Uke wazizwa womile kakhulu muva nje ? Ingabe udinga ukuya endlini yokugezela njalo? Ingabe wehlisa isisindo ngokungalindelekile? Noma ingabe uzwa ukungabi namandla ezandleni nasezinyaweni zakho? Uma unalezi zimpawu, udokotela wakho angase afune ukuthi uhlolwe ukuze abone ukuthi unesifo sikashukela yini. Eqinisweni, abanye abantu bangaba nesifo sikashukela ngaphandle kokuba nazimpawu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo sikashukela.
Kuyini Ushukela Ogazini?
Kalula nje, ushukela wegazi noma i-glucose yegazi yiwona uphethiloli oyinhloko onikeza umzimba wethu amandla. Kufana nophethiloli wemoto. Umzimba wethu uguqula ama-carbohydrate ekudleni esikudlayo abe ushukela (ushukela), okuyiwona onikeza amandla kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni. Isibindi sethu senza futhi sigcine lo shukela. Uma singadli isikhashana, umzimba uzama ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini ajwayelekile ngokusebenzisa ushukela ogcinwe esibindini.
Manje, lapha i-hormone i-insulin idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Cabanga ukuthi amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu afana nezindlu, kanti i-glucose ifana nephasela lokudla elidingwa yilawo makhaya. I-insulin ifana nesihluthulelo esivula umnyango wokungenisa lelo phasela lokudla endlini.
Ngakho-ke, kwenzekani uma umzimba wakho ungakhiqizi i-insulin eyanele, noma uma i-insulin onayo ingasebenzi kahle (iminyango ayikwazi ukuvuleka)? Lawo maphasela okudla (i-glucose) awakwazi ukungena emangqamuzaneni, futhi aqoqana emithanjeni yegazi. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ushukela ophezulu egazini (i-Hyperglycemia) .
Uma amazinga kashukela egazini ehlala ephezulu isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokwelashwa, kungalimaza imizwa yethu, imithambo yegazi, amehlo, izinso kanye nenhliziyo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukukubona kusenesikhathi.
Yiziphi izivivinyo zegazi eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga isifo sikashukela?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlolwa odokotela abazisebenzisayo ukuze bathole ukuthi unesifo sikashukela yini. Ezinye zidinga ukuthi uzile ukudla ngobusuku obandulele, kanti ezinye azidingi. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha ukuhlolwa okufanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezimpawini kanye nesimo sakho.
1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Lolu vivinyo oluvame ukwenziwa.
- Indlela okwenziwa ngayo: Akufanele udle noma uphuze lutho okungenani amahora angu-8 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa (amanzi amancane alungile). Ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa ekuseni. Isampula encane yegazi ithathwa emthanjeni osengalweni yakho bese ihlolwa elebhu.
- Ake siqonde imiphumela:
- 99 mg/dL noma ngaphansi: Izinga elijwayelekile
- Uma phakathi kuka-100 mg/dL no-125 mg/dL:I-prediabetes. Lokho kusho isimo esiyingozi.
- Uma kungu-126 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu (ezinsukwini ezimbili ezahlukene): Kutholakale ukuthi une-Diabetes.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Glucose Ye-Plasma Okuvamile Noma Okungahleliwe
Lokhu ukuhlolwa okusheshayo okwenziwa esimweni esiphuthumayo noma kumuntu onezimpawu ezinzima.
- Indlela okwenziwa ngayo: Akudingeki uzile ukudla ngenxa yalokhu. Kuthathwa isampula yegazi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku bese ihlolwa.
- Ake siqonde imiphumela: Uma izinga likashukela egazini lakho lingu-200 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu , futhi unezimpawu zesifo sikashukela, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi unesifo sikashukela. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza olunye uhlolo ukuqinisekisa.
3. Ukuhlolwa Kokubekezelela I-glucose Yomlomo (OGTT)
Lokhu kuhlola kulinganisa ukuthi umzimba wakho ungawulawula kahle kangakanani ushukela egazini. Kuphinde kusetshenziswe ukuthola isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.
- Indlela okwenziwa ngayo: Okokuqala, kuthathwa isampula yegazi elizila ukudla. Bese unikezwa isiphuzo esinoshukela. Bese kuthathwa elinye isampula yegazi ngemva kwehora elilodwa namahora amabili.
- Ake siqonde imiphumela: Uma izinga lakho likashukela lingu-200 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu ngemva kwamahora amabili, kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela.
4. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
Lolu luvivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu.
- Indlela okwenziwa ngayo: Lokhu akubheki nje amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ngosuku olulodwa. Kubheka amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ajwayelekile ezinyangeni ezi-2-3 ezedlule . Akudingeki uzile ukudla ngenxa yalokhu.
- Ake siqonde imiphumela:
- Uma kungaphansi kuka-5.7%: Izinga elijwayelekile
- Uma phakathi kuka-5.7% no-6.4%: I-Prediabetes
- Uma kungu-6.5% noma ngaphezulu (ngezinsuku ezimbili ezahlukene): Isifo sikashukela
Ithebula elingezansi linikeza ukuqonda okucacile kwalezi zivivinyo.
| Igama lokuhlolwa | Okuvamile | I-Prediabetes | Isifo sikashukela |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Glucose ye-Plasma Yokuzila Ukudla (i-FPG) | 99 mg/dL noma ngaphansi | 100 – 125 mg/dL | 126 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu |
| Ukuhlolwa Kokubekezelela I-glucose Yomlomo (OGTT) - Ngemva kwamahora ama-2 | 139 mg/dL noma ngaphansi | 140 – 199 mg/dL | 200 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu |
| I-Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) | Ngaphansi kuka-5.7% | 5.7% – 6.4% | 6.5% noma ngaphezulu |
Ingabe izingane nazo ziyaba nesifo sikashukela?
Yebo, nezingane zingaba nesifo sikashukela. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko.
- Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 1: Yilapho umzimba uyeka ukukhiqiza i-insulin ngokuphelele. Ingakhula kunoma yimuphi ubudala, kodwa ivame kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha. Kumelwe bathathe imijovo ye-insulin nsuku zonke ukuze basinde. Izimpawu zivela ngokuzumayo (njengokoma kakhulu, ukuchama njalo, ukwehla kwesisindo, kanye nokukhathala okukhulu).
- Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 2: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umzimba ukhiqiza i-insulin, kodwa ungakwazi ukuyisebenzisa kahle. Lesi simo sivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuba nesisindo esikhulu noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile . Ezinye izingane zingase zibe naso ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi sitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi noma komchamo okwenziwe ngesinye isizathu.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho isengozini yokuthola isifo sikashukela, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaso. Uma sitholakale kusenesikhathi, isifo sikashukela singavinjelwa ngokwenza izinguquko ekudleni kwakho kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba.
Yini okufanele uyenze ngemva kokuthola ukuthi unesifo sikashukela? Ingabe kufanele wesabe?
Ungesabi. Isifo sikashukela yisimo ongasiphatha kahle futhi uphile impilo enempilo. Isihluthulelo ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho. Nazi ezinye izinto ezingasiza:
1. Ukudla: Yidla ukudla okunempilo. Gwema iziphuzo ezinoshukela (ngaphandle kokuthi udla ukudla okunama-carbohydrate aphansi). Funda ukubala ama-carbohydrate bese udla ngokulinganisela.
2. Ukuzivocavoca:Ukuzivocavoca njalo kuthuthukisa indlela umzimba wakho osebenzisa ngayo i-insulin. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nohlelo lokuzivocavoca olukufanele.
3. Imithi: Thatha imithi oyinikezwe udokotela ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma kukhona inkinga, tshela udokotela ngayo.
4. Ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka kungabangela nokuthi amazinga kashukela egazini akhuphuke. Ngakho-ke gcina ingqondo yakho izolile futhi uhlanganyele entweni oyithandayo.
5. Hlola amazinga kashukela egazini lakho njalo: Udokotela wakho uzokufundisa ukuthi ungawahlola kanjani amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ekhaya. Ungasebenzisa i-glucometer ukuthatha ithonsi elincane legazi emunweni wakho bese uhlola ushukela egazini lakho. Lokhu kuzokusiza wazi ukuthi amazinga kashukela egazini lakho aphezulu (hyperglycemia) noma aphansi (hypoglycemia) futhi kukusize ulawule ukudla kwakho kanye nemithi yakho ngokufanele.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Qaphela izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo sikashukela (ukoma ngokweqile, ukuchama njalo, ukwehla kwesisindo).
- Ungesabi ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-FPG, i-OGTT, kanye ne-HbA1c kungakunikeza ukuqonda okucacile ngesimo sakho.
- Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela, akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, kodwa yisimo esingaphathwa kahle.
- Ungaphila impilo enempilo ngokunakekela ukudla kwakho, ukuzivocavoca, imithi kanye nenhlalakahle yengqondo.
- Uma kwenzeka noma iyiphi inkinga noma ukungabaza, sicela uxhumane nodokotela wakho.
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