Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwakho kwegazi kwakamuva kubonise ukuthi izinga likashukela egazini lakho liphezulu kancane? Kodwa ingabe udokotela uthe awunaso isifo sikashukela okwamanje, kodwa sekuyisikhathi sokuqaphela kakhulu? Uma uke waba nokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo, namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Leso yisigaba esingaphambi kwesifo sikashukela, noma ngokwezokwelapha, i-Prediabetes . Lokhu kufana nesixwayiso, njengesibani esiphuzi esibanini somgwaqo. Kuyithuba lokusixwayisa ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ingozi.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-prediabetes?
Kulula. I-prediabetes yisigaba esiphakathi lapho amazinga kashukela egazini lakho (i-glucose) ephakeme kunokuvamile, kodwa hhayi phezulu ngokwanele ukuthi ibizwe ngokuthi isifo sikashukela (uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela). Akusona isifo ngokwaso, kodwa isibonakaliso esinamandla sesixwayiso esivela emzimbeni wakho. Uma uthatha izinyathelo ezifanele kuleli qophelo, ungavimbela noma ubambezele ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela esigcwele. Yilezo izindaba ezinhle lapha.
Ngokuvamile, izinga likashukela egazini lomuntu ophilile kufanele libe phakathi kuka-70 no-99 (mg/dL). Kodwa-ke, umuntu onesifo sikashukela sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela angaba naleli nani eliphakathi kuka-100 no-125 (mg/dL). Uma lesi simo singaxazululwa, amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela esiphelele aphakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 aphezulu kakhulu.
Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sangaphambi kwesikhathi? Sivame kangakanani?
Yilokhu okudida abantu abaningi. Abantu abaningi ababonisi zimpawu uma benesifo sikashukela sangaphambi kwesikhathi. Yebo, ungase ungazizwa ungakhululekile noma ubuhlungu. Ngenxa yalokhu kuthula, abantu abangaphezu kuka-80% emhlabeni abanesifo sikashukela sangaphambi kwesikhathi abazi.
Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela womndeni wakho njalo futhi uthole ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhambisana nobudala. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ungazibona khona lezi zimo kusenesikhathi.
Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, abanye abantu bangase babe nezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Isikhumba ezindaweni ezifana namakhwapha, ngemuva kwentamo, nasemaceleni omzimba siba mnyama futhi sibe sikhulu, njenge-velvet. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi `(acanthosis nigricans)`.
- Ukuvela kwamaqhubu amancane (amathegi esikhumba) ebusweni besikhumba.
- Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinguquko ekuboneni ziyavela. Lokhu kungaholela kamuva ku-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela, isimo esonakalisa amehlo.
Ungacabangi ukuthi, "Anginazo izinkinga." I-prediabetes ifana nesitha esithule. Ngakho-ke uma unezici eziyingozi, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubona udokotela bese uhlolwa.
Kungani sithola isifo sikashukela sangaphambi kwesikhathi? Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi?
Imbangela eyinhloko ye-prediabetesUkumelana ne-insulin. Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa ngizokuchazela kalula.
Cabanga ngale ndlela: amangqamuzana emizimbeni yethu afana nezindlu. Ushukela (i-glucose) esiwudlayo unikeza lezi zindlu amandla. I-hormone i-insulin iyisihluthulelo esivula iminyango yalezi zindlu futhi sivumele ushukela ungene.
Uma kwenzeka ukumelana ne-insulin, kufana nokuthi izimbobo zokhiye eminyango yalezo zindlu zivalekile. Ngakho-ke, ukhiye obizwa ngokuthi i-insulin awukwazi ukuvula umnyango kahle. Ngemuva kwalokho ushukela awukwazi ukungena emaseli bese uqala ukunqwabelana egazini. Yile ndlela amazinga kashukela egazini akhuphuka ngayo.
Kunezici eziningana ezibangela ukumelana ne-insulin futhi zandisa ingozi ye-prediabetes:
- Izakhi zofuzo: Uma umama wakho, ubaba, noma izingane zakini zinesifo sikashukela, nawe usengozini yokuba nesifo sikashukela esingakafiki ezingeni elifanele.
- Isisindo somzimba esiningi: Ukugcwala kwamafutha, ikakhulukazi eduze kwesisu (isisu esiphumile) kuyimbangela enkulu.
- Ukuntuleka kokuzilolonga: Ukungagcini umzimba usebenza, ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside kakhulu.
- Imikhuba yokudla engafanele: Ukudla njalo ukudla okunoshukela, okunofulawa, okunamafutha, kanye nokudla okucutshungulwe.
- Ubudala: Ingozi iyanda ngemva kweminyaka engu-45.
- Ukubhema.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha:
- Ukuba nesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa).
- I-Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS).
- I-obstructive sleep apnea yisimo esihlobene nokuhona.
- Ezinye izinkinga ze-hormone.
- Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ethile, njenge-steroids.
- Ukucindezeleka kanye nokungalali ngokwanele.
Ezinye zalezi zici eziyingozi (njengobudala kanye nezakhi zofuzo) zingaphezu kwamandla ethu. Kodwa ezinye eziningi (njengokudla, ukuzivocavoca, nokubhema) zingaphansi kwamandla ethu. Uma unezinye zalezi zici eziyingozi, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-prediabetes.
Yini engenzeka uma isifo sikashukela singaphathwa?
Inkinga enkulu nebaluleke kakhulu ye-prediabetes ukuthi ingakhula ibe yisifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Isifo sikashukela yisifo, uma singalawulwa kahle, esingalimaza izitho eziningi zomzimba wethu.
Izinkinga zesikhathi eside zesifo sikashukela zifaka:
- Ingozi eyengeziwe yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi .
- Ukulimala kwamehlo (i-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela): Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukubona kungaphazamiseka futhi kuholele ngisho nasekungabonini.
- Ukulimala kwezinso (i-nephropathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela): Kungaholela ngisho nasekuhlulekeni kwezinso.
- Ukulimala kwemizwa (i-neuropathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela):Kungaba khona ukungazweli, ukusha, nobuhlungu ezithweni zomzimba, futhi ukulimala kungabonakala.
Khumbula, isifo sikashukela sangaphambi kwesikhathi singaguqulwa. Kodwa ukuhlehlisa izinkinga zesifo sikashukela ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu kusenesikhathi futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo kukho konke ukuphila kwakho.
Wazi kanjani ukuthi une-prediabetes?
Ukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe igazi. Udokotela wakho uvame ukuncoma lokhu kuhlolwa. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa.
1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG): Lesi isivivinyo esivame ukusenza ekuseni, ngemva kokungadli lutho (ngemuva kokuzila ukudla cishe amahora angu-8) ukuhlola amazinga kashukela egazini.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C: Lokhu kuhlolwa kunganquma izinga lakho elijwayelekile likashukela egazini ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ezedlule.
Udokotela uzonquma ukuthi ukuphi ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo.
| Ukuhlolwa | Izinga eliphilile | Izinga le-prediabetes | Izinga lesifo sikashukela |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Glucose ye-Plasma Yokuzila Ukudla (i-FPG) | 99 mg/dL noma ngaphansi | 100 - 125 mg/dL | 126 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu |
| Ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C | 5.7% noma ngaphansi | 5.7% - 6.4% | 6.5% noma ngaphezulu |
Izindaba ezinhle kakhulu! I-prediabetes ingaguqulwa. Kanjani?
Yebo, lezi yizindaba ezinhle kakhulu oyoke uzizwe. I-prediabetes akuyona isinqumo sokugcina sokuthi uzoba nesifo sikashukela. Ngokuthatha indlela yokuphila enempilo, ungasiguqula ngokuphelele lesi simo futhi ubuyisele amazinga kashukela egazini lakho esimweni esijwayelekile.
Lokhu akudingeki kube yinto enkulu. Ungaqala ngezinguquko ezincane. Kunezinto ezintathu eziyinhloko okufanele ugxile kuzo.
| Isenzo | Kungani lokho kubalulekile? | Indlela elula yokuqala |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Ukwehlisa isisindo | Isisindo esiningi, ikakhulukazi amafutha esiswini, siyimbangela enkulu yokumelana ne-insulin. Ukunciphisa ngisho nesisindo esincane kwandisa ukuzwela komzimba ku-insulin. | Lwela ukwehlisa isisindo sakho ngo-5% - 7%. Isibonelo, uma unesisindo esingu-80 kg, ukwehlisa isisindo esingu-4-6 kg kuphela kuzokwenza umehluko omkhulu. |
| 2. Vivinya umzimba njalo | Uma uzivocavoca, imisipha yakho isebenzisa ushukela osegazini lakho ukuze ithole amandla. Lokhu kwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini ngokwemvelo. | Hamba ngokushesha uze ujuluke, izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto, okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku. Uma uvilapha kakhulu ukuhamba, ukudansa, ukugibela ibhayisikili, ukubhukuda, noma wenze noma yini oyithandayo. |
| 3. Ukudla okunempilo | Lokho esikudlayo kuthinta ngqo amazinga ethu kashukela egazini. Ukushintshela ekudleni okunomsoco kungasiza ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini. | Esikhundleni setiye neziphuzo ezinoshukela, phuza okuthile okufana namanzi, amanzi kakhukhunathi, noma i-belimal. Nciphisa ukudla okunesitashi njengelayisi, isinkwa, nama-noodle, futhi ufake imifino eminingi, amakhambi, izithelo, amantongomane, nenhlanzi ekudleni kwakho. |
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinto, ezinye izinto ongayenza:
- Uma ubhema, zama ukuyeka ukubhema .
- Thola izindlela zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka . Izinto ezifana nokuzindla nokulalela umculo zingasiza.
- Lala ngokwanele . Udinga amahora angu-7-8 okulala kahle ngosuku.
- Uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma i-cholesterol, zilawule kahle ngokwemiyalelo kadokotela wakho.
Ingabe ikhona imithi ye-prediabetes?
Ezimweni eziningi, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha isifo sikashukela sangaphambi kokukhulelwa ukwenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila esixoxe ngayo ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, njengalapho usengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuba nesifo sikashukela futhi amazinga kashukela egazini lakho kunzima ukuwalawula ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila kuphela, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uqale ukuthatha imithi.
Imithi evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kulokhu yi-`(metformin)` kanye ne-`(acarbose)`. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kunqunywa kuphela udokotela okuxilongayo.
Uzinakekela kanjani uma uphila ne-prediabetes?
Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile futhi wesaba kancane uma uthola ukuthi unesifo sikashukela esingakafiki. Kodwa khumbula, leli yithuba lokushintsha impilo yakho ibe ngcono.
- Zifundise: Funda nge-prediabetes kanye nokudla okunempilo emithonjeni ethembekile. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo.
- Tshela umndeni wakho nabangani bakho ngalokhu: Batshele ngezinguquko ozenzayo. Khona-ke bangakusiza.
- Cabanga nangempilo yakho yengqondo: Ukwenza lezi zinguquko kungaba nzima ngezinye izikhathi. Uma uzizwa ukhungathekile, khuluma ngakho.
- Ukushintsha imikhuba kunzima: Awukwazi ukushintsha yonke into ngobusuku obubodwa. Qala kancane. Zibekele umgomo owodwa ngesikhathi.
- Ngeke ube ophelele ngokuphelele nsuku zonke: Ngezinye izinsuku ngeke ukwazi ukuzivocavoca, ngezinye izinsuku ngeke ukwazi ukulawula ukudla kwakho. Lokho kuvamile. Ungakhathazeki ngakho, zama futhi ngosuku olulandelayo. Into ebalulekile akukhona ukuba ophelele, kodwa ukuzama.
- Ziphathe kahle: Uma usenenkinga yokulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ngemva kokwenza konke lokhu, ungabi nomuzwa wokuthi kuyiphutha lakho. Isifo sikashukela siyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze unqume ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.
Khuluma nodokotela wakho.
Uma unesifo sikashukela sangaphambi kwesikhathi noma usengozini yaso, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho njalo ukuze uthole iseluleko. Ungase ukuthole kuwusizo ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:
1. Ngingayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yami yokuba nesifo sikashukela esingakafiki ezingeni elifanele kanye nesifo sikashukela?
2. Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sikashukela?
3. Siyini isisindo esinempilo sokuphakama kwami?
4. Yiziphi izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokunciphisa isisindo?
5. Kufanele ngenze ukuzivocavoca okungakanani? Uhlobo luni lokuzivocavoca olungilungele?
6. Yiziphi izinguquko okudingeka ngizenze ekudleni kwami?
7. Ingabe kufanele ngibone isazi sokudla okunempilo?
8. Ingabe kukhona amaqembu noma izinhlelo engingajoyina ukuze ngithole usizo?
Uma kukhulunywa ngesifo sikashukela sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela, ulwazi lungamandla . Ukwazi ukuthi unalesi simo nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze usishintshe kungamandla. Akudingeki udlule kulolu hambo wedwa. Udokotela wakho kanye nethimba lakho lezempilo bahlala bekhona ukukusiza.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-prediabetes iyisibani esiphuzi endleleni eya kwisifo sikashukela. Kuyisixwayiso, hhayi isinqumo sokugcina.
- Esikhathini esiningi, azikho izimpawu. Ngakho-ke, uma unezici eziyingozi, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe njalo ngudokotela.
- I-prediabetes ingasuswa ngokuphelele ngokudla okunempilo, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, kanye nokulawula isisindo.
- Ukungayinaki lesi sixwayiso kungaholela kusifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu ezifana nesifo senhliziyo nesifo sezinso.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile. Thola isiqondiso nokusekelwa okudingayo kulolu hambo.
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