Wake wambona umuntu oseduze nawe, mhlawumbe othile egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile esibhedlela, enezingalo nemilenze yakhe egoqekile ngendlela exakile ngenkathi engazi lutho? Noma ubani angasaba ukubona izingalo nemilenze yakhe igobile ezindololwaneni, izandla zakhe ziboshwe ngezibhakela, nemilenze yakhe isakazeke kabanzi. Kuvamile ukuzizwa ushaqekile kakhulu futhi wesaba uma ubona lokhu. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalesi simo, esibhekwa njengophawu olubi kakhulu kwezokwelapha, olubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Decorticate Posturing'.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Decorticate Posturing?
Lokhu akuyona into eyenziwa ngamabomu, njengokugxumagxuma kwezingalo zesiguli esinesifo sokuwa ngesikhathi sokuwa. Ukuma okuhlotshisiwe yisimo lapho imisipha yomzimba iqina khona futhi umzimba ugobe endaweni ethile ngenxa yomonakalo omkhulu noma ukuphazamiseka kobuchopho. Lokhu kufana nesimo somzimba umzimba osithatha ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Umuntu onalesi simo uvame ukungazi lutho nhlobo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikhuluma noma sinyakaza kangakanani, akasabeli. Odokotela basebenzisa lesi simo njengesibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu ku-'Glasgow Coma Scale', esilinganisa ubunzima besiguli esikwi-coma.
Ake sibheke kabanzi ukuthi umzimba ubekwe kanjani kulesi simo.
| Ingxenye yomzimba | Indlela ekhona ngayo |
|---|---|
| Izingalo | Igobile ngokuqinile ezindololwaneni futhi idonseleke esifubeni. |
| Izandla neminwe | Izandla ziboshwe ngezibhakela, izihlakala zigobile ngaphakathi. |
| Imilenze | Zombili zinwetshiwe ngokuqinile. |
| Izinyawo nezinzwane | Izinzwane ziqondiswe kude nomzimba bese ziphendukela ngaphakathi kancane. |
Lokhu kuma komzimba kungabonakala ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba noma kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu zalokhu?
Ukuma okuhlotshisiwe kwenzeka lapho kwenzeka umonakalo ezingxenyeni ezithile zobuchopho. Ubuchopho buyisitho esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Bulawula ukunyakaza kwemizimba yethu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene. Lokhu kuma kubangelwa kakhulu ukulimala kwalezi zingxenye zobuchopho:
- I-Cerebral Cortex: Lena ungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu lobuchopho bethu olunemibimbi. Yilapho iningi lemisebenzi yethu esezingeni eliphezulu, njengokucabanga nokwenza izinqumo, livela khona.
- I-Thalamus: Le ngxenye yobuchopho, etholakala phakathi kobuchopho, ifana nendawo enkulu yokuhlangana. Iyasiza ekudluliseni izimpawu phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho.
- Ubuchopho Obuphakathi Obuphezulu: I-brainstem iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba exhumanisa ubuchopho bethu nomgogodla. Ibalulekile futhi ekulawuleni imisebenzi ebalulekile njengokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo.
Kalula nje, lesi simo senzeka lapho ukuxhumana phakathi kwezikhungo zokulawula ezisezingeni eliphezulu zobuchopho (njenge-cerebral cortex) kanye ne-brainstem kuphazamiseka.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezingadala lolu hlobo lomonakalo:
- Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda: Ukulimala Kobuchopho Okwenzakalisayo (ii-TBI) okubangelwa izinto ezifana nezingozi zezimoto kanye nokuwa.
- Isifo sohlangothi: Ukuvaleka kokugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni noma ukuqhuma komthambo wegazi ebuchosheni.
- Ukopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho: Ukopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho.
- Izimila Zobuchopho: Ukucindezeleka ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ngenxa yomdlavuza noma izimila ezingengozini.
- Ukutheleleka kobuchopho: Ukutheleleka kobuchopho okufana ne-meningitis, i-encephalitis, noma umalaleveva unzima kakhulu.
- Ukwanda kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kwekhanda (Intracranial Hypertension).
- Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni (i-Cerebral Hypoxia).
- Ukweqisa izidakamizwa.
- Ubuthi bomthofu.
- Amazinga kashukela egazini aphansi kakhulu (i-Hypoglycemia).
- I-hepatic encephalopathy (ubuthi bobuchopho obubangelwa ukwehluleka kwesibindi).
Lesi simo selashwa kanjani?
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyiqonde lapha ukuthi ayikho indlela ehlukile yokwelapha ukuhlobisa ukuma, ngoba akusona isifo, kodwa uphawu lwesinye isimo esibucayi kakhulu esiyisisekelo.
Ngakho-ke, odokotela bagxila ekwelapheni isimo esiyisisekelo esibangele lesi simo. Isibonelo:
- Uma kuyisifo sobuchopho, kuzonikezwa ama-antibiotic afanele.
- Uma kuyisifo somdlavuza wobuchopho, kusetshenziswa ukuhlinzwa noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
- Uma ushukela wegazi uphansi, ubuyisela amazinga kashukela egazini ngokushesha.
Ngenxa yokuthi laba ziguli abazi lutho, kubalulekile ukubanikeza ukunakekelwa okusekelayo . Isibonelo, uma benenkinga yokuphefumula bodwa, baxhunywe kumshini wokuphefumula. Ukudla okudingekile kunikezwa ngepayipi lamakhala noma i-saline.
Uma othandekayo ebhekana nalesi simo, udokotela wakho kuphela ongakuchazela kangcono indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza kanye nezinketho zokwelapha.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Decorticate ne-Decerebrate Posturing?
Kukhona okunye ukuma okufana nalokho, kodwa kuthiwa kuyisimo esibi kakhulu. Kubizwa ngokuthi i-Decerebrate Posturing . Nakuba udokotela oqeqeshiwe ekwazi ukubona umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili, ngezinye izikhathi isiguli singabhekana nakho kokubili ngokushintshana.
Umehluko omkhulu umane nje yilokhu:
| Isimo somzimba | Isici Esiyinhloko |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlobisa ukuma | Izingalo zigobile ezindololwaneni futhi zilethwe esifubeni. (Izingalo zigobile ) |
| Ukuma Okungaqondile | Izingalo zeluliwe ezindololwaneni futhi ziqinile ezinhlangothini zomzimba. (Izingalo ziqondile ) |
Ngokuvamile, ukuma kwe-decebrate kubonisa umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu ku-brainstem.
Ingabe lesi simo singalungiswa?
Lona ngumbuzo omkhulu engqondweni yawo wonke umuntu. Kungokwemvelo ukuzizwa wesaba kakhulu uma ubona ukuma okuhlotshisiwe. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu.
Nokho, akunakushiwo ngokuqiniseka ukuthi konke sekuphelile futhi alikho ikhambi lalokhu kuziphatha.
Amathuba okululama ancike ngokuphelele esifweni esiyisisekelo esisibangele, izinga lokulimala kobuchopho, nokuthi ukwelashwa okufanele kwatholakala ngokushesha kangakanani. Isibonelo, uma lesi simo sibangelwe yimbangela efana noshukela wegazi ophansi, amathuba okululama okuphelele aphezulu kakhulu uma elashwa ngokushesha.
Ngesayensi yezokwelapha ethuthukisiwe yanamuhla, izimo eziningi ezithinta ubuchopho zingelashwa ngempumelelo, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokulahla ithemba ngokuphelele.
Ingabe lesi simo singavinjelwa?
Nakuba singenakukwazi ukulawula ezinye zezici ezibangela lokhu, kunezinto ezimbalwa esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi:
- Lawula izifo ezingamahlalakhona: Uma unezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho kanye nemithi yakhe ngqo.
- Gqoka imishini yokuphepha: Ukulimala ekhanda kuyimbangela eyinhloko yalokhu. Ngakho-ke , gqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela kahle uma ugibela amabhayisikili nezithuthuthu. Sebenzisa ibhande lesihlalo uma uhamba ngezimoto.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca: Lezi zinto zinganciphisa ingozi yezifo ezifana nesifo sohlangothi.
- Thola ukwelashwa kwezifo ngokushesha: Uma uthola ukutheleleka endlebeni yakho, ekhaleni, noma emphinjeni, ungacabangi nje ukuthi kuzophela. Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kutheleleka kungasakazekela ebuchosheni futhi kubangele izimo ezibucayi ezifana nalezi. Ngakho-ke, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuma okuhlotshisiwe kuwukugoba umzimba wesiguli esingazi lutho ngokuzenzakalelayo endaweni engavamile. Lokhu kuwuphawu lokulimala okukhulu kobuchopho.
- Uma ubona umuntu equlekile, kulesi simo, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ngaphandle kokulibala umzuzwana, thatha isiguli usiyise e -Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze.
- Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwalesi simo, futhi ukwelashwa kuqondiswe esimweni esiyisisekelo esibangele lesi simo.
- Ukuvikela ikhanda (izigqoko zokuzivikela, amabhande esihlalo) kanye nokuphathwa kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona kunganciphisa ingozi yalesi simo.
- Nakuba lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esibi kakhulu, akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi akukho ikhambi, futhi amathuba okululama ancike embangela kanye nokwelashwa okuyisisekelo.
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