Ngakho-ke ayini la ma-enzyme? Kungani siwadinga?
Kalula nje, ama-enzyme awuhlobo lweprotheni . Afana namarobhothi amancane asebenza emizimbeni yethu. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukusheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali emizimbeni yethu, okuyi -metabolism yethu. Cabanga ngakho, la ma-enzyme asiza ekwenzeni izinto ezithile futhi aphule ezinye izinto. Eqinisweni, zonke izinto eziphilayo zinama-enzyme. Imizimba yethu ikhiqiza ama-enzyme ngokwemvelo. Sithola nama-enzyme kokunye kokudla esikudlayo nesikuphuzayo, kanye nakweminye imikhiqizo eyenziwe.Yiluphi usizo olukhulu kakhulu olunikezwa ama-enzyme emizimbeni yethu?
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezenziwa ama-enzyme ukusiza ekugayeni ukudla . Lena inqubo lapho ukudla esikudlayo kuguqulwa khona kube amandla. Cabanga ngakho, kune-enzyme ematheni ethu, kuma-pancreas, emathunjini nasesiswini. Lawa yiwo aphula futhi agaye amafutha, amaprotheni, nama-carbohydrate esiwadlayo. Lezi zakhamzimba zibe sezisetshenziswa yimizimba yethu ekukhuleni nasekulungiseni amaseli. Akukhona lokho kuphela, ama-enzyme asiza ngezinye izinto eziningi. Bheka:- Ukuphefumula ndawonye
- Ukwakha imisipha
- Umsebenzi wezinzwa
- Ukususa ubuthi emizimbeni yethu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwala ma-enzyme.
Ingabe kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-enzyme?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-enzyme emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa into ekhethekile ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwe-enzyme lunomsebenzi owodwa kuphela okufanele luwenze . Njengoba nje ukhiye owodwa ungavula ukhiye owodwa kuphela. Isibonelo, i-enzyme i-Sucrase iphula ushukela we-sugar sucrose. I-enzyme i-Lactase iphula ushukela we-lactose otholakala emikhiqizweni yobisi. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-enzyme ezivame ukusisiza ekugayeni ukudla:| Iqembu le-enzyme | Ukusebenza kahle | Izibonelo |
|---|---|---|
| Ama-carbohydrate | Ama-carbohydrate ahlukaniswa abe ushukela olula. | I-Amylase - etholakala ematheni nakuma-pancreas. |
| I-Lipase | Amafutha ahlukaniswa abe ama-fatty acid kanye ne-glycerol. | Kutholakala kuma-pancreas nasesiswini. |
| I-Protease | Amaprotheni aguqulwa abe ama-amino acid. | I-Pepsin, i-Trypsin. |
Yiziphi izingxenye ze-enzyme? Zisebenza kanjani?
Yonke i-enzyme inendawo ebizwa ngokuthi 'indawo esebenzayo' . Le ndawo inesimo esikhethekile. Sibiza into esebenza ngayo i-enzyme 'ku-substrate' . Le substrate nayo inesimo esikhethekile. Njengesihluthulelo nesihluthulelo. I-enzyme kanye ne-substrate kufanele kuhlangane kahle ukuze kusebenze. Kuphela uma kuhlangana ndawonye lapho kwenzeka khona ukusabela kwamakhemikhali.Cabanga ngakho njengezingcezu ezimbili zeLego ezihlangana ndawonye. I-enzyme iyingcezu eyodwa, i-substrate iyingcezu enye. Uma zihlangana kahle, umsebenzi uyenzeka.
Izinga lokushisa kanye ne-pH kuthinta kanjani ama-enzyme?
Ama-enzyme adinga izimo zemvelo ezifanele ukuze asebenze kahle. Uma lezi zimo zingalungile, ama-enzyme angashintsha isimo. Khona-ke ngeke ahambisane nezingxenye esikhulume ngazo ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke, ngeke asebenze kahle. I-enzyme ngayinye inezinga lokushisa elithile kanye ne-pH efaneleka kakhulu:- i-pH: Ama-enzyme azwela kakhulu ku-acidity kanye ne-alkalinity. Awasebenzi kahle uma indawo ezungezile ine-acidity kakhulu noma i-alkaline kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-enzyme i-pepsin esiswini sethu iphula amaprotheni. Uma ungenayo i-acid eyanele esiswini sakho, i-pepsin ayikwazi ukusebenza kahle.
- Izinga Lokushisa: Ama-enzyme asebenza kahle kakhulu uma izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho lisezingeni elijwayelekile, elingaba ngu-37 degrees Celsius (37°C). Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukusabela kwama-enzyme nakho kuyakhula. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka kakhulu, ama-enzyme ayayeka ukusebenza. Yingakho imisebenzi yomzimba wethu yehla uma sinomkhuhlane omkhulu.
Yiziphi izifo ezibangelwa izinkinga zama-enzyme?
Izinkinga ze-metabolic zivame ukwenzeka uma kungekho i-enzyme ethile eyanele. Lokhu kungadluliselwa ngezakhi zofuzo (ezizuzwe njengefa) ezivela kubazali kuya ezinganeni. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinkinga ze-metabolic ezivamile zezakhi zofuzo:- Isifo se-Fabry : Lesi yisimo lapho umzimba ungakwazi ukukhiqiza i-enzyme i-alpha-galactosidase A, edingekayo ukuze kugaywe amafutha.
- Isifo sikaKrabbe (i-globoid cell leukodystrophy): Lokhu kuthinta ama-enzyme adingekayo ukuze kuvikelwe amangqamuzana ezinzwa , okungukuthi i-myelin (i-Central Nervous System).
- Isifo somchamo we-maple syrup: Lokhu kuthinta ama-enzyme adingekayo ukuphula ama-amino acid athile ane-branched chain .
- Isifo sikaCrohn: Ukungalingani kwamagciwane esiswini sakho (i-gut microbiome ) kungabangela impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba emathunjini. Lokhu kungathinta izimpawu kanye nobukhali besifo sikaCrohn.
- Ukuntuleka kwe-Exocrine pancreatic (EPI): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-pancreas yakho ingakhiqizi ama-enzyme okugaya ukudla anele, okusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuphula ukudla kahle noma ukumunca izakhamzimba.
- Ukungabekezelelani ne-lactose: Lokhu kubangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-enzyme edingekayo ukugaya i-lactose, ushukela otholakala ebisini nasemikhiqizweni yobisi.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela mayelana nenkinga yama-enzyme?
Akunakwenzeka ngempela ukwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi unenkinga ye-enzyme ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwegazi. Kodwa-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubona udokotela uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo:- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Ukuqunjelwa noma igesi
- Uhudo
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (Ukukhathala)
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Ukwehlisa isisindo okungachazeki
- I-anemia
- Ukopha kwamathumbu
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