Ingabe ingane yakho isakumomotheka? Noma kubonakala sengathi yephuzile ukugoba noma ukuhamba njengezinye izingane? Kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuthi umama noma ubaba abe nelukuluku lokwazi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi esaba kancane, ngokukhula kwengane yakhe. Kungokwemvelo ukuqhathanisa ingane yakho nezinye izingane. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole izimpendulo zale mibuzo engqondweni yakho, ake sixoxe namuhla ngalokhu kubambezeleka kokukhula, okungukuthi, 'ukubambezeleka kokukhula'.
Kuyini ngempela ukubambezeleka kwentuthuko?
Kalula nje, ukubambezeleka kokukhula kusho ukuthi ingane yakho yephuze ukufinyelela ezigabeni ezithile zokukhula uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izingane ezineminyaka yazo.
Manje, yiziphi lezi zigaba zentuthuko? Cabanga nje...
- Isikhathi sokuqala umntwana ekubuka bese emomotheka.
- Ephendula intamo futhi ephenduka.
- Uzama ukuma ebambelele kokuthile.
- Uphakamisa isandla sakho uthi "Tata".
- Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuba nayo.
- Ukusho igama lokuqala elithi "mama" noma "baba".
Lezi yizinto esizibiza ngokuthi izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa. Zisebenza kuzo zonke izindawo zokudlala, ukufunda, ukukhuluma, ukuziphatha, kanye nokunyakaza.
Kodwa nansi into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule. Akuzona zonke izingane ezifanayo. Ezinye izingane zihamba ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ezinye zihambe kamuva. Kufana nokuthi akuwona wonke umuntu owela umugqa wokuqeda ngesikhathi esifanayo emjahweni. Ngakho-ke, ukuthi ingane yakho iphuze kancane kokuthile akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi inokuphazamiseka kokukhula.
Sibiza ukubambezeleka kokukhula kwengane kuphela uma ihlala ilibazisa ukwenza izinto ezilindeleke kuyo eminyakeni ethile.
Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko zokukhula kwengane?
Ukukhula kwengane akusho nje ukuthi ikhula ngokomzimba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto eziningi ziyathuthuka, njengobuchopho bayo, imizwa, amakhono okuxhumana, kanye namakhono okuxhumana nabantu. Ake sihlukanise lezi zindawo zokukhula zibe yizindawo eziningana eziyinhloko. Lezi yizindawo eziyinhloko lapho ukubambezeleka kungabonakala khona.
| Indawo Yentuthuko | Kwenzekani lapha? (Kalula nje) |
|---|---|
| Amakhono Okuqonda | Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinto ezifana nokucabanga, ukufunda izinto ezintsha, nokuqonda ulwazi. Ingane ebambezeleka kulesi sigaba ingaba nobunzima bokulandela imiyalelo nokuxazulula izinkinga. |
| Amakhono Ezenhlalo Nangokomzwelo | Ikhono lokuzwana nabanye, ukuveza imizwa yabo, nokuxhumana ngezidingo zabo. Ingane ebambezeleka kulesi sigaba ingaba nobunzima bokuqonda imizwa yabanye, ukugcina ingxoxo, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezinguquko emisebenzini yansuku zonke. |
| Amakhono Okukhuluma Nolimi | Ukusebenzisa nokuqonda ulimi. Ingane ebambezeleka kulesi sigaba ingaba nobunzima bokukhuluma amagama noma ukuqonda lokho abanye abakushoyo. |
| Amakhono Okunyakaza Okuhle Nokukhulu | Ikhono lokulawula imisipha emincane (isib. iminwe) kanye nemisipha emikhulu (isib. imilenze, izingalo) yomzimba. Ingane enenkinga yokunyakaza okuncane ingaba nobunzima bokubamba, ukufaka imibala, nokubhala. Ingane enenkinga yokunyakaza okukhulu ingaba nobunzima bokugingqika, ukuhlala phansi, nokuhamba. |
Kuyini Ukulibaziseka Kwentuthuko Yomhlaba Wonke?
Ngezinye izikhathi ingane ingaba nokubambezeleka endaweni eyodwa kuphela. Isibonelo, ingase ibe sekwephuzile ekukhulumeni. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona ukubambezeleka okukhulu ezindaweni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kwalezi ezibalulekile esisanda kuxoxa ngazo, odokotela babiza lesi simo ngokuthi Ukulibaziseka Kokuthuthukiswa Komhlaba Wonke .
Ingabe lokhu kuhlobene ne-autism? Uyini umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili?
Lena inkinga abazali abaningi abanayo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokulibaziseka kokukhula, futhi kukhona nokukhubazeka kokukhula njenge- Autism Spectrum Disorder .
- Ukwephuza Kokukhula: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingane iphuza kancane kunabanye abantwana ukuthuthukisa amakhono athile. Njengengane ephuza kancane ukufika ekilasini. Kodwa-ke, uma itholakala kusenesikhathi futhi inikezwa ukwesekwa okudingekayo, okungukuthi, ukwelashwa nokuqeqeshwa (ukungenelela kusenesikhathi), lezi zingane ngokuvamile zingabathola ontanga bazo.
- Ukukhubazeka Kokukhula:Izimo ezifana ne-autism ziwela kulesi sigaba. Lezi akuzona izinto eziziphelela zodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ngokuvamile ziyizimo zokuphila konke. I-Autism yisimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemizwa esithinta ukukhula kobuchopho. Izingane ezine-autism zingase zibe nobunzima bokuxhumana nabanye, ukuxhumana, kanye nokuxhumana nabantu.
Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukubona ngokushesha ukuthi ingane inokukhubazeka kokukhula noma isimo esifana ne-autism.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inkinga iyini, ukuyibona kusenesikhathi nokunikeza ingane usizo eludingayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekusaseni layo.
Yiziphi izimpawu zokulibaziseka kokukhula?
Izimpawu zokulibaziseka kokukhula ziyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo ethintekile. Lezi ezinye zezinto ongase uziqaphele lapho unakekela ingane yakho.
- Ukugingqika, ukuhlala, ukukhasa, nokuhamba kuyabambezeleka.
- Ubunzima bokubamba izinto ezincane ngeminwe yakho, ukubamba ipensela, kanye nombala.
- Ubunzima bokuqonda lokho abanye abakushoyo.
- Uma kuvela inkinga, kunzima ukucabanga ngendlela yokuyixazulula.
- Ubunzima bokudlala nabanye abantwana nokuba nobudlelwano nabantu.
- Ukukhuluma okulibazisekile noma ubunzima bokukhuluma.
- Ubunzima bokukhumbula izinto.
- Ukungakwazi ukuqonda imiphumela yezenzo zomuntu.
Ungakhathazeki ngesinye noma ezimbili zalezi zimpawu. Kodwa uma uqhubeka ubona eziningana zalezi zinto, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
Kungani izingane zinesikhathi sokulibala kangaka?
Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, kuvame ukuba nzima ukukhomba imbangela eqondile yokubambezeleka kwentuthuko. Kodwa-ke, kunezici eziningana ezingaba nomthelela kwezinye izimo.
- Izici zofuzo: Ezinye izimo zofuzo, njenge- Down syndrome noma i-fragile X syndrome, zingabangela ukubambezeleka kokukhula.
- Ezinye izici kanye nemvelo:
- Ukuchayeka kukamama ezintweni ezinobuthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinjengotshwala nezidakamizwa.
- Ukuchayeka ebuthi ngemva kokuzalwa: Ukungenisa izinto ezifana nomthofu.
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa.
- Umoya-mpilo onganele ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.
- Ukuntuleka kokudla okufanele.
- Izimo zempilo ezifana nokutheleleka njalo ezindlebeni kanye nezinkinga zokubona.
- Ingane ike yabhekana nokulimala okukhulu (isib. ukuhlukunyezwa kwengane).
Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu? (Ukuhlolwa kokukhula)
Indlela odokotela abayisebenzisayo ukuhlola intuthuko yengane yakho ibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kokukhula . Lokhu akusikho ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuhlolwa kwelebhu.
Ngokuvamile uma uyisa ingane yakho emtholampilo, udokotela uzokwenza lolu vivinyo. Kwenzekani lapho:
- Udokotela ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nomntwana.
- Sixoxa futhi sidlala nengane futhi sibheke indlela efunda, ekhuluma, eziphatha ngayo, futhi enyakaza ngayo.
- Mhlawumbe unganikwa ngisho nohlu lwemibuzo okufanele ulugcwalise.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kuzosiza udokotela ukuthi aqonde ukuthi ukukhula kwengane yakho kuyinto evamile yini, noma ukuthi idinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe noma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Njengoba ingane ngayinye ihlukile, udokotela uzobheka isimo sengane iyonke bese efinyelela esiphethweni.
Kungani lolu vivinyo lubalulekile?
Uma ukubambezeleka kungatholakali kusenesikhathi, kuzoba sekwephuze kakhulu ukuthi ingane ithole usizo eludingayo. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ngayo ukufunda, futhi ukubambezeleka kungase kube kukhulu nakakhulu. Uma ingane isheshe ithole usizo, ikusasa layo lizoba ngcono.
Uma ngithola ukuthi ingane yami ibambezelekile, kuzokwenzekani ngokulandelayo?
Uma udokotela wakho ebona ukubambezeleka ekukhuleni kwengane yakho, angase adlulisele ingane yakho kwabanye ochwepheshe noma abelaphi. Lokhu kungafaka:
- Uchwepheshe wezindlebe
- Umeluleki wezokukhuluma
- Udokotela wezingane othuthukayo
- Udokotela wezinzwa
- Abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zokungenelela kusenesikhathi
Ake sifunde ngezinsizakalo ezibalulekile ezibizwa ngokuthi Ukungenelela Kwangaphambi Kwesikhathi.
Izinsizakalo Zokungenelela Kwasekuqaleni ziyizinsizakalo zokusekela ezikhethekile zezinsana nezingane ezincane (ngokuvamile ezifika eminyakeni emi-3 ubudala) ezinezinselele ezithile zokukhula. Lezi zinsizakalo zinikeza ukwelashwa nokuqeqeshwa okudingekayo ekukhuleni kwengane.
Izingane ezithola usizo kulezi zinsizakalo zifaka:
- Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi
- Izingane ezinezinkinga ezahlukene zempilo
- Izingane ezibambezeleka ekukhulumeni, ekucabangeni, ekudlaleni, noma ekunyakazeni
- Kubandakanya nezingane ezinenkinga yokubona noma yokuzwa.
Uma ingane yakho ifanelekela lezi zinsizakalo, ithimba lochwepheshe lizokwakha Uhlelo Lwezinsizakalo Zomndeni Oluzimele (IFSP) . Okusho ukuthi, uhlelo oluhambisana nezidingo zengane yakho nomndeni wakho. Lolu hlelo lungafaka izinsizakalo ezifana nalezi:
- Ukwelashwa ngenkulumo
- Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba
- Ukwelashwa emsebenzini
- Ukwelulekwa nokuqeqeshwa komndeni
- Izinsizakalo zokudla okunempilo
- Kudingeka imishini ekhethekile (ubuchwepheshe bokusiza)
Njengomzali ungamsiza kanjani ingane yakho?
Uma ingane yakho inokukhubazeka kokukhula, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza njengomzali, ngaphezu kokwelashwa.
1. Dlala nengane yakho: Ukudlala kuthuthukisa amakhono ahlukahlukene engane. Isibonelo, ukudlala ngezinto ezifana ne-play-dough kuthuthukisa amakhono okunyakaza komzimba. Ukudlala enkundleni yokudlala kuthuthukisa amakhono omzimba kanye namakhono okuxhumana nabantu. Ukudlala nabanye kuthuthukisa amakhono olimi.
2. Funda izincwadi nengane yakho: Ukufundela ingane yakho izincwadi kuyindlela enhle yokusiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono ayo olimi. Uma ingane izwa amagama amaningi, ifunda amagama amaningi.
3. Nciphisa Isikhathi Sesikrini: Izingane zifunda kangcono hhayi ngokubuka i-TV noma ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo, kodwa ngokuxhumana nabanye ubuso nobuso. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa isikhathi sesikrini sezingane ezincane singadluli ihora elilodwa ngosuku.
4. Yenza isimiso: Uma ubeka imisebenzi yansuku zonke ohlelweni olunezithombe, kulula ngengane ukulandela imiyalelo nokuqonda inqubo yansuku zonke.
5. Hlala uxhumene nodokotela nabelaphi: Khuluma nodokotela nabelaphi abasiza ingane yakho njalo. Babuze ngentuthuko yengane yakho nokuthi yini ongayenza ekhaya.
Kuvamile ukuzizwa udabuke futhi wesaba uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho inokuphazamiseka kokukhula. Kodwa khumbula, ngokwelashwa nokusekelwa okufanele, ingane yakho ingachuma futhi ibonise amakhono ayo njengabanye abantwana. Uma unokungabaza okuncane, ungalibali ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ingane ngayinye ikhula ngesivinini sayo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokukhula.
- Uma unokungabaza noma ukwesaba okuncane kakhulu ngentuthuko yengane yakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho nakanjani. Ungenzi izinqumo ngokusekelwe kulokho okufundayo ku-inthanethi.
- Ukulibaziseka kokukhula akufani ne-autism. Kukhona umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili.
- Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo esingcono kakhulu sempumelelo yengane yesikhathi esizayo. Kubalulekile ukunikeza usizo ngokushesha nje lapho inkinga itholakala.
- Ngezinye izikhathi awukwazi ukuthola isizathu salokhu. Ngakho-ke ungazizwa kabi ngakho, ucabange ukuthi yiphutha lakho. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza ingane yakho ukwesekwa ekudingayo.
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