Cabanga ngengane yakho encane idlala kahle bese ngokuzumayo iba nenkinga yokuphefumula, amathe aqale ukuphuma emlonyeni wayo, futhi izwi layo liyashintsha lapho ikhuluma. Noma umuntu omdala ngokuzumayo uba nomphimbo obuhlungu kakhulu izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu futhi akakwazi ukuphefumula. Lokhu akuyona into yokudlala ngayo. Lesi simo esiyingozi nesiphuthumayo singabangelwa yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Epiglottitis. Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni, ngakho-ke masiqaphele lokhu.
Kuyini i-Epiglottitis? Ake sikuqonde kalula.
Kalula nje, kukhona i-cartilage encane emphinjeni wethu, ngemuva nje kolimi. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi i-epiglottis . Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuvimbela ukudla nokuphuza ukuthi kungangeni ngqo emphinjeni wethu (i-trachea) futhi kungene emhubheni wethu. Isebenza njengesibambo esishintsha imizila emgwaqweni.
Ngakho-ke, i-Epiglottitis yilapho i-epiglottis ivuvukala ngokuzumayo, ibomvu, futhi ivuvukale, kungaba ngenxa yokutheleleka noma esinye isizathu.
Ake ucabange nje, kwenzekani uma lokhu kugoba okuphezu komgudu womoya kuvuvukala? Umgudu womoya, i-trachea , uvaleka ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho awukwazi ukuphefumula. Njengoba izindlela zomoya zezingane ezincane zincane kakhulu, lokhu kuvuvukala kuyingozi kakhulu kuzo. Yingakho kubhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma unalezi zimpawu, ungacabangi ngisho nokubilisa amaqabunga e-coriander ekhaya noma uzame ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ekhaya. Kufanele umyise esibhedlela ngokushesha okukhulu lowo muntu.
Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?
I-Epiglottitis ayisona isifo esivame kakhulu, kodwa singaba khona kubantu banoma yimuphi ubudala.
Esikhathini esidlule, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kuka-1985, lesi sifo sasivame ukwenzeka ezinganeni eziphakathi kweminyaka emi-3 nengu-5. Imbangela enkulu yalokhu kwakuyibhaktheriya i- Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib) . Kodwa manje umuthi wokugomela i-Hib ufakiwe ohlelweni lokugomela lukazwelonke olunikezwa izingane zisencane ezweni lethu. Ungase ukhumbule umuthi wokugomela i-pentavalent onikezwa izingane ezinyangeni ezi-2, ezi-4, nezi-6. Lokho kunikeza nokuvikelwa kulokhu kutheleleka kwe-Hib. Yingakho lesi sifo manje singavamile ukubonwa ezinganeni.
Kodwa ngokumangazayo, lesi simo manje sibonakala kaningi kubantu abadala. Asibangelwa yibhaktheriya ye-Hib, kodwa ngezinye izinhlobo zamabhaktheriya, njenge -Streptococcus pneumoniae kanye ne-Staphylococcus .
Ziyini izimpawu ze-epiglottitis? Ungakuqeda kanjani?
Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela ngokuzumayo futhi zingaba zimbi kakhulu ngokushesha emahoreni ambalwa. Izingane ezincane, ikakhulukazi, zingaba nalezi zimpawu ngaphandle kwesixwayiso ngoba izindlela zazo zokuphefumula zincane kakhulu. Abantu abadala bangase babe nezimpawu ezihlala usuku noma ezimbili, njengomphimbo obuhlungu, bese ziba zimbi kakhulu.
Kunezimpawu eziyinhloko ezine ezisetshenziswa odokotela ukuxilonga lesi sifo. Lezi zaziwa nangokuthi "ama-D angu-4".
| Isibonakaliso "D" | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Dysphagia | Ubunzima bokugwinya: Lokhu akufani nomphimbo obuhlungu ojwayelekile. Kuzwakala kubuhlungu kangangokuthi awukwazi ngisho nokugwinya ithonsi lamathe. |
| I-Dysphonia | Izwi liyashintsha: Izwi liyahoshozela, noma lithambe kakhulu, njengokukhuluma ngokuhlebeza. Abanye abantu bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi “izwi le-hot potato,” njengokungathi ukhuluma ne-hot potato emlonyeni wakho. |
| Ukuvuza amathe | Ukuvuza amathe: Ubuhlungu obukhulu emphinjeni benza kube nzima ukugwinya amathe, ngakho amathe ayaphuma emlonyeni ngengozi. |
| Ukucindezeleka | Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuzizwa ufuthwe. Isifuba siyangena lapho uphefumula. Isiguli sibonakala sikhathazekile kakhulu. |
Ngaphezu kwalezi zici eziyinhloko, ezinye izici eziningana zingabonakala:
- Umphimbo obuhlungu ngendlela exakile.
- Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-38 (100.4 Fahrenheit).
- Umsindo ophansi, ophakeme, ofana nokuthi 'whoosh', uzwakala lapho uphefumula.
- Ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane zivame ukuvula imilomo yazo, zigobe phambili, futhi zibeke izandla zazo emadolweni ukuze ziphefumule. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'indawo ye-tripod'. Lesi isici esibaluleke kakhulu.
- Ingane ayihlaliseki futhi iyacasuka .
Lezi zimpawu ngezinye izikhathi zingafana nezinye izifo, njenge-croup. Kodwa-ke, i-croup ivame ukukhwehlela, futhi i-croup ayiyona into embi kangako ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha ukuze ahlukanise kahle futhi aphathe lezi zifo zombili.
Yini ebangela i-epiglottitis?
Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, kodwa kungase kube nezinye izimbangela.
- Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane: Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, lokhu kungabangelwa amagciwane e-Hib ezinganeni, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane kubantu abadala.
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane: Ngezinye izikhathi, uma sinezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-chickenpox (varicella-zoster virus) kanye ne-herpes (herpes simplex virus), amasosha ethu omzimba ayabuthakathaka futhi ukutheleleka ngebhaktheriya kungangena kalula ngakho.
- Ukutheleleka ngesikhunta: Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kakhulu (isib. abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, iziguli ezelashwa umdlavuza) nabo banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo ngenxa yokutheleleka ngesikhunta njenge-Candida.
- Ukulimala komphimbo: Lesi simo singabangelwa ukushaywa kanzima emphinjeni, ukuminyana nento ebukhali (njengethambo lenhlanzi), noma ukuphuza uketshezi olushisayo kakhulu ngokuzumayo, njengenkomishi yetiye.
- Ukubhema: Ukubhema njalo, ukufutha i-vape, noma ukuhogela intuthu yezidakamizwa efana ne-crack cocaine nakho kungaba yimbangela.
- Amakhemikhali: Lesi simo singavela ngemva kokuphuza ikhemikhali enobuthi (isib. i-asidi) eshisa umphimbo.
Ingabe lesi sifo siyathelelana?
I-Epiglottitis ayisabalali ngqo isuka kumuntu iye komunye. Kodwa-ke, igciwane noma igciwane eliyibangela lingasabalala. Amagciwane asatshalaliswa ngamaconsi angena emoyeni lapho othile ekhwehlela noma ethimula. Kodwa-ke, akuwona ngempela amagciwane lapho uba ne-epiglottitis. Kwenzeka kuphela uma amagciwane engena kwi-epiglottis yakho futhi ebangela ukutheleleka.
Ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa kwenziwa kanjani esibhedlela?
Njengoba lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo, into yokuqala odokotela abazoyenza uma ulethwa ku-ETU ukuzola ukuphefumula kwakho kunokuthola ukuthi yisiphi isifo. Ngoba ukusindisa impilo yakho kuyinto eza kuqala. Uma ukuphefumula kwakho sekuzinzile, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa ukusiza ekuxilongeni lesi simo:
- Ukuhlolwa komphimbo: Udokotela ochwepheshe usebenzisa ipayipi elincane elinekhamera (i-laryngoscopy) ukuhlola ingaphakathi lomphimbo nokuhlola ngqo ukuvuvukala kwe-epiglottis.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray:Ku-X-ray yentamo, i-epiglottis evuvukile ibukeka njengophawu lwesithupha .
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-swab yegazi neyomphimbo: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukutheleleka emzimbeni. I-swab yomphimbo ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze kutholakale ukuthi yimaphi amabhaktheriya noma igciwane elibangela ukutheleleka.
Kulandelwa izinyathelo ezintathu eziyinhloko ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
| Izinyathelo zokwelapha | Kwenziwani |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukuvikela indlela yokuphefumula | Okokuqala, kufakwa imaski yomoya-mpilo bese kunikezwa umoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Uma indlela yokuphefumula ivalekile kakhulu, kufakwa ipayipi ngomlomo liye epayipini lomoya (intubation) ngosizo lodokotela obulala izinzwa. Uma lokhu kungenzeki ngisho nasesimeni esiphuthumayo, kwenziwa ukusika okuncane entanyeni bese kufakwa ipayipi epayipini lomoya. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-tracheostomy. Kodwa lokhu akuvamile ukuba kudingeke. |
| 2. Ukunikeza usawoti kanye noketshezi | Umkhuhlane kanye nobunzima bokugwinya kungabangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Ukuvimbela lokhu, i-saline ifakwa emthanjeni (i-IV drip). |
| 3. Ama-antibiotic | Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, ngakho-ke kufakwa ama-antibiotic afanele emthanjeni. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa, kunikezwa umuthi ofanele amagciwane abangele ukutheleleka. |
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa futhi ngingazivikela kanjani?
Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe isonto lonke ukululama ngokuphelele. Kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela cishe izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu. Ngisho noma kufakwa ipayipi ukusiza ekuphefumuleni, lizosuswa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu lapho ukuvuvukala sekwehlile futhi uzokwazi ukuphefumula wedwa.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kumele uqedele yonke imithi elwa namagciwane enqunywe udokotela wakho (ngokuvamile izinsuku eziyi-7). Akuyona into enhle ukuyeka ukuyiphuza phakathi nendawo ngoba nje ubuhlungu sebuphelile. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukuthi ukutheleleka kubuye.
Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukuzivikela ngokuphelele kulesi simo, ungenza okulandelayo ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:
- Ukugonywa: Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ithola umuthi wokugonywa onezingxenye ezinhlanu, okuhlanganisa nomgomo we-Hib, ngesikhathi esifanele. Kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela izingane.
- Ukuhlanzeka okuhle: Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo. Gwema ukuthinta amehlo akho, impumulo nomlomo ngokungadingekile.
- Zivikele ezifweni: Hlala kude nabantu abakhwehlelayo nabathimulayo ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Ukugwema izinto ezingalimaza umphimbo wakho: Gwema izinto ezingalimaza umphimbo wakho, njengokuphuza izinto ezishisa kakhulu nokubhema.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Epiglottitis iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esisongela ukuphila lapho i-epiglottis, ingxenye yomphimbo, ivuvukala ngokuzumayo futhi ivimbele ukuphefumula.
- Ubunzima bokugwinya, ukushintsha kwezwi, ukuvuza amathe, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula yizimpawu eziyinhloko.
- Uma ubona eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zimpawu, yisa isiguli e- Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha. Ungazami ukwelapha ekhaya.
- Umuthi wokugomela i-Hib onikezwa izingane uvimbele kakhulu ukwenzeka kwalesi sifo ezinganeni.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lesi simo sibi kangakanani, abantu abaningi bayalulama ngokuphelele uma bethola ukwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele nangokufanele . Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha.
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