Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-Lymphatic Filariasis / Elephantiasis.

Wake wezwa ngesifo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-elephant foot" noma "i-barawa"? Kumelwe ukuthi uke wabona izandla nezinyawo zabanye abantu zivuvukala ngendlela engavamile, isikhumba siyaqina, futhi ngezinye izikhathi size siguge, akunjalo? Empeleni lesi yisifo esithathelwanayo esidluliselwa omiyane abathinta uhlelo lwethu lwe-lymphatic. Akukho okufanele sikwesabe, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kalula nje.

Kuyini lokhu kunyathelwa kwendlovu? Kalula nje...

I-Elephantiasis, noma ngokwezokwelapha, i-Lymphatic Filariasis, ibangelwa izimpethu ezincane ezidla izitho zomzimba (izimpethu ze-filarial) ezingena ohlelweni lwethu lwe-lymphatic bese ziphazamisa ukusebenza kwazo. Lezi zimpethu zincane kakhulu, njengezinwele, futhi zingabonakala kuphela nge-microscope.

Cabanga ukuthi umzimba wethu unesimiso esikhethekile esisusa imfucuza futhi sisize ekulweni nomzimba, okuyisistimu ye-lymphatic. Lolu hlelo luqukethe uketshezi olubizwa ngokuthi i-lymph olugeleza nge-lymphatic capillaries. Lapho izimpethu engizishilo zivimba la ma-lymphatic capillaries, uketshezi aluhambi kahle bese lubhajwa endaweni eyodwa. Yilapho kuvela khona izimpawu ezifana nokuvuvukala nokuqina kwesikhumba . Ngezinye izikhathi lapho lesi simo siba sibi kakhulu, sivuvukala njengomlenze wendlovu, yingakho sibizwa ngokuthi "unyawo lwendlovu."

Sisakazeke kangakanani lesi sifo emhlabeni?

Njengamanje, cishe u-1.5% wabantu bomhlaba, noma abantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezingu-120, bahlushwa yilesi sifo. Sivame kakhulu emazweni ashisayo nashisayo . Amazwe afana ne-Asia, i-Afrika, neNingizimu Melika aneziguli eziningi kakhulu. Njengoba iSri Lanka yethu nayo iyizwe elishisayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhathazeka ngalokhu.

Kodwa khumbula into eyodwa, amathuba okuthola lesi sifo ngoba nje ube ohambweni olufushane oluya ezweni elinjalo mancane kakhulu. Ukuze uthole lesi sifo, kufanele ube sendaweni lapho lesi sifo sivame khona izinyanga, mhlawumbe ngisho neminyaka, futhi ubhekane nokulunywa omiyane njalo.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo iBarawa?

Esikhathini esiningi, akubona bonke abantu abangenwe yisifo iBara abazoba nezimpawu ezinzima. Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu kungenzeka zingabi nezimpawu ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo sivame ukwenza buthaka amasosha omzimba.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuvuvukala: Lesi yisimo esenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba eba matasa kakhulu.
• I-Lymphedema: Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ukuqongelela koketshezi ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic.
• I-Hydrocele: Ukuvuvukala kwama-testicles emadodeni.
• Ukuvuvuka: Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ukunqwabelana koketshezi ezicutshini ezahlukene zomzimba.

Lezi zimpawu ezifana nokuvuvukala zingathinta izindawo ezilandelayo zomzimba:

• Izandla
• Imilenze
• Isifuba
• Amasende
• Ubulili besilisa
• Indawo ezungeze isitho sangasese sowesifazane (i-vulva)
• Ubuso (okungavamile)

Kungani lesi sisindo sikhula? Iyini imbangela?

Kalula nje, i-filariasis ibangelwa ukutheleleka okubangelwa yizinambuzane okubizwa ngokuthi i-filariasis. Ibangelwa uhlobo lwe-roundworm. Izimpethu zincane kakhulu kangangokuthi azibonakali ngeso lenyama . Uma zibukwa nge-microscope, lezi zimpethu zibukeka njengezintambo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezimpethu ze-filarial:

• I-Wuchereria bancrofti: Lolu hlobo lwesibungu lubangela izifo ezingu-9 kwezingu-10.
• Brugia malayi: Lesi yimbangela yezifo eziningi ezisele.
• I-Brugia timori: Lolu hlobo lungabangela nokutheleleka.

Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kanjani?

Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Umalaleveva udluliselwa omiyane. Cabanga nje, umiyane uluma umuntu oneMalaleveva. Bese kuthi izimpethu ze-filarial (microfilariae) egazini lalowo muntu zingene emzimbeni womiyane. Bese kuthi, lapho lowo miyane onegciwane uluma omunye umuntu ophilile, lezo zimpethu zingene egazini lomunye umuntu.

Ngokuvamile, ukulunywa umiyane kanye akusibangeli lesi sifo. Ukuze ube nalesi sifo, udinga ukuhlala ubhekene nokulunywa omiyane abanegciwane izinyanga eziningana, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho neminyaka.

Uma lezi zibungu zingena egazini lakho, ziya ngqo ohlelweni lwakho lwe-lymphatic. Yilapho zikhula khona futhi zibe yizibungu. Lezi zibungu zingaphila emzimbeni wakho iminyaka efinyelela kwengu-7. Bese ziyanda futhi zikhiphe izigidi zezibungu (ama-microfilariae) ezengeziwe egazini lakho.

Okubalulekile: La ma-microfilariae avame ukujikeleza egazini ebusuku. Yingakho kudingeka kuthathwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi ebusuku.

Yiziphi izinkinga zesifo iBarawa?

Uma uhlelo lwakho lwe-lymphatic lonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhono lomzimba wakho lokulwa nezifo liyancipha. Lokhu kuncipha kokuzivikela komzimba kungaholela ezimweni ezifana nalezi:

• Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane okuvamile. Ngezinye izikhathi isikhumba siyaqhekeka noma silimale, okuvumela ukutheleleka ukuthi kungene.
• Ukujiya kwesikhumba kanye nokugcinwa koketshezi, okubangela ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, kanye nokukhula kwezingxenye zomzimba .
• I-Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome: Lesi yisimo lapho inani lama-eosinophil, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi, likhula khona. Lokhu kungabangela ukukhwehlela nobunzima bokuphefumula.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuxilongwa?

Ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi unesifo seBara, udokotela kuzodingeka ahlole isampula yegazi lakho. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-microscopic: Isampula yakho yegazi ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kuzobheka izimpethu ze-filarial egazini. Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, lezi zimpethu zisebenza ebusuku egazini. Ngakho-ke, kungadingeka unikele ngegazi ebusuku.
• Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody:Isampula yegazi lakho ihlolwa ama-antibodies. Ama-antibodies ayizinto ezenziwa ngumzimba wakho ukuphendula ukutheleleka. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa emini.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha isifo iBarawa?

Uhlelo lokwelashwa olutholayo luzoncika ekutheni yiziphi izimpawu onazo nokuthi zimbi kangakanani. Isifo se-Bara sivame ukuphathwa kanje:

• Imithi yokulwa nezibungu: Unganikwa imithi efana ne -ivermectin (Stromectol®), i-diethylcarbamazine (Hetrazan®), noma i-albendazole (Albenza®) . Le mithi ibulala izikelemu egazini lakho noma izivimbele ukuthi zingaphindaphindeki. Ukuthatha le mithi kungakuvimbela futhi ekudluliseleni lesi sifo kwabanye. Kodwa-ke, ngoba izikelemu zingase zisesemzimbeni wakho, kuzodingeka uthathe le mithi kanye ngonyaka amasonto ambalwa .
• Ukuhlinzwa: Kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe izimpethu ezifile egazini lakho. Uma i-filariasis ibangele i-hydrocele (ukuvuvukala kwamasende), kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe uketshezi oluqongelelekile.
• Ukuphathwa kwe-Elephantiasis: Udokotela wakho angase ancome izindlela zokusiza ukulawula ukuvuvukala, njengokuphakamisa ingalo noma umlenze ovuvukile, noma ukusebenzisa izingubo zokucindezela.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Uma uthatha imithi yokwelapha umalaleveva, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuseduze kukadokotela , njengoba le mithi yokulwa nezibungu ingadala imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Isibonelo:

• Isiyezi
• Imfiva
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha noma amalunga
• Isicanucanu

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha ngqo.

Ingabe lesi sifo singalapheka ngokuphelele?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-tapeworm. Imithi ingabulala iningi lezikelemu futhi ikuvimbele ekudluliseleni lesi sifo kwabanye. Ukwelashwa kunganciphisa nezimpawu zakho.

Kwenzekani uma uthola lesi sifo? Uyini umthelela emphakathini?

Abantu abane-rheumatoid arthritis ngezinye izikhathi babhekana nemiphumela emibi emphakathini . Ikakhulukazi uma benezimpawu ezinkulu nezibonakalayo, njengokuvuvukala kakhulu kwezitho zomzimba, bangase bazizwe behlukanisiwe emphakathini futhi benamahloni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuvukala okungapheli noma ubuhlungu kungathinta ikhono lomuntu lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke nokubamba umsebenzi.

Kodwa khumbula, nakuba kungekho ikhambi eliphelele lesifo iBara, ungasilawula lesi sifo, unciphise izimpawu, futhi uphile impilo evamile. Okudingeka ukwenze nje ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha esifanele nokunakekela impilo yakho.

Lesi sifo singavinjelwa kanjani?

Yini engenziwa ukuvimbela isifo iBarawa?Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ekulunyweni omiyane ukugwema lokho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo. Uma uhlala endaweni lapho usengozini yokulunywa omiyane, noma uma uya kwenye, landela lezi zinyathelo ukuze ugweme ukulunywa omiyane:

• Lala ngaphansi kwenethi yomiyane.
• Faka umuthi wokuxosha izinambuzane esikhumbeni esiveziwe, ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
• Gqoka amabhulukwe amade nezingubo ezinemikhono emide.
• Gcina ingadi yakho nendawo ezungezile ihlanzekile. Susa izindawo zokuzalela omiyane (amathayi, amagobolondo kakhukhunathi, amathini, njll.)

I-World Health Organization (WHO) itusa ukuthi ezindaweni lapho i-malaria ivame khona, umphakathi wonke unikezwe i-chemotherapy yokuvimbela . Ngale ndlela, abantu abasengozini yokutheleleka banikezwa umthamo oqondile wemithi kanye ngonyaka. Nakuba le mithi ingenawo umthelela omkhulu ezimpethu ezindala, iyavimbela izimpethu ezincane ukuthi zande. Iphinde ivimbele amagciwane ukuthi adluliselwe komiyane.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma uvuvukala noma uqina isikhumba ngendlela engachazeki – ikakhulukazi ezingalweni zakho, emilenzeni, emabeleni, emasendeni, noma endaweni yesitho sangasese sowesifazane – qiniseka ukuthi wazisa udokotela. Udokotela angenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa noma akuvumeli.

Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma uya kudokotela, ungabuza nemibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe lesi simo engikuso sibangelwa kakhulu isisindo sami?
• Ngingabhekana kanjani nezimpawu ezihlobene nokukhula kwesisindo?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa ongincomayo?
• Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
• Angakanani amathuba okuthi ukutheleleka kuphinde kuvele ngemva kokwelashwa?
• Ngingazivikela kanjani esifweni saseBarawa?

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ze-lymphedema?

Ngisho noma umuthi ubulala izimpethu ze-filarial, ungase ube nesimo sokuvuvukala esibizwa ngokuthi i-lymphedema. Ungenza lezi zinto ukulawula lezi zimpawu zokuvuvukala:

• Hlanza amagciwane futhi umboze noma yimaphi amanxeba kahle.
• Phakamisa izingalo noma imilenze evuvukile.
• Khulisa izinga lomsebenzi wakho (lokhu kukhuthaza ukugeleza kwe-lymph).
• Geza futhi womise izindawo ezivuvukele zomzimba wakho nsuku zonke.
• Nciphisa ingozi yokuwa nokulimala ngokugqoka izicathulo ezifanela kahle.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Umalaleveva yisifo esivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo lapho kuvame khona izibungu ze-filarial. Ngokuvamile, umuntu udinga ukulunywa ngomiyane abangenwe yilesi sifo ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo sivame ukuthelelana nabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezisengozini enkulu.Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi abahambi besikhashana baphelelwe yithemba.

Kodwa-ke, uma uba nezimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kungaqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo esibangelwa yizinambuzane. Ungesabi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwaziswa nokuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo.

I- Barawa, i-Elephantiasis, i-Lymphatic Filariasis, i-Elephantiasis, Isifo Somiyane, Uhlelo Lwe-Lymphatic, i-Filariasis