Kungase kuzwakale kuyinto exakile ukucabanga ukuthi indle yomunye umuntu isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukugula komunye umuntu, akunjalo? Kodwa lena yindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu esetshenziswa kwezokwelapha izifo ezithile ezingathi sína. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngale ndlela yokwelapha emangazayo kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuthi i-fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).
Kuyini ukufakelwa indle?
Kalula nje, lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yendle yomuntu ophilile bese uyifaka emathunjini omuntu onesifo. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kungathandeki. Kodwa isampula yendle enempilo iqukethe izigidi zamagciwane awusizo (i-microbiota). Lapho lawa magciwane efakwa emathunjini onesifo, angenza izimangaliso ukubuyisela impilo yawo.
Njengamanje, odokotela batusa kakhulu lokhu kwelashwa njengokwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezinzima emathunjini. Lokhu kufakelwa kuthumela inani elikhulu lamagciwane amahle ukulwa namagciwane amabi, abangela izifo emathunjini agulayo. Uma la magciwane amahle engasekho, ibhalansi yesistimu yamagciwane (i-gut microbiome) ngaphakathi kwamathumbu ethu iyabuyiselwa.
Kusebenza kanjani lokhu? Kwenzekani ngaphakathi esiswini sethu?
Cabanga ngesisu sakho njengengadi enhle. Kule ngadi, kunezitshalo ezinhle (amagciwane amahle) esizidingayo, kanye nezitshalo ezimbi (amagciwane amabi). Uma nje konke kulinganisela, ingadi iyinhle, okusho ukuthi siphilile.
Kodwa eminye yemithi esiyithathayo, ikakhulukazi ama-antibiotic, ezinye izifo, nezinye izinto zingabulala izitshalo eziningi ezinhle kule nsimu. Kwenzekani-ke? Ukhula, noma amabhaktheriya amabi, athatha yonke ingadi futhi asakazeke ngokushesha. Yilapho amathumbu ethu engalingani khona futhi sigula.
Ukufakelwa indle kufana nokutshala kabusha ingadi egcwele ukhula, okuletha izinkulungwane zezitshalo ezinempilo (amagciwane amahle). Lawa magciwane amasha amahle ancintisana namagciwane amabi, awagcine elawulwa, futhi abuyisele ibhalansi enempilo emathunjini.
Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa lusetshenziselwa izifo ezinjani?
Njengamanje, le ndlela yokwelapha iphumelela kakhulu futhi ifakazelwe ukuthi yelapha ukutheleleka kwe-C. difficile okuphindaphindayo (i-CDI), uhlobo lokutheleleka kwamathumbu okubangelwa yibhaktheriya i-C. difficile, okunzima ukuyilawula ngisho nangamagciwane.Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho ama-antibiotic ehluleka ukulawula lokhu kutheleleka, ukufakelwa indle kungaveza imiphumela ephumelelayo ngendlela emangalisayo.
Kodwa-ke, odokotela nososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi le ndlela yokwelapha ingaba usizo kwezinye izifo eziningi. Ngoba amagciwane asemathunjini ethu anethonya elikhulu hhayi nje kuphela ohlelweni lwethu lokugaya ukudla, kodwa futhi nasesimweni sethu sokusebenza komzimba kanye nesimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ukuze kubonwe ukuthi lungakwazi yini ukwelapha ezinye izifo eziningi.
| Ezinye izimo lapho ukwelashwa kokufakelwa kwendle kucwaningwa khona | |
|---|---|
| Izifo zesistimu yokugaya ukudla | - Isifo Sokuvuvukala Kwamathumbu (IBD) - "Isifo Sokucasuka Kwamathumbu (IBS)" |
| Izifo ze-Metabolic | - Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile - Isifo sesibindi - Isifo sikashukela |
| Ezinye izimo | - Ukungezwani nokudla - "Isifo Sokuphazamiseka Kwe-Autism Spectrum (ASD)" - Ukukhathazeka Nokucindezeleka - `Isifo Sokuqaqamba Kwamalunga Esiningi (i-MS)` |
Kwenziwa kanjani ukufakelwa indle? Yiziphi izindlela?
Kunezindlela eziningana zokufaka lesi sampula sendle esinempilo emathunjini esiguli. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha indlela efanele kakhulu isimo sakho.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Colonoscopy | Ipayipi elincane elinekhamera (ikholonoscope) lifakwa nge-anus bese lidlula emathunjini amakhulu. Ngaleli payipi, uketshezi lwendle lungafakwa ngqo emathunjini. Lena yindlela evame ukusetshenziswa futhi ephumelelayo. |
| I-Endoscopy Ephezulu | Ithubhu (i-endoscope) ifakwa esiswini noma emathunjini amancane ngomlomo noma ekhaleni. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ayiphumeleli kangako ngoba amagciwane kufanele ahambe ibanga elide emathunjini amancane ngaphambi kokufika emathunjini amakhulu. |
| I-Enema | Uketshezi lwendle lufakwa ngepayipi elincane elifakwa e-rectum. Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu ngoba amagciwane aya ngqo emathunjini amakhulu. Umkhiqizo wokuqala ovunyelwe yi-FDA e-United States, i-Fecal Transplant, unikezwa ngale ndlela. |
| I-Capsule Yomlomo | Lena yindlela entsha nelula. Ugwinya amaphilisi aqukethe amagciwane endle omisiwe, aqandisiwe ngamanzi. Lawa maphilisi aklanyelwe ukuhlala engancibiliki aze afike emathunjini amakhulu. |
Utholaphi indle yalokhu kwelashwa?
Ngenxa yale njongo, indle iqoqwa kubantu abazinikele abaphilile kakhulu (abanikeli) . Ngaphambi kokukhetha umuntu njengomnikeli, badlula ochungechungeni lwezivivinyo zezokwelapha eziqinile kakhulu. Baqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izifo ezithathelwanayo noma amagciwane endle yalowo muntu ngokuphelele.
Ngemva kokuba isampula yendle isiqoqiwe, ithunyelwa elabhorethri, ihlanzwe, ixutshwe noketshezi olufana nosawoti, ihlungwe, bese kwenziwa uketshezi. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuyaqandiswa ukuze kusetshenziswe kamuva, noma komiswe bese kwenziwa ama-capsule.
Ubani ongafaneleki ukuba ngumnikeli wesihlalo?
Lokhu kuzokunikeza umbono wokuthi kungakanani ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba indle yomuntu itshalwe komunye umuntu. Akekho onezimo ezilandelayo ozokhethwa njengomnikeli.
- Uma usanda kusebenzisa ama-antibiotic.
- Uma kukhona ezinye izifo eziyingozi zamagciwane njenge-'E. coli'.
- Uma unezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-hepatitis, i-HIV, noma i-COVID-19.
- Uma kukhona izimuncagazi emathunjini.
- Uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa.
- Uma unesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo (IBD) noma izifo ezizimele.
- Uma kukhona emndenini onomlando womdlavuza.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zalokhu kwelashwa?
Inzuzo eyinhloko
Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kahle ngo-80% kuya ku-95% ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka kwe-C. diff okuphindaphindayo. Leli yithemba elikhulu ngalesi sifo, esiye saba sibi kakhulu kangangokuthi ngisho nama-antibiotic ahlulekile ukusilawula.
Imiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi
Ukungakhululeki okuncane kungase kwenzeke usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili ngemva kokwelashwa.
- Ukuqunjelwa kwesisu, ukuqunjelwa
- Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Umkhuhlane kanye nokubanda kwabanye abantu
Lokhu ngokuvamile akukubi kakhulu futhi kuyaphela ezinsukwini ezimbili.
Ingozi enkulu kakhulu ukuthi kungenzeka, nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, ukuthi igciwane eliyingozi elalilawulwa emzimbeni womnikeli lingangena emzimbeni womnikeli obuthakathaka futhi libangele ukutheleleka. Kodwa ukuze kuncishiswe le ngozi, abanikeli bahlolwa ngokucophelela futhi amasampula endle ahlanzwa kahle kakhulu. Le ngozi iphansi kakhulu ngemikhiqizo evunyelwe esetshenziswa namuhla.
Nakuba lokhu kwelashwa kungase kuzwakale kungavamile, kunesayensi eningi ngemuva kwakho. Kuyisibonelo esihle sendlela amagciwane amancane emizimbeni yethu angathinta ngayo impilo yethu. Ezigulini ezihlushwa yi-C. diff, lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha eshintsha impilo ngempela.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa indle kungase kuzwakale kungavamile, kodwa kuyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu yezifo ezinzima njenge-C. diff ephindaphindayo.
- Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka 'amagciwane amahle' avela endle yomuntu ophilile emathunjini omuntu ogulayo, kubuyiselwe ibhalansi yamagciwane lapho.
- Amasampula endle asetshenziswa ekwelapheni ahlolwa ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awanayo noma yisiphi isifo, ngakho-ke kuthathwa isinyathelo esikhulu mayelana nokuphepha.
- Lokhu akuyona into ongayenza ekhaya. Lena inqubo yezokwelapha ekhethekile eyenziwa esibhedlela noma emtholampilo ngodokotela abaqeqeshiwe.
- Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ehlushwa izifo zamathumbu eziphindaphindayo ezingalawulwa ngama-antibiotic, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngale ndlela yokwelapha.
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