Uzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi? Umlomo wakho owomile? Noma udinga ukuchama njalo? Lezi kungaba izimpawu ezivamile zesifo sikashukela. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Diabetes Mellitus, abantu abaningi abasesabe, indlela yokusixilonga, nokuthi singaselapha kanjani ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.
Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi nginesifo sikashukela?
Uma unezici eziyingozi zesifo sikashukela, noma uma umchamo wakho ubonisa amazinga aphezulu kashukela, udokotela wakho angase asole ukuthi unesifo sikashukela. Kalula nje, uma i-hormone insulin ekhiqizwa yi-pancreas emzimbeni wethu yehla (isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1) noma uma umzimba ungasabeli kahle ku-insulin (isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2), izinga likashukela egazini, okungukuthi, ushukela egazini, liyakhuphuka.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlolwa okuyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ngokuvamile, uma udokotela ethola ukuthi inani elilodwa lokuhlolwa liphezulu, uzokweluleka ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuphindwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe.
| Igama lokuhlolwa | Indlela yokwenza | Izinga lokusolakala kwesifo sikashukela |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuzila Ukudla Ushukela Egazini (FBS) | Ukuhlola amazinga kashukela egazini ekuseni ngaphambi kokudla noma yini. | Uma kungu-126 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kokubekezelela I-glucose Yomlomo (OGTT) | Phuza isiphuzo esiqukethe ushukela bese uhlola ushukela egazini lakho njalo ngemizuzu engama-30-60 kuze kube amahora ama-3. | Uma u-200 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu ngemva kwamahora ama-2. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwe-HbA1c (Ukuhlolwa kwe-A1c) | Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okubonisa izinga lakho elijwayelekile likashukela egazini ezinyangeni ezi-2-3 ezedlule. | Uma kungu-6.5% noma ngaphezulu. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-Zinc Transporter 8 Autoantibody (ZnT8Ab). Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi umuntu unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 noma olunye uhlobo. Ngokuthola lesi sifo kusenesikhathi nangokunembile, ukwelashwa okufanele kungaqalwa ngokushesha.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha isifo sikashukela?
Isifo sikashukela akusona isifo ongasilapha wedwa. Siyisimo esibucayi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelashwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela.
Udokotela wakho uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele wena futhi ongaluqonda. Ungadinga usizo lwabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo endleleni. Isibonelo, ungadinga usizo lukadokotela wezinyawo, isazi sokudla okunempilo, udokotela wamehlo, kanye nodokotela we-endocrinologist.
Isisekelo sokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela inhlanganisela yemithi , ukuzivocavoca, kanye nokudla ukuze ugcine amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ngaphakathi kwebanga eliqondiwe elinqunywe udokotela wakho. Ngokunaka lokho okudlayo nokuthi udla nini, unganciphisa ukwanda okungazelelwe kwamazinga kashukela egazini lakho (umphumela we-seesaw). Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni isidingo sokulungisa imithi yakho, ikakhulukazi umthamo wakho we-insulin, kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Imithi Yesifo Sikashukela
Ukwelashwa Kwesifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 1
Uma unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, i-pancreas yakho ayisakhiqizi i-insulin oyidingayo ukuze ukhiqize amandla. Ngakho-ke kufanele uthole i-insulin emithonjeni yangaphandle, kungaba ngokujova noma ngephampu ye-insulin . Nakuba ukuzijova kungase kubonakale kuyesabisa kancane ekuqaleni, akunzima njengoba ungase ucabange.
Abanye abantu basebenzisa idivayisi yekhompyutha ebizwa ngokuthi i-insulin pump, ekhipha i-insulin emzimbeni ngesikhathi esifanele nangenani elifanele.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-insulin ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje.
| Uhlobo lwe-insulini | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukusebenza okusheshayo | Kuqala ukusebenza ngemizuzu embalwa futhi kuhlale amahora angu-2-4. |
| Isikhathi Esifushane (Esivamile noma Esisebenza Kafushane) | Iqala ukusebenza ngemizuzu engama-30 futhi ihlala amahora ama-3-6. |
| Ukusebenza okuphakathi nendawo | Isebenza emahoreni angu-1-2 futhi ihlala amahora afinyelela kwangu-18. |
| Isebenza isikhathi eside | Isebenza emahoreni angu-1-2 futhi ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-24. |
| Ukusebenza isikhathi eside kakhulu | Isebenza emahoreni angu-1-2 futhi ihlala amahora angama-42. |
Ukwelashwa Kwesifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 2
Abanye abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili bangalawula isifo sabo ngokudla nokuzivocavoca kuphela. Abanye badinga amaphilisi noma imijovo ye-insulin. Le mithi isebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene ukubuyisela amazinga kashukela egazini esimweni esijwayelekile.
- Imithi ekhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin yi-pancreas: Izibonelo: i-glimepiride, i-glipizide, i-glyburide.
- Imithi enciphisa ukumuncwa kukashukela ekudleni: Isibonelo: i-acarbose (Precose).
- Imithi ethuthukisa indlela umzimba osebenzisa ngayo i-insulin: Izibonelo: i-pioglitazone (i-Actos).
- Imithi enciphisa ukukhiqizwa kukashukela yisibindi futhi inciphise ukumelana ne-insulin: Isibonelo: i-metformin (i-Glucophage). I-Metformin iyasiza futhi ekulawuleni ushukela ngoba iyasiza ekunciphiseni isisindo.
- Imithi evimba ukumuncwa kabusha ushukela yizinso futhi yandise ukuphuma kwawo emchameni (ama-SGLT2 inhibitors): Izibonelo: i-canagliflozin (Invokana), i-dapagliflozin (Farxiga). Lezi zinezinzuzo ezengeziwe njengokunciphisa isisindo kanye nengozi encishisiwe yesifo senhliziyo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha umuthi owunikezwa udokotela wakho, ngesilinganiso esifanele, ngesikhathi esifanele . Ungalokothi usebenzise umuthi womunye umuntu noma uyeke ukuwuthatha ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela.
Yini okufanele ibe ukudla kwesifo sikashukela?
Ukudla okunempilo kubalulekile kumuntu onesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke khuluma nodokotela wakho noma isazi sokudla ukuze udale uhlelo lokudla olufanele wena.
- Ukudla nesikhathi: Uma unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, inani le-insulin oyithathayo lizoncika emsebenzini wakho kanye nokudla okudlayo. Ngakho-ke lokho okudlayo, ukuthi udla okungakanani, nokuthi udla nini kubaluleke ngendlela efanayo. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukudla ukudla okuyinhloko okuthathu kanye nokudla okulula okuthathu noma okune.
- Umthetho wepuleti: Zama ukugcwalisa ingxenye yepuleti lakho ngemifino engenaso isitashi esiningi (isib. i-broccoli, izaqathi, ukhukhamba, iklabishi, utamatisi, ubhontshisi).
- Qaphela ama-carbohydrate: Ukwazi ukuthi mangaki ama-carbohydrate owadingayo nokuthi udla malini kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ushukela egazini. Khetha okusanhlamvu okuphelele (isib. ilayisi elinsundu, ilayisi elinsundu, i-oats, ibhali).
- Amafutha namaprotheni: Nciphisa amafutha agcwele. Susa amafutha e-trans ngokuphelele. Khetha inyama engenamafutha amaningi, inhlanzi, amantongomane, kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha aphansi.
Ukubaluleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungenye insika ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela. Kodwa kufanele nakanjani ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yiluphi uhlelo lokuzivocavoca . Ukuzivocavoca kuthuthukisa indlela umzimba wakho osebenzisa ngayo i-insulin futhi kunganciphisa amazinga kashukela egazini.
- Qaphela i-hypoglycemia: Hlola izinga likashukela egazini lakho cishe isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca bese udla ukudla okulula okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate uma kudingeka. Uma uzwa izimpawu zoshukela ophansi egazini (isiyezi, ukujuluka, ukuqhaqhazela) ngenkathi uvivinya umzimba, yeka ukuzivocavoca bese udla okuthile okumnandi ngokushesha (isib. isipuni sikashukela, i-glucose ethile).
- Kufanele uvivinye umzimba ongakanani?: Kunconywa ukuthi okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 yokuzivocavoca okulingene, njengokuhamba ngokushesha, ngesonto. Qala kancane kancane bese wandisa isikhathi kancane kancane.
Lezi zinguquko zendlela yokuphila ziyimfuneko.
Gwema ukubhema.
Yeka lo mkhuba namuhla. Uma ubhema, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho. Futhi ingozi yakho yokuthola izinkinga ezibangelwa isifo sikashukela (isifo senhliziyo, isifo sezinso, ukulimala kwemizwa, ubumpumputhe) iphakeme kakhulu.
Nciphisa utshwala.
Uma uphuza i-insulin noma amaphilisi athile esifo sikashukela, ukuphuza utshwala kungabangela amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ehle ngendlela eyingozi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma uphuza utshwala, isibindi sakho sisebenza ukuze sikhiphe utshwala esikhundleni sokulawula ushukela egazini lakho.
Nciphisa ukucindezeleka.
Ukucindezeleka kungakhuphula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho, ngakho thola izindlela zokuphumula. Izinto ezifana nokuzindla, i-yoga, kanye nokuchitha isikhathi nabangani kungasiza.
Nakekela amazinyo nezinsini zakho.
Isifo sikashukela singandisa ingozi yesifo sezinsini, ngakho-ke xubha amazinyo akho kahle nsuku zonke.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Nakuba isifo sikashukela siyisifo esibi kakhulu, uma siphathwa kahle, kungenzeka ukuphila impilo evamile.
- Landela uhlelo lokwelashwa lukadokotela wakho ngqo. Ungalokothi ushintshe noma uyeke imithi yakho wedwa.
- Izinsika ezintathu zokudla, ukuvivinya umzimba kanye nemithi ziyisisekelo sokuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola amazinga kashukela egazini lakho njalo.
- Gwema ngokuphelele imikhuba eyingozi njengokubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.
- Qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa noma isithasiselo.
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