Ingabe nawe uceliwe ukuthi wenze isivivinyo se-Echo? Ake sithole ngalokhu kalula! (I-Echocardiogram)

Ingabe udokotela wakho ukutshelile ukuthi wenze 'ukuhlolwa kwe-Echo'? Kungenzeka ukuthi uzizwe wesaba kancane lapho ethi, 'O, lokhu kuzokwenzenjani, angazi ukuthi kuyinkinga enkulu yini.' Kodwa asikho ngempela isizathu sokwesaba. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okulula kakhulu, okuvamile okungenabuhlungu. Ukuze sibe neqiniso, kufana nokuskena okubheka ingane esiswini sikamama okhulelwe. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalesi sivivinyo se-Echo, noma i-Echocardiogram, ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda.

Kalula nje, iyini i-Echocardiogram?

I-echocardiogram ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo yakho nge-ultrasound. Abanye abantu bayibiza nangokuthi 'i-echo', 'i-heart echo', noma 'i-cardiac ultrasound'. Isebenzisa amaza omsindo avame kakhulu ukudala uchungechunge lwezithombe ezihambayo zenhliziyo yakho njengoba ishaya. Ngokubheka lezi zithombe, udokotela wakho angathola umbono ongcono wokuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kanjani, isakhiwo sayo, nokuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani kuyo.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kungahlola izinto eziningi, njengokuthi inhliziyo ihambisa igazi kahle kangakanani, ukuthi ama-valve enhliziyo asebenza kahle yini, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini izinkinga ngemisipha yenhliziyo. Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani odokotela bengase ba-ode lokhu kuhlolwa.

• Thola imbangela yezimpawu zakho: Ake sithi unesifo esifubeni, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukukhathala njalo, noma imilenze evuvukele. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuzosiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi imbangela iyinkinga yenhliziyo.
• Qinisekisa isifo: Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase asole isifo ngemva kokukuhlola. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kungaqinisekisa lokho kusola.
• Hlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo: Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi inhliziyo ishaya kahle kangakanani nokuthi ingabe ibuthakathaka yini.
• Gada isimo esivele sikhona: Uma usuvele unesifo se-valve yenhliziyo, lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa njalo ukuze kubonakale ukuthi siyashintsha noma siya siba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Lungiselela ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo: Lokhu kuhlolwa kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale ngokunembile isimo senhliziyo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
• Hlola imiphumela ngemva kokuhlinzwa: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa futhi ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kuphumelele yini nokuthi ukusebenza kwenhliziyo kuthuthukile yini.

Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kuwukuhlolwa okungahlaseli . Lokho kusho ukuthi akukho lutho olufakwa emzimbeni. Kodwa kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, kunezinhlobo ezikhethekile ze-echo ezihilela ukufaka idivayisi encane emzimbeni. Ake sibheke nalokho futhi.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwe-echo?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-echo udokotela wakho angase azinikeze kuye ngezidingo zakho. Ake sibheke izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu.

Lo mshini we-Echo usebenza kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-echo kusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasound. Idivayisi encane ebizwa ngokuthi i-transducer (njengemakrofoni encane) ifakwa esifubeni sakho bese ithumela amaza omsindo enhliziyweni yakho. Lawa maza omsindo agxuma ezingxenyeni zenhliziyo yakho bese egxuma (echoes). I-transducer iqoqa lawa maza abuyayo bese iwathumela kukhompyutha.

Bese, isofthiwe yekhompyutha isebenzisa le datha ukudala isithombe esithinta inhliziyo. Lokhu kufana nevidiyo, ukuze udokotela akwazi ukubuka inhliziyo ishaya kanye nama-valve evuleka futhi evalwa bukhoma.

Ngaphezu kwale ndlela eyisisekelo, kunezindlela eziningana ezikhethekile ezisetshenziswa ukuthola imininingwane eyengeziwe:

• I-Doppler ultrasound: Lokhu kubheka isivinini kanye nesiqondiso sokugeleza kwegazi. Njengoba nje i-radar ethi `Doppler' esetshenziswa emibikweni yesimo sezulu ikhombisa ukunyakaza kwamafu, lokhu kukhombisa ukunyakaza kwegazi ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ukuthi igazi liyavuza yini ngama-valve enhliziyo noma ukuthi avinjiwe.
• I-ultrasound enezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D): Lesi isithombe senhliziyo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D), kunokuba kube ukuskena okuvamile kwe-2D. Lokhu kunikeza udokotela isithombe esinembile ngesimo senhliziyo kanye nomsebenzi wayo.
• Ukuthwebula izithombe ezibonisa umehluko: Ngezinye izikhathi, uma izingxenye zenhliziyo zingabonakali kahle, kufakwa uketshezi olukhethekile ('udayi obonisa umehluko') emthanjeni wakho. Uma lolu ketshezi lungena enhliziyweni, ingaphakathi lenhliziyo liba sobala kakhulu ezithombeni eziskeniwe.

Kufanele ngilungiselele kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?

Kuye ngohlobo lwe-ultrasound onayo, ukulungiselela okudingeka ukwenze kungahluka kancane. Udokotela wakho noma isibhedlela bazokunikeza imiyalelo ngalokhu. Ngokuvamile, bazosho izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Gwema ikhofi, itiye, utshwala, ugwayi, mhlawumbe ngisho nokudla amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
• Ungase ucelwe ukuthi uyeke okwesikhashana ukuphuza imithi ethile, kodwa ungalokothi uyeke ukuphuza imithi yakho ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
• Uma uzizwa ucindezelekile, gqoka izingubo nezicathulo zokuzivocavoca ezikhululekile.
• Uma wenza i-TEE (ukuhlolwa kwe-throat swab), uzonikezwa umuthi wokudambisa umphimbo, ngakho kuzodingeka ulethe umuntu ozokuthatha akuyise ekhaya ngemva kokuhlolwa. Ngeke ukwazi ukushayela ngalolo suku.

Esikhathini esiningi, ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, kufanele ukhumule izingubo zakho kusukela okhalweni kuya phansi bese ugqoka ingubo enikezwe yisibhedlela.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngudokotela wenhliziyo oqeqeshwe ngezifo zenhliziyo. Ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu engama-40 kuya kwengama-60. I-TEE ingathatha imizuzu engama-90.

1. Kulula ukukuthola:Ngesikhathi se-TTE, uzolaliswa embhedeni. Ngesikhathi se-TEE, uzonikezwa uketshezi oluqeda izinhlungu ukuze ubambe umphimbo wakho futhi uthobe. Ngesikhathi se-stress echo, uzobekwa ku-treadmill. Ijeli ingasetshenziswa esifubeni sakho ukusiza amaza omsindo angene kangcono.

2. Kuxhunywe kwi-monitor ye-EKG: Kubekwa izitikha ezimbalwa ezincane (ama-electrode) esifubeni sakho, eziqapha izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kulo lonke ukuhlolwa.

3. Ukuthatha izithombe zenhliziyo: Idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-'transducer' ibekwa esifubeni sakho bese ishukunyiswa kancane ukuze ithathe izithombe zenhliziyo.

4. Bakutshela ukuthi ushintshe indlela ophefumula ngayo: Ngezinye izikhathi uzotshelwa ukuthi ubambe umoya wakho isikhashana, noma ujike kwesobunxele. Thola lezo zithombe ezinhle kakhulu.

Uma izithombe sezithathwe ngokwanele, ukuhlolwa kuyaphela. Ungabe usugqoka izingubo zakho futhi.

Ingabe kukhona izingozi kulokhu?

I-TTE ejwayelekile (i-thoracic echocardiogram) iphephile kakhulu . Ayinazo izingozi ezaziwayo.

Ezinye izinhlobo zingase zibe nezingozi ezincane kakhulu.

• Ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka , izimpawu zakho (ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya) zingase zivele. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela.
• Kungase kube nomphimbo obuhlungu kancane izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe -TEE .
• Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi umuntu abe nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba nodayi wokungafani .

Udokotela wakho uzochaza konke lokhu kuwe ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Yiziphi izinto ezingatholakala embikweni we-Echo?

I-echocardiogram ingakunikeza ulwazi oluningi mayelana nesakhiwo kanye nokusebenza kwenhliziyo. Uma umbiko wakho ujwayelekile, kusho ukuthi azikho izinkinga ezinkulu ngesakhiwo kanye nokusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho. Ingaphinde ibone izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene ezingadinga ukwelashwa.

• Amahlule egazi: Amahlule egazi akheka ngaphakathi kwamakamelo enhliziyo.
• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso: Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okukhona lapho kuzalwa.
• I-Cardiomyopathy: Izifo ezithinta imisipha yenhliziyo.
• Izimila zenhliziyo: Izimila ezinomdlavuza noma ezingengozi ezakheka enhliziyweni.
• I-endocarditis ethelelanayo: Ukutheleleka okuyingozi kwama-valve enhliziyo.
• I-Pericarditis: Ukuvuvukala kwe-membrane evikelayo ezungeze inhliziyo.
• I-Thoracic aortic aneurysm: Ukuvuvukala engxenyeni yesifuba yomthambo wegazi oyinhloko osuka enhliziyweni.
• Isifo sama-valve: Izinkinga lapho ama-valve enhliziyo engavuli noma engavali kahle.