Izisebenzi ezincane emizimbeni yethu: Okudingeka ukwazi ngama-enzyme!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ukudla esikudlayo, isibonelo ipuleti lelayisi, kunikeza kanjani imizimba yethu amandla? Noma lapho siphefumula, lapho imisipha yethu ikhula, ngabangane abancane kodwa abanamandla kakhulu ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu? Labo bangane babizwa ngokuthi ama-enzyme . Laba bafana nezisebenzi ezincane, ezingabonakali zasefektri ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, ezisisiza njalo ukuba siphile.

Ayini ama-enzyme? Kalula nje...

Ama-enzyme awuhlobo lweprotheni . Asiza ekusheshiseni ukusabela kwamakhemikhali emizimbeni yethu, okubizwa ngokuthi i-metabolism . Cabanga nje, la ma-enzyme ayadingeka ukwakha ezinye izinto nokubhidliza ezinye. Into emangalisayo ukuthi, zonke izinto eziphilayo zinama-enzyme!

Imizimba yethu ikhiqiza ama-enzyme ngokwemvelo. Sithola nama-enzyme kokunye kokudla esikudlayo kanye neminye imikhiqizo eyenziwe.

Ngakho-ke, iyiphi inkonzo enikezwa yila ma-enzyme emzimbeni?

Omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yama-enzyme ukusiza ekugayeni ukudla . Ukugaya ukudla inqubo lapho ukudla esikudlayo kuguqulwa khona kube amandla. Cabanga ngakho, sinama-enzyme ematheni ethu, kuma-pancreas, emathunjini nasesiswini.

Isibonelo, uma udla irayisi, ama-enzyme asiza ekuhlukaniseni isitashi esikulo sibe ushukela. Ama-enzyme akhona futhi ukuze agaye okuthile okunamafutha noma ukudla okucebile ngamaprotheni njenge-lentile. Lawa ahlukanisa amafutha, amaprotheni, nama-carbohydrate abe yizicucu ezincane umzimba ongazimunca. Umzimba ube ususebenzisa lezi zakhi ukuze ukhule futhi ulungise amaseli.

Ngaphezu kokugaya ukudla, ama-enzyme asiza kwezinye izinto eziningi:

• Ukuphefumula: Yebo, le enzyme iyasebenza uma siphefumula.
• Ukukhula kwemisipha: Umzimba udinga nosizo lwama-enzyme ukuze wakhe imisipha.
• Ukuze uhlelo lwezinzwa lusebenze kahle: Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa lusebenze kahle.
• Ukususa ubuthi emzimbeni: Ama-enzyme asiza futhi ukususa izinto eziyingozi, okungukuthi , ubuthi , obuqongelela emizimbeni yethu.

Ingabe kukhona izinhlobo zama-enzyme?

O yebo! Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-enzyme emizimbeni yethu. Into ekhethekile ukuthi, uhlobo ngalunye lwe-enzyme lunomsebenzi owodwa kuphela okufanele luwenze . Kufana nokuthi kunochwepheshe abahlukene bomsebenzi ngamunye.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• I-enzyme i-Sucrase isebenza kuphela ukuphula i-sucrose kashukela.
• I-Lactase iyi-enzyme ephula ushukela we-lactose otholakala ebisini. Abanye abantu bahlushwa yisisu uma bephuza ubisi ngoba abanalo le-enzyme.

Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu zama-enzyme ekugayweni kwethu:

• Ama-carbohydrate: Lawa ahlukanisa ama-carbohydrate (izinto ezifana nesitashi) abe ushukela.
• I-Lipase:Lokhu kuhlukanisa amafutha (izinto ezifana namafutha) abe ama-fatty acid.
• Ama-Protease: Lawa ahlukanisa amaprotheni abe ama-amino acid.

Isebenza kanjani i-enzyme? Yiziphi izingxenye zayo?

Kulula kakhulu. Yonke i-enzyme inendawo ebizwa ngokuthi "indawo esebenzayo." Lokhu kufana nesimo esikhethekile ku-enzyme. Into esebenza kuyo i-enzyme ibizwa ngokuthi "i-substrate." Le substrate nayo inesimo sayo esiyingqayizivele.

Cabanga ngakho njengesihluthulelo nembobo yokhiye. Uma i-enzyme iyimbobo yokhiye, i-substrate iyisihluthulelo esifanelana kahle. Kuphela uma lezi zimbili zihlangana kahle lapho i-enzyme isebenza khona. Okusho ukuthi, njengoba nje isihluthulelo sifakwa embobo yokhiye futhi umnyango uvuleka, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka lapho i-substrate ibopha endaweni esebenzayo.

Izinga lokushisa kanye ne-pH kuthinta kanjani ama-enzyme?

Ukuze ama-enzyme asebenze kahle, kudingeka abe nendawo efanele . Uma indawo ingalungile, ukuma kwama-enzyme kungashintsha. Khona-ke ukhiye nokhiye akuhambisani kahle, futhi ama-enzyme awasebenzi.

I-enzyme ngayinye inezinga lokushisa elithile kanye ne-pH esebenza kahle kakhulu.

• i-pH: Lesi yisilinganiso sokuthi into ene-acid noma i-alkaline ingakanani. Ama-enzyme azwela kakhulu kulokhu. Uma indawo ezungezile ine-acid kakhulu noma i-alkaline kakhulu, ama-enzyme ngeke asebenze kahle. Isibonelo, i-enzyme i-pepsin esiswini sethu iyasiza ekuqhekekeni kwamaprotheni. Uma i-acid ingekho esiswini, i-pepsin ayikwazi ukusebenza kahle.
• Izinga Lokushisa: Ama-enzyme asebenza kahle kakhulu ekushiseni okuvamile komzimba wethu, okungaba ngu-37 degrees Celsius (98.6°F). Njengoba izinga lokushisa landa, ukusabela kwama-enzyme kuyashesha. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokushisa landa kakhulu, ama-enzyme ayayeka ukusebenza. Yingakho uma sinomkhuhlane omkhulu, imisebenzi yomzimba wethu yehla. Ama-enzyme awalawuleki.

Yiziphi izifo ezingabangelwa izinkinga zama-enzyme?

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma imizimba yethu ingenayo i-enzyme ethile eyanele , kungaba nezinkinga ze-metabolic . Ezinye zalezi zingadluliselwa kusuka kubazali ziye ezinganeni ngokusebenzisa izakhi zofuzo (okungukuthi, ifa).

Ezinye zalezi zifo ze-metabolic ezizuzwe njengefa yilezi:

• Isifo se-Fabry: Kulesi simo, umzimba awukwazi ukukhiqiza i-enzyme i-alpha-galactosidase A, edingekayo ukuze kugaywe amafutha (ama-lipid).
• Isifo iKrabbe (i-globoid cell leukodystrophy): Lokhu kuthinta isembozo sokuvikela esizungeze amangqamuzana ezinzwa, okuthiwa i-myelin , kanye nama-enzyme adingekayo kuso. Kuthinta iSistimu Yezinzwa Ephakathi .
• Isifo somchamo we-maple syrup: Lokhu kufaka phakathi ezinyeAma-enzyme adingekayo ukuphula ama-amino acid ahlanganisiwe ayathinteka.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izimo zempilo ezingabangelwa ukungalingani kwama-enzyme:

• Isifo sikaCrohn: Ukungalingani kwamagciwane esiswini sethu (i-gut microbiome) kungaholela ekuphenduleni kwe-autoimmune esiswini. Lokhu kungathinta uhlobo kanye nobukhali besifo.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-pancreas yakho ingakhiqizi ama-enzyme okugaya anele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuphula ukudla kahle noma ukumunca izakhamzimba. I-EPI ingabangelwa izimo ezifana ne -pancreatitis engapheli , umdlavuza we-pancreas , isifo sikashukela, noma i-cystic fibrosis .
• Ukungabekezelelani ne-lactose: Lesi simo sibangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-enzyme (i-lactase) edingekayo ukugaya i-lactose, ushukela otholakala ebisini nasemikhiqizweni yobisi. Abantu abaningi babhekana nezimpawu ezifana nokuqunjelwa kanye negesi ngemva kokuphuza ubisi.

Ukuhlolwa kwama-enzyme kuhlonza kanjani izifo?

Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola izimo ezithile zempilo, njengamazinga aphezulu e-enzyme yesibindi, okungaba uphawu lwesifo sesibindi .

Ingabe kufanele ngithathe izithasiselo zama-enzyme?

Ngokuvamile, umuntu ongenazo izifo ezingamahlalakhona futhi odla ukudla okunempilo uzoba nenani elidingekayo lama-enzyme emzimbeni wakhe.

Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo esithile (njenge-EPI), udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uthathe izithasiselo zama-enzyme. Abantu abaningi abane-EPI bathatha iphilisi lama-enzyme okugaya ukudla ngaphambi kokudla. Lokhu kusiza imizimba yabo ukuthi imunce izakhamzimba ekudleni.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kufanele uhlale ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yisiphi isithasiselo sama-enzyme. Akuyona into enhle ukuzisebenzisa wedwa.

Ingabe imithi ingathinta amazinga e-enzyme?

Yebo, eminye imithi ingabangela ushintsho emazingeni e-enzyme.

• Isibonelo, ama-antibiotic angabulala amabhaktheriya amahle adingekayo ukuze amanye ama-enzyme asebenze kahle. Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi ama-antibiotic ebanga ukucasuka kwesisu kanye nesifo sohudo. Uma ebulala amabhaktheriya amabi abangela ukugula, abulala namabhaktheriya amahle asiza ekugayeni ukudla.
• Ama-statin (imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol) angandisa amazinga e-enzyme yesibindi nemisipha, okungaholela ekulimaleni kwesibindi noma kwemisipha.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela mayelana nenkinga yama-enzyme?

Akunakwenzeka ukwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi unenkinga ye-enzyme ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwegazi. Kodwa-ke, uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukuqunjelwa noma igesi
• Uhudo
• Ukukhathala okuvamile
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukwehlisa isisindo okungachazeki
• I-anemia (ukuntuleka kwamaseli abomvu egazi)
• Ukopha kwamathumbu

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ama-enzyme amancane, kodwa anamandla okusiza alula ukusabela kwamakhemikhali emizimbeni yethu. Asiza kukho konke kusukela ekuphefumuleni kuya ekugayweni. I-enzyme encane kakhulu noma eningi kakhulu ingabangela izinkinga zempilo. Abantu abanezifo ezithile ezingamahlalakhona kungadingeka bathathe izithasiselo zama-enzyme ukuze basize imizimba yabo isebenze kahle. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela.

Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela. Indima yama-enzyme ibaluleke kakhulu empilweni enempilo!

ama - enzyme, ukugaya ukudla, imetabolism, impilo, ukugaya ukudla, amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, i-pH, izifo zemetabolism