana, njengesimo sesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somuntu onegciwane nokuthi ukutheleleka kwazalwa nakho noma kwatholakala.
Ake sibheke lokhu etafuleni ukuze sikuqonde kahle lokhu.
| Iqembu elithelelekile | Izimpawu ezingabonakala |
|---|---|
| Abantu abanesimiso somzimba esinempilo | Iningi labantu alinazo izimpawu. Abanye bangase babe nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-mononucleosis . - Ukukhathala - Ubuhlungu bemisipha - Ukujuluka - Ikhanda elibuhlungu - Umphimbo obuhlungu - Ama-lymph node avuvukele - Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba |
| Abantu abakhubazekile | Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi igciwane lithinta yiphi ingxenye yomzimba. - Imfiva - Ukukhathala - I-CMV pneumonitis: okuhlobene namaphaphu (ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela) - I-CMV retinitis: okuhlobene namehlo (ukubona okufiphele, ukulahlekelwa umbono) - I-CMV gastritis/colitis: isisu/amathumbu (ubuhlungu besisu, igazi endle, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, uhudo) - I- CMV encephalitis: okuhlobene nobuchopho ( ukuxhuzula , ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukudideka) |
| Izingane ezine-CMV ngesikhathi sokuzalwa (Congenital CMV) | Ezinye izingane zingase zingabi nazimpawu lapho zizalwa, kodwa zingase zivele kamuva. Izimpawu ezingase zivele lapho zizalwa: - Isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa - I-anemia - Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo (i-jaundice) - Amabala abomvu ngaphansi kwesikhumba (i-purpura noma i-petechiae) - Isibindi esikhulu (i-hepatomegaly) - Ukwanda kobende (i-splenomegaly) - Ikhanda elincane (i-microcephaly) - Ukuquleka - Ukukhubazeka kokuzwa - Ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhono okunyakaza komzimba |
Igciwane le-CMV lidluliselwa kanjani kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye?
I-CMV isakazeka ngoketshezi lomzimba lomuntu onegciwane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amathe, umchamo, igazi, ubisi lwebele, kanye nesidoda. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokusakazeka kwayo yilezi:
- Kukholakala ukuthi idluliselwa ngokuxhumana ngqo nomchamo namathe, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane nakwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
- Ngocansi. Kodwa-ke, i-CMV ayibhekwa njengesifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI).
- Ngokuncelisa (kusukela kumama onegciwane elisebenzayo kuya enganeni yakhe)
- Kusukela ekumpontshelweni igazi noma ekufakelweni isitho somzimba.
Uthola kanjani ukuthi unesifo se-CMV?
Odokotela basebenzisa kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwegazi, umchamo, noma amathe ukuze bathole ukutheleleka kwe-CMV. Njengoba ngokuvamile kungabangeli izimpawu ezinkulu, abantu abaphilile akudingeki benze lokhu kuhlolwa.
Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo sokuzivikela komzimba noma usana lwakho olusanda kuzalwa lunezimpawu ze-CMV ezishiwo ngenhla, udokotela wakho angase ancome lezi zivivinyo.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-CMV?
Ukutheleleka kwe-CMV kwelashwa ngemithi yokulwa namagciwane efana ne -ganciclovir noma i-valganciclovir . Le mithi inikezwa njengemijovo yemithambo noma njengamaphilisi omlomo.
Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lolu hlobo lokwelashwa lunikezwa kuphela abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kanye nezingane ezizalwa zinezimpawu ze-CMV. Uma umuntu onezivikeli mzimba eziphilile ethola i-CMV, umzimba uvame ukuyiqeda ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
Le mithi ayikwazi ukubuyisela emuva umonakalo osuvele ukhona (isib., ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa). Kodwa-ke, ingavimbela umonakalo owengeziwe. Izingane ezizalwa zine-CMV zingasizwa futhi ngokukhula kwazo ngokwelashwa okufana nokwelashwa ngenkulumo.
Ungayivimbela kanjani i-CMV?
Uma ukhulelwe noma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu ukuze uzivikele ku-CMV. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukugwema ukuthintana noketshezi lomzimba lwabanye abantu.
- Ungabelani ukudla, izipuni, amafoloko, nezinkomishi nezingane ezincane.
- Ungafaki i-pacifier yengane emlonyeni wakho.
- Ngemva kokushintsha inabukeni lengane noma ukusiza ingane ukuthi isebenzise indlu yangasese, geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho.
- Sebenzisa ikhondomu uma wenza ucansi.
- Uma uke wafakelwa isitho somzimba, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokulwa namagciwane ukuvimbela i-CMV.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Uma uwela kwesinye sezigaba ezilandelayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nge-CMV.
- Uma unezimpawu ze-CMV futhi unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, bona udokotela ngokushesha .
- Uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho esanda kuzalwa inezimpawu ze-CMV yokuzalwa.
- Uma amasosha akho omzimba ebuthakathaka.
- Uma ulungiselela noma uke wafakelwa isitho.
- Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa.
Kulezi zimo, udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ngokuningiliziwe izinyathelo okudingeka uzithathe ukuze uzivikele ku-CMV.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-CMV igciwane elivame kakhulu elivame ukungabi yingozi kubantu abaphilile.
- Kodwa-ke, leli gciwane lingabangela izinkinga eziyingozi kakhulu komama abakhulelwe, izingane ezingakazalwa, kanye nalabo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka .
- Kubaluleke kakhulu omama abakhulelwe nezingane ezincane ukugwema ukuthintana noketshezi lomzimba olufana namathe nomchamo nokulandela imikhuba elula yokuhlanzeka njengokugeza izandla njalo nangokuphelele.
- Uma ungomunye wamaqembu asengozini okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, ungesabi i-CMV, khuluma ngayo ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho bese uthola iseluleko esidingekayo.
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