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Okudingeka ukwazi ngephilisi lesifo sikashukela i-Trijardy XR (i-Empagliflozin; i-Linagliptin; i-Metformin)

Okudingeka ukwazi ngephilisi lesifo sikashukela i-Trijardy XR (i-Empagliflozin; i-Linagliptin; i-Metformin)

Uma unesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukunike iphilisi elenziwe ngemithi engaphezu kweyodwa. I-Trijardy XR ingenye yamaphilisi anjalo, inhlanganisela ekhethekile yemithi emithathu esiza ukulawula isifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalo muthi, ukuthi wenzani, nokuthi yini okudingeka uyiqaphele ngenkathi uwusebenzisa.

Kalula nje, kwenzekani ngalo muthi?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zalo muthi: i-Empagliflozin, i-Linagliptin, ne-Metformin . Zonke lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zisebenza ndawonye ukwenza izinto eziningana emzimbeni wakho.

  • Kunciphisa amazinga kashukela egazini.
  • Kwabanye abantu, lokhu kusiza futhi ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi esingabangelwa yisifo sikashukela.

Kodwa khumbula, ukuthatha lo muthi kuphela akwanele. Ukudla okuhle kanye nokuzivocavoca nakho kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zalolu hlobo lokwelashwa. Lo muthi unikezwa kuphela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, awufanele abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.

Izinto okufanele uzitshele udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala imithi

Ngaphambi kokukunikeza lo muthi, udokotela wakho kuzodingeka azi umlando wakho wezempilo ophelele. Uma unezinye zezimo ezibalwe ngezansi, qiniseka ukuthi uyamtshela udokotela wakho . Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni kwakho.

Uhlobo lolwazi Izimo okufanele uziqaphele
Izimo zezokwelapha ezikhona Isifo sezinso, isifo sesibindi, isifo senhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, i-cholesterol ephezulu, umfutho wegazi ophansi, i-anemia, i-pancreatitis, izifo zomgudu womchamo, i-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), i-diabetesic ketoacidosis.
Izindaba ezihlobene nendlela yokuphila Uma uphuza utshwala njalo, ulandela ukudla okunosawoti omncane, udla ukudla okuncishisiwe ngenxa yokuhlinzwa, ukugula, noma ezinye izizathu, noma uma umzimba wakho uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni.
Ukungezwani komzimba nokukhulelwa Uma une-allergy kulo muthi noma kunoma yimuphi omunye umuthi noma ukudla. Uma uke waba nobunzima bokuphefumula ngenxa yokuvuvukala kolimi, ubuso, noma izindebe. Uma ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, noma uncelisa.
Amanye amaphuzu akhethekile Uma usebenzisa i-hemodialysis, unenkinga yokuchama, unesifo esibi noma inxeba, noma ungasokile.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani imithi ngendlela efanele?

  • Thatha lo muthi kanye nesidlo sasekuseni nengilazi yamanzi.
  • Yithathe njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele, ngesikhathi esifanele. Ungathathi okungaphezu kwalokho udokotela akutshele kona.
  • Ungaliphuli, ulichoboze, noma ulihlafune leli philisi. Ligwinye lonke. Ngenxa yokuthi leli philisi le-Extended-Release (XR), lenzelwe ukukhipha umuthi emzimbeni amahora amaningana. Uma uliphula, lelo nqubo lizolahleka.
  • Ungayeki ukuthatha imithi yakho ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
  • Ungase ubone into efana nephilisi lonke liphuma nendle yakho. Lokhu kuvamile, ungakhathazeki. Yigobolondo elingenalutho elisalayo ngemva kokuba umuthi osephilisini umuncwe emzimbeni wakho.

Kuthiwani uma umthamo ukhuphuka?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthathe umuthi omningi kakhulu, shayela ngokushesha iNational Poisons Information Centre eColombo National Hospital , noma uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze.

Kuthiwani uma ngikhohlwa ukuphuza umuthi wami?

Uma ukhohlwa ukuthatha umthamo, thatha ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula. Kodwa uma sekuyisikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo, yeqa umthamo ongawutholanga bese uthatha umthamo olandelayo ngesikhathi esihleliwe. Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Eminye imithi engase ihlangane nalo muthi

Eminye imithi oyithathayo ingase ihlangane nalo muthi, ngakho tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo (kufaka phakathi amavithamini nemikhiqizo yamakhambi) .

Qaphela kakhulu: Kuyingozi kakhulu ukuthatha lo muthi ngemithi ethile ehlukanisayo, njengeDofetilide neGatifloxacin, efakwa emzimbeni ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okufana ne-X-ray, i-CT scans, kanye ne-MRIs.

Imithi engezansi ingase ihlangane nalo muthi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela wakho uma uthatha noma yikuphi kwalokhu.

Isigaba sezidakamizwa Izibonelo
Eminye imithi yokwelapha umfutho wegazi kanye nesifo senhliziyo Ama-diuretics (imithi ebangela ukwanda kokuchama), i-Digoxin, i-Ranolazine
Eminye imithi yokwelapha ukuquleka I-Carbamazepine, i-Phenobarbital, i-Phenytoin, i-Topiramate
Izinhlobo zama-hormone nama-steroid I-Estrogen, i-Progestin, i-Prednisone, i-Cortisone, imithi ye-thyroid
Eminye imithi nemithi eyahlukahlukene Utshwala, i-Acetazolamide, i-Cimetidine, i-Rifampin, i-St. John's Wort, eminye imithi ye-HIV/Hepatitis, i-Niacin

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzicabangele lapho uthatha imithi

  • I-Lactic Acidosis: Lo muthi ngezinye izikhathi ungabangela ukwanda okuyingozi kwe-asidi egazini (i-lactic acidosis). Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, ukukhathala okukhulu, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula , yeka ukuthatha umuthi ngokushesha bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-HbA1C: Ukuze abone ukuthi isifo sakho sikashukela silawulwa kahle kangakanani, udokotela wakho uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi i-HbA1C , okwenziwa njalo ezinyangeni ezi-2-3.
  • Qaphela amazinga kashukela egazini lakho: Funda izimpawu zamazinga kashukela egazini aphansi (hypoglycemia) kanye namazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini. Hlala ugcina okuthile eduze, njengebha yeglucose, i-sugar cube, noma isiphuzo esinoshukela, ukuze ukuphuze ngokushesha uma ushukela egazini lakho wehla.
  • Ungayeki ukudla: Ungalokothi weqe ukudla. Xhumana nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuphuza utshwala.
  • Ukukhulelwa kanye nokulawula ukubeletha:Lo muthi ungabangela ukukhishwa kwamaqanda kwabanye besifazane futhi wandise amathuba okukhulelwa. Lo muthi awufaneleki uma uzama ukukhulelwa noma ukhulelwe. Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuvimbela inzalo okufanele ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi.
  • Ukuhlinzwa nokuhlolwa: Uma uzokwenza noma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa noma ukuhlolwa okufana ne-MRI noma i-CT scan, tshela ithimba lezokwelapha kusenesikhathi ukuthi uthatha lo muthi. Kungase kudingeke uyeke ukuthatha umuthi ngalezo zinsuku.
  • Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini: Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwalomuthi kunganciphisa amazinga e-vitamin B12 kanye ne-folic acid. Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokudla ukudla okulinganiselayo kanye nokuthatha izithasiselo zamavithamini uma kudingeka.

Imiphumela emibi engase ivele ngenxa yemithi

Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, lo ungaba nemiphumela emibi. Eminye iyingozi, eminye ivamile.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwemiphumela emibi
🚨 Imiphumela emibi kakhulu okufanele ibikwe kudokotela ngokushesha
Ukusabela Kokungezwani Nomzimba Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala kobuso, izindebe, ulimi, nobunzima bokuphefumula.
I-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela (i-DKA) Ukoma ngokweqile, ukuchama njalo, umlomo owomile, iphunga lokuphefumula elifana nezithelo, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza.
Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni Ukoma ngokweqile, umlomo owomile, isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, umchamo ophuzi/onsundu omnyama.
Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo (UTI) Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo, ukuchama njalo, umchamo onegazi noma onamafu, ubuhlungu bomhlane noma besisu.
Ezinye izimpawu ezinkulu Ubuhlungu obukhulu bamalunga, izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (ukuphelelwa umoya, ukuvuvukala kweqakala), i-pancreatitis (ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu), izifo ezitholakala ngaphakathi noma eduze kwezitho zangasese, izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12 (ukuba ndikindiki ezandleni nasezinyaweni, isiyezi).
🙂 Imiphumela emibi engavamile ukuba mibi kakhulu, kodwa okufanele ibikwe kudokotela uma iqhubeka

  • Ukukhwehlela
  • Uhudo
  • Ikhanda elibuhlungu
  • Ukuminyana kwamakhala noma impumulo egobhozayo
  • Umphimbo obuhlungu

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

  • Njalo thatha lo muthi kanye nesidlo sasekuseni. Gwinya ithebhulethi lonke, ungaliphuli noma ulichoboze.
  • Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke eminye imithi oyiphuzayo kanye nanoma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha onazo.
  • Hlala ugcina okuthile eduze (njengesikwele sikashukela) ukuze ukuthathe uma kwenzeka amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ehla.
  • Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zemiphumela emibi engathi sína njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, noma ukoma ngokweqile.
  • Lena yingxenye ebalulekile yohambo lwakho lokuphatha isifo sikashukela, futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu uma ihlanganiswa nokudla okufanele kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba.

Isifo Sikashukela, i-Trijardy XR, i-Empagliflozin, i-Linagliptin, i-Metformin, isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 2, Ushukela Egazini, Imithi Yesifo Sikashukela
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

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Sicela ubale: 1 + 9 =
Okudingeka ukwazi ngephilisi lesifo sikashukela i-Trijardy XR (i-Empagliflozin; i-Linagliptin; i-Metformin)
ImithiJulayi 16, 2026

Okudingeka ukwazi ngephilisi lesifo sikashukela i-Trijardy XR (i-Empagliflozin; i-Linagliptin; i-Metformin)

Uma unesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukunike iphilisi elenziwe ngemithi engaphezu kweyodwa. I-Trijardy XR ingenye yamaphilisi anjalo, inhlanganisela ekhethekile yemithi emithathu esiza ukulawula isifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalo muthi, ukuthi wenzani, nokuthi yini okudingeka uyiqaphele ngenkathi uwusebenzisa.

Kalula nje, kwenzekani ngalo muthi?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zalo muthi: i-Empagliflozin, i-Linagliptin, ne-Metformin . Zonke lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zisebenza ndawonye ukwenza izinto eziningana emzimbeni wakho.

  • Kunciphisa amazinga kashukela egazini.
  • Kwabanye abantu, lokhu kusiza futhi ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi esingabangelwa yisifo sikashukela.

Kodwa khumbula, ukuthatha lo muthi kuphela akwanele. Ukudla okuhle kanye nokuzivocavoca nakho kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zalolu hlobo lokwelashwa. Lo muthi unikezwa kuphela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, awufanele abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.

Izinto okufanele uzitshele udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala imithi

Ngaphambi kokukunikeza lo muthi, udokotela wakho kuzodingeka azi umlando wakho wezempilo ophelele. Uma unezinye zezimo ezibalwe ngezansi, qiniseka ukuthi uyamtshela udokotela wakho . Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni kwakho.

Uhlobo lolwazi Izimo okufanele uziqaphele
Izimo zezokwelapha ezikhona Isifo sezinso, isifo sesibindi, isifo senhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, i-cholesterol ephezulu, umfutho wegazi ophansi, i-anemia, i-pancreatitis, izifo zomgudu womchamo, i-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), i-diabetesic ketoacidosis.
Izindaba ezihlobene nendlela yokuphila Uma uphuza utshwala njalo, ulandela ukudla okunosawoti omncane, udla ukudla okuncishisiwe ngenxa yokuhlinzwa, ukugula, noma ezinye izizathu, noma uma umzimba wakho uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni.
Ukungezwani komzimba nokukhulelwa Uma une-allergy kulo muthi noma kunoma yimuphi omunye umuthi noma ukudla. Uma uke waba nobunzima bokuphefumula ngenxa yokuvuvukala kolimi, ubuso, noma izindebe. Uma ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, noma uncelisa.
Amanye amaphuzu akhethekile Uma usebenzisa i-hemodialysis, unenkinga yokuchama, unesifo esibi noma inxeba, noma ungasokile.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani imithi ngendlela efanele?

  • Thatha lo muthi kanye nesidlo sasekuseni nengilazi yamanzi.
  • Yithathe njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele, ngesikhathi esifanele. Ungathathi okungaphezu kwalokho udokotela akutshele kona.
  • Ungaliphuli, ulichoboze, noma ulihlafune leli philisi. Ligwinye lonke. Ngenxa yokuthi leli philisi le-Extended-Release (XR), lenzelwe ukukhipha umuthi emzimbeni amahora amaningana. Uma uliphula, lelo nqubo lizolahleka.
  • Ungayeki ukuthatha imithi yakho ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
  • Ungase ubone into efana nephilisi lonke liphuma nendle yakho. Lokhu kuvamile, ungakhathazeki. Yigobolondo elingenalutho elisalayo ngemva kokuba umuthi osephilisini umuncwe emzimbeni wakho.

Kuthiwani uma umthamo ukhuphuka?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthathe umuthi omningi kakhulu, shayela ngokushesha iNational Poisons Information Centre eColombo National Hospital , noma uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze.

Kuthiwani uma ngikhohlwa ukuphuza umuthi wami?

Uma ukhohlwa ukuthatha umthamo, thatha ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula. Kodwa uma sekuyisikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo, yeqa umthamo ongawutholanga bese uthatha umthamo olandelayo ngesikhathi esihleliwe. Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Eminye imithi engase ihlangane nalo muthi

Eminye imithi oyithathayo ingase ihlangane nalo muthi, ngakho tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo (kufaka phakathi amavithamini nemikhiqizo yamakhambi) .

Qaphela kakhulu: Kuyingozi kakhulu ukuthatha lo muthi ngemithi ethile ehlukanisayo, njengeDofetilide neGatifloxacin, efakwa emzimbeni ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okufana ne-X-ray, i-CT scans, kanye ne-MRIs.

Imithi engezansi ingase ihlangane nalo muthi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela wakho uma uthatha noma yikuphi kwalokhu.

Isigaba sezidakamizwa Izibonelo
Eminye imithi yokwelapha umfutho wegazi kanye nesifo senhliziyo Ama-diuretics (imithi ebangela ukwanda kokuchama), i-Digoxin, i-Ranolazine
Eminye imithi yokwelapha ukuquleka I-Carbamazepine, i-Phenobarbital, i-Phenytoin, i-Topiramate
Izinhlobo zama-hormone nama-steroid I-Estrogen, i-Progestin, i-Prednisone, i-Cortisone, imithi ye-thyroid
Eminye imithi nemithi eyahlukahlukene Utshwala, i-Acetazolamide, i-Cimetidine, i-Rifampin, i-St. John's Wort, eminye imithi ye-HIV/Hepatitis, i-Niacin

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzicabangele lapho uthatha imithi

  • I-Lactic Acidosis: Lo muthi ngezinye izikhathi ungabangela ukwanda okuyingozi kwe-asidi egazini (i-lactic acidosis). Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, ukukhathala okukhulu, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula , yeka ukuthatha umuthi ngokushesha bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-HbA1C: Ukuze abone ukuthi isifo sakho sikashukela silawulwa kahle kangakanani, udokotela wakho uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi i-HbA1C , okwenziwa njalo ezinyangeni ezi-2-3.
  • Qaphela amazinga kashukela egazini lakho: Funda izimpawu zamazinga kashukela egazini aphansi (hypoglycemia) kanye namazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini. Hlala ugcina okuthile eduze, njengebha yeglucose, i-sugar cube, noma isiphuzo esinoshukela, ukuze ukuphuze ngokushesha uma ushukela egazini lakho wehla.
  • Ungayeki ukudla: Ungalokothi weqe ukudla. Xhumana nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuphuza utshwala.
  • Ukukhulelwa kanye nokulawula ukubeletha:Lo muthi ungabangela ukukhishwa kwamaqanda kwabanye besifazane futhi wandise amathuba okukhulelwa. Lo muthi awufaneleki uma uzama ukukhulelwa noma ukhulelwe. Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuvimbela inzalo okufanele ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi.
  • Ukuhlinzwa nokuhlolwa: Uma uzokwenza noma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa noma ukuhlolwa okufana ne-MRI noma i-CT scan, tshela ithimba lezokwelapha kusenesikhathi ukuthi uthatha lo muthi. Kungase kudingeke uyeke ukuthatha umuthi ngalezo zinsuku.
  • Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini: Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwalomuthi kunganciphisa amazinga e-vitamin B12 kanye ne-folic acid. Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokudla ukudla okulinganiselayo kanye nokuthatha izithasiselo zamavithamini uma kudingeka.

Imiphumela emibi engase ivele ngenxa yemithi

Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, lo ungaba nemiphumela emibi. Eminye iyingozi, eminye ivamile.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwemiphumela emibi
🚨 Imiphumela emibi kakhulu okufanele ibikwe kudokotela ngokushesha
Ukusabela Kokungezwani Nomzimba Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala kobuso, izindebe, ulimi, nobunzima bokuphefumula.
I-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela (i-DKA) Ukoma ngokweqile, ukuchama njalo, umlomo owomile, iphunga lokuphefumula elifana nezithelo, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza.
Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni Ukoma ngokweqile, umlomo owomile, isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, umchamo ophuzi/onsundu omnyama.
Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo (UTI) Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo, ukuchama njalo, umchamo onegazi noma onamafu, ubuhlungu bomhlane noma besisu.
Ezinye izimpawu ezinkulu Ubuhlungu obukhulu bamalunga, izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (ukuphelelwa umoya, ukuvuvukala kweqakala), i-pancreatitis (ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu), izifo ezitholakala ngaphakathi noma eduze kwezitho zangasese, izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12 (ukuba ndikindiki ezandleni nasezinyaweni, isiyezi).
🙂 Imiphumela emibi engavamile ukuba mibi kakhulu, kodwa okufanele ibikwe kudokotela uma iqhubeka

  • Ukukhwehlela
  • Uhudo
  • Ikhanda elibuhlungu
  • Ukuminyana kwamakhala noma impumulo egobhozayo
  • Umphimbo obuhlungu

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

  • Njalo thatha lo muthi kanye nesidlo sasekuseni. Gwinya ithebhulethi lonke, ungaliphuli noma ulichoboze.
  • Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke eminye imithi oyiphuzayo kanye nanoma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha onazo.
  • Hlala ugcina okuthile eduze (njengesikwele sikashukela) ukuze ukuthathe uma kwenzeka amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ehla.
  • Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zemiphumela emibi engathi sína njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, noma ukoma ngokweqile.
  • Lena yingxenye ebalulekile yohambo lwakho lokuphatha isifo sikashukela, futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu uma ihlanganiswa nokudla okufanele kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba.

Isifo Sikashukela, i-Trijardy XR, i-Empagliflozin, i-Linagliptin, i-Metformin, isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 2, Ushukela Egazini, Imithi Yesifo Sikashukela
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.

Engeza amazwana akho

Sicela ubale: 1 + 9 =