Ngezinye izikhathi lapho udokotela ekunikeza umuthi oyinkimbinkimbi kancane esingakaze sizwe ngawo, siyasaba kancane futhi sesabe, akunjalo? Imibuzo eminingi efana nokuthi "Umuthi muni lo? Kuzokwenzekani ngalokhu? Ingabe kuzoba nemiphumela emibi?" ifika engqondweni. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngomuthi wokugomela i-Elapegademase, abantu abaningi abangakaze bawuzwe, kodwa umuthi obaluleke kakhulu, ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.
Kuyini i-Elapegademase?
Kalula nje, i-Elapegademase iwumuthi wokugomela owelapha isifo esingavamile kakhulu sofuzo. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Adenosine Deaminase (ADA Deficiency) . Leli gama liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, ngakho ake silibheke ngendlela elula.
Ake sithi imizimba yethu iyifektri enkulu. Ukuze konke kusebenze kahle kule fektri, kumele kube nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezisebenzi. Ama-enzyme ayizisebenzi ezincane ezisebenza emizimbeni yethu. I-enzyme ngayinye inomsebenzi wayo othize.
I-Adenosine Deaminase ingenye ye-enzyme ekhethekile. Umsebenzi wayo ukuphula ikhemikhali engafuneki (i-deoxyadenosine) ekhiqizwa emaseli ethu bese iyisusa emzimbeni.
Manje, abanye abantu bazalwa benokuntuleka kwale enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-adenosine deaminase, noma bakhiqiza okuncane kakhulu kwayo. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukuntuleka kwe-ADA. Uma le enzyme ingekho, lelo khemikhali elingafuneki liqala ukwakheka emzimbeni. Lesi sici sinobuthi kakhulu kumaseli alwa (ama-lymphocyte) ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba . Ngenxa yalokho, lawo maseli ayabhujiswa, futhi uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba luba buthakathaka kakhulu.
Lesi simiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka kakhulu sibizwa ngokuthi i-Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) . Umuntu onalesi simo usengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngamagciwane.
Ngakho-ke, lokho okwenziwa umuthi wokugomela i-Elapegademase ukunikeza i-enzyme engekho ebizwa ngokuthi i-adenosine deaminase ngaphandle komzimba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Enzyme Replacement Therapy . Uma lo muthi wokugomela unikezwa, izinto ezinobuthi eziqoqana emzimbeni ziyaqhekeka, umonakalo kumaseli omzimba uyaphela, futhi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela siqala ukuqina futhi. Lokhu kwenza umzimba ukwazi ukulwa nezifo.
Izinto okudingeka uzitshele udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha lo muthi
Ngaphambi kokuqala lo muthi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza udokotela wakho incazelo ephelele yesimo sakho sempilo. Ikakhulukazi okulandelayo kufanele kukhulunywe ngakho.
| Isimo okudingeka usibike | Kungani lokho kubalulekile? |
|---|---|
| Isimo samanje esithathelwanayo (njengomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane) | Kungabaluleka ukulawula izifo ezikhona ngaphambi kokuqala imithi. |
| Amazinga e-platelet anciphile | Lo muthi ungathinta ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ngakho udokotela kufanele aqaphele noma yiziphi izimo ezikhona. |
| Ukungezwani komzimba ne-elapegamide noma eminye imithi, ukudla, noma udayi | Lokhu kubalulekile ukuhlola ingozi yokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani nomuthi. |
| Uma ukhulelwe noma uzama ukukhulelwa | Kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho ngemiphumela engaba khona enganeni esibelethweni. |
| Uma umntwana enceliswa ibele | Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngokuthi umuthi udlulela enganeni ngobisi lwebele nokuthi uzoba nomthelela yini. |
Uyisebenzisa kanjani le mithi ngendlela efanele?
Lomuthi unikezwa njengomjovo we-intramuscular . Lomuthi uvame ukunikezwa yithimba lezokwelapha esibhedlela noma emtholampilo. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ukuze kube lula kwesiguli, kungenzeka futhi ukuthola lo mjovo ekhaya.
Uma kufanele ugonywe ekhaya...
Ungakhathazeki. Abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe bobuhlengikazi esibhedlela bazokukhombisa ngokucacile, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu ekhaya.
- Indlela yokulungisa umuthi.
- Kuyindawo enhle yokugonywa.
- Kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokugonywa.
- Indlela yokulahla ngokuphephile amasirinji nezinaliti ezisetshenzisiwe.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ungalokothi ulahle izinaliti ezisetshenzisiwe kanye namasirinji kudoti ojwayelekile. Kufanele zifakwe esitsheni sepulasitiki esikhethekile nesibanzi (isitsha esibukhali)**. Uma ungenayo, buza udokotela wakho noma isibhedlela ngayo.
Ingabe ninikeza izingane lo muthi?
Yebo, lo muthi unikezwa izingane ngoba ukuntuleka kwe-ADA kuvame ukutholakala zisencane. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yezokwelapha ngokucophelela, njengoba kunezimfuneko ezikhethekile lapho kunikezwa lo muthi ezinganeni ezincane.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma uthatha umuthi omningi kakhulu?
Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthathe okungaphezu komthamo onqunyiwe, shayela ngokushesha i-National Poisons Information Centre e-Colombo National Hospital , noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma uphuthelwa umthamo wemithi?
- Uma uthola imithi yakho esibhedlela noma emtholampilo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungaphuthelwa yi-aphoyintimenti yakho ehleliwe. Uma ngesizathu esithile ungakwazi ukuya ngosuku lwakho oluhleliwe, shayela isibhedlela ngokushesha ubazise.
- Uma uphuza umuthi ekhaya: Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, thatha ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma sekuyisikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo, yeqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uthatha umthamo wakho olandelayo ngesikhathi esihleliwe. Ungalokothi uthathe umthamo ophindwe kabili.
Ingabe lo muthi uyasebenzisana nezinye izinto? (Ukusebenzisana)
Akukafundwa kabanzi ukuthi eminye imithi, imikhiqizo yamakhambi, noma izithasiselo zihlangana kanjani nalo muthi.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunikeza udokotela wakho uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke izidakamizwa ozithathayo (kufaka phakathi imithi yezinye izimo, amavithamini, imithi yamakhambi, kanye nezithasiselo). Kubalulekile futhi ukutshela udokotela wakho uma ubhema noma uphuza utshwala.
Izinto okufanele uziqaphele uma usebenzisa umuthi
Udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga njalo ngesikhathi uthola lokhu kwelashwa.
- Yiya emitholampilo ehleliwe: Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze ubone ukuthi imithi ithinta kanjani umzimba wakho nokuthi izimpawu zakho ziyancipha yini.
- Umsebenzi wegazi: Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo ukuze ahlole ukusebenza kwesimiso sakho somzimba kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemithi yakho. Ungaziyeki.
- Qaphela izimpawu: Uma kukhona ushintsho ezimpawini zakho (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luhle noma lubi kangakanani), tshela udokotela wakho ngakho.
Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, lo muthi ungabangela imiphumela emibi kwabanye abantu, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu oyitholayo.
| Uhlobo lomphumela ongemuhle | Izici |
|---|---|
| Uma unalezi zimpawu, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha. | |
| Ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba |
|
| Tshela udokotela wakho uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, ezivamile, eziqhubekayo, noma ezikhathazayo: | |
| Ukukhwehlela | Ukukhwehlela okusha okuqhubekayo. |
| Ukuhlanza | Ukucanuzela noma ukuhlanza ngemva kokuthatha umuthi. |
| Ukusabela kwendawo yomjovo | Ubomvu, ubuhlungu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova. |
Lolu hlu aluhlanganisi yonke imiphumela emibi engaba khona. Uma ubona noma yini engavamile ngaphezu kwale, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
Ungawugcina kanjani umuthi?
- Gcina esiqandisini: Gcina lo muthi engxenyeni evamile yesiqandisini. Ungalokothi uwugcine esiqandisini.
- Gcina kude nezingane: Gcina kude nezingane ezincane nezilwane ezifuywayo.
- Gcina ephaketheni lokuqala: Kungcono ukugcina umuthi ephaketheni lawo lokuqala ukuze uwuvikele ekukhanyeni.
- Lahla imithi ephelelwe yisikhathi: Ungasebenzisi imithi ngemva kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Cela udokotela wakho iseluleko sendlela yokulahla imithi ephelelwe yisikhathi noma engasadingeki ngokuphepha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Elapegademase iyindlela yokwelapha esikhundleni sama-enzyme eqinisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, esibuthakathaka yisimo esingavamile sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi ukuntuleka kwe-ADA.
- Ngaphambi kokuqala lokhu kwelashwa, tshela udokotela wakho ngokuphelele ngazo zonke izimo zakho zezokwelapha, ukungezwani komzimba, kanye neminye imithi oyithathayo.
- Landela uhlelo olubekiwe lokuphuza umuthi ngqo. Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinkulu zokungezwani komzimba njengokuvuvukala kobuso noma izindebe, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Gcina umuthi ngokuphephile esiqandisini (hhayi esiqandisini) kude nezingane.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngalo muthi, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngawo.
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