Cabanga nje, othile uphuma igazi kakhulu engozini enkulu yomgwaqo. Noma ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okukhulu, igazi eliningi lilahleka ngokungazelelwe. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, uma inqubo yemvelo yokujiya kwegazi emzimbeni wethu ingasebenzi kahle, ingaba usongo olukhulu empilweni. Kusezimweni ezibucayi kangaka lapho sikhuluma khona ngokwelashwa okusindisa impilo okubizwa ngokuthi i-Fresh Frozen Plasma, noma i-FFP njengoba sonke siyazi. Mhlawumbe lapho udokotela wakho ekhuluma ngaleli gama, ungase uzizwe wesaba futhi unelukuluku. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe kalula futhi ngobungane ngokuthi iyini le FFP, inikezwa bani, kanjani, futhi yiziphi izinzuzo zayo kanye nezingozi zayo.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)?
Igazi lethu alikhiwanga yinto eyodwa kuphela. Linezingxenye eziningana. Cabanga ngalo njengesaladi yezithelo. Njengoba nje kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezithelo kulo, igazi lethu linezingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko.
- Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu: Lawa yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke.
- Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi: Lawa yibutho lethu elilwa namagciwane abangela izifo.
- Ama-Platelet: Uma usikeka, yiwona aqala ukuvimba ukopha nokumboza inxeba, njenge-plaster encane.
- I-Plasma: Lona ngumlingiswa oyinhloko wendaba yethu. I-Plasma yingxenye yegazi ephuzi ewuketshezi. Wonke amaseli okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla ayantanta kulo 'mfula' obizwa ngokuthi i-plasma.
Le plasma ayiwona amanzi nje kuphela. Iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, ama-hormone, nosawoti abalulekile empilweni yethu. Okubaluleke kakhulu kulawa amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi "izici zokugoqa noma zokujiya."
Cabanga ngalezi zinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi njengeqembu lonjiniyela abancane. Uma umthambo wegazi ulimele noma uqhekekile, laba onjiniyela, kanye nama-platelet okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, bakha ngokushesha i-mesh ezungeze indawo, 'njengedamu', bamise ngokuphelele ukuphuma kwegazi. Uma le nqubo ingasebenzi kahle, ngisho nesilonda esincane singabangela ukuphuma kwegazi ngokweqile.
I-FFP inqubo yokususa wonke amanye amangqamuzana egazini lomuntu elinikelwe, ihlukanise kuphela le plasma eyigugu. Bese kuthi, ukuze kulondolozwe labo 'onjiniyela' abayigugu, okungukuthi, izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi, igazi liyathathwa bese liqandiswa kakhulu ekushiseni okungu--18 degrees Celsius noma ngisho nangaphansi kwamahora angu-8. Yilapho igama elithi 'Fresh Frozen' livela khona.
Ubani ngempela odinga ukwelashwa kwe-FFP?
I-FFP akuyona indlela yokwelapha enikezwa wonke umuntu ophuma igazi. Iyindlela yokwelapha ewusizo odokotela abayisebenzisayo ezimweni ezimbalwa ezithile, lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zinganele. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi lezo zimo.
| Uma kudingeka ukwelashwa | Ukuchaza kalula... |
|---|---|
| Ukopha okukhulu (Ukulahlekelwa Yigazi Okukhulu) | Ezikhathini ezifana nengozi enkulu yemoto, ukuwa endaweni ephakeme, noma ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, inani elikhulu legazi likhishwa ngokuzumayo emzimbeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, izici zokujiya kwegazi nazo ziyancipha kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-FFP inikezwa ukubuyisela lezo zinto ezinciphile nokulawula ukopha. |
| Ukuntuleka kwezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi (Ukushoda Kwezici Zokugoqa) | Abanye abantu banezifo zokuzalwa nazo. Isibonelo yi -hemophilia . Kulezi zifo, ezinye zezinto ezidingekayo ukuze igazi lijiye azikhiqizwa emzimbeni. Futhi, le nkinga iyenzeka kubantu abanesifo sesibindi. Ngoba lezi zinto ezijiyayo zikhiqizwa kakhulu yisibindi. Uma igazi linikezwa abantu abanjalo, i-FFP isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka lezo zinto ezishodayo. |
| Kulabo abathatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi njenge-Warfarin | I -Warfarin umuthi ovimbela ukujiya kwegazi, onikezwa izimo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo. Uma umuntu othatha lo muthi eba nengozi futhi eqala ukopha, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuwuyeka. Ngisho noma unikezwa i-vitamin K ngalokhu, kuthatha isikhathi ukusebenza. Ngakho-ke, njengesixazululo esisheshayo, i-FFP inikezwa ukuze inikeze izici zokujiya kwegazi ezidingekayo ngqo. |
| Isimo esingavamile esibizwa ngokuthi i-TTP (I-Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura) | Lesi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu futhi esiyingozi. Sibangela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi emithanjeni yegazi emincane yomzimba. Ngokunikeza i-FFP, umzimba ungabuyisela i-enzyme engekho futhi ulawule lesi sifo. |
Zikhona yini ezinye izinhlobo ze-FFP?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-FFP, ngayinye inomehluko omncane endleleni ekhiqizwa ngayo kanye nesikhathi ekhiqizwa ngaso. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa amagama anjenge-`PF24` noma i-`Cryo-poor plasma`. Kodwa lawa magama awabalulekile kuwe. Lena imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ebalulekile kodokotela kanye nabasebenzi belebhu. Bazokhetha uhlobo lwe-plasma olufanele kahle isimo sakho. Ngakho-ke akudingeki ukhathazeke ngalokho.
Inikezwa kanjani i-FFP treatment? Ingabe ibuhlungu?
Ukwelashwa nge-FFP kuvame ukwenziwa esibhedlela. Akuyona inqubo enkulu. Kuyinqubo elula, njengokunikeza isisombululo se-saline.
1. Ukulungiselela: Okokuqala, thatha isikhwama se-FFP esiqandisini bese usibeka esitsheni samanzi ashisayo esikhethekile kuze kube yilapho sifinyelela izinga lokushisa lomzimba. Lokhu akukwazi ukufakwa kuma-microwave, njengoba ukwenza kanjalo kuzobhubhisa amaprotheni abalulekile akuso.
2. Ukufaka umugqa we-IV: Okulandelayo, umhlengikazi noma udokotela uzofaka i-cannula encane emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Lokhu kufana nokufaka inaliti ukuze ikunike usawoti. Ngaphandle kokuzwa okuncane okuhlabayo, abukho ubuhlungu obukhulu.
3. Ukunikeza i-plasma: Manje isikhwama esine-plasma ephuzi exutshwe kahle sixhunywe kumugqa we-IV. Bese sifakwa kancane kancane emzimbeni wakho ngemithambo yakho. Isikhwama esisodwa se-FFP siqukethe cishe amamililitha angu-200-250. Kuthatha cishe imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-45 ukuthi singene emzimbeni wakho. Udokotela uzonquma ukuthi zingaki izikhwama okufanele akunike zona kuye ngokuthi isimo sakho sibucayi kangakanani.
4. Ukuqapha: Phakathi nalokhu kwelashwa, umhlengikazi uzohlala eduze kwakho futhi ahlole njalo umfutho wegazi lakho, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nokushisa komzimba . Baqaphela kakhulu noma yikuphi ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba. Ngakho awuwedwa, futhi othile uhlala ekubhekile.
5. Ukuhlolwa: Ngaphambi nangemva kokunikezwa kwe-FFP, kuthathwa amasampula egazi kuwe futhi kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okufana nokuhlolwa kwe-"PT/INR" kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-PTT ukuze kuhlolwe ijubane lokujiya kwegazi. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi babone ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphumelele kangakanani.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma uzwa ukungakhululeki, ukulunywa, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula phakathi nale nqubo, tshela umhlengikazi noma udokotela ngokushesha.
Ingabe i-FFP inganikezwa umuntu wanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi?
Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile siyazi ukuthi lapho sinikela ngegazi, izinhlobo zegazi kumele zifane. Lapho sinikela ngamaseli abomvu egazi, siyazi ukuthi igazi lohlobo O "lingumnikeli wemvelo" ongalinika noma ubani.
Kodwa uma kukhulunywa ngokunikela nge-plasma, le ndaba ihluke ngokuphelele!
Ku-plasma, i-plasma evela kumuntu onegazi lohlobo lwe-AB ingumnikeli ojwayelekile , onganikezwa umuntu onegazi lanoma yiluphi uhlobo.Kuyenzeka futhi. Futhi, umuntu onegazi lohlobo O angathola kuphela i-plasma yohlobo O.
Kodwa ungakhathazeki ngalokhu. Esimweni esiphuthumayo, uma uhlobo lwegazi lakho lungaziwa, odokotela kanye nabasebenzi basebhange legazi bazokhetha inketho ephephe kakhulu ukuthi wonke umuntu akunike i-plasma. Bahlala bezama ukukunikeza i-plasma ehambisana nohlobo lwegazi lakho.
Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona zokwelashwa kwe-FFP?
Njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa, ukwelashwa kwe-FFP kunezinzuzo kanye nezingozi ezincane kakhulu.
Inzuzo eyinhloko:
Inzuzo enkulu neyodwa yalokhu ukuthi kuyindlela yokwelapha esindisa impilo. Ezimweni zokopha okungalawuleki, i-FFP ingahlinzeka ngezinto ezidingekayo zokujiya kwegazi, imise ukopha, futhi isindise impilo yesiguli. Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngalolu hlobo lokwelashwa.
Izingozi ezingaba khona (Izinkinga):
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zingozi azivamile. Njengoba izinsizakalo zebhange legazi eSri Lanka zisezingeni eliphezulu, kuthathwa isinyathelo ngasinye ukunciphisa lezi zingozi.
| Ingozi | Lokho kusho ukuthi... |
|---|---|
| Ukungezwani komzimba (Ukusabela Kokungezwani Nomzimba) | Ngezinye izikhathi umzimba ungasabela ku-plasma etholwa ngaphandle. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezincane njengokulunywa nokulunywa. Lokhu ngokuvamile kungalawulwa ngokushesha ngemithi. |
| Izifo (Ukutheleleka) | Le ngozi manje iphansi kakhulu. Ngoba wonke umuntu onikela ngegazi uhlolwa kahle izifo ezifana ne-HIV, i-Hepatitis B, kanye ne-C. Ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokwesaba kakhulu le ngozi. |
| I-TRALI (ukulimala kwamaphaphu okubuhlungu) (Ukulimala Okukhulu Kwamaphaphu Okuhlobene Nokufakwa Kwegazi) | Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu kodwa kuyingozi.Isimo. Uma ezinye zezinto eziku-plasma zingasebenzi kahle emzimbeni wakho, amaphaphu akho agcwala amanzi bese kuba nzima ukuphefumula. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka zingakapheli amahora ayisithupha ngemva kokuthola i-plasma. |
| I-TACO (uketshezi oluningi ngokweqile) (Umthwalo Ogcwele Wokujikeleza Kwegazi Ohambisana Nokufakelwa Kwegazi) | Ikakhulukazi kumuntu onesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sezinso, lapho kufakwa inani elikhulu loketshezi emzimbeni ngesikhathi esisodwa, inhliziyo ingase ingakwazi ukubhekana nalo. Lokhu kungandisa umfutho wegazi futhi kubangele ubunzima bokuphefumula. Odokotela bayaqaphela lokhu futhi balawula izinga lokunikezwa kwe-plasma. |
Kunini lapho udinga ukukhuluma nodokotela? Ingabe udinga ukuya e-ETU?
Uzokhishwa esibhedlela kuphela uma sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi uphephile ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, eminye imiphumela emibi ingase ivele ngemuva kokuba usubuyele ekhaya.
Tshela udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu:
Uma uzizwa kanje ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, shayela isibhedlela esikuphathe wena noma udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Uma uzizwa ushisa futhi ubanda
- Uma uba nokulunywa, ukuqubuka, noma i-blister emzimbeni wakho
- Uma isicanucanu nokuhlanza kuphelile
- Uma uzizwa unesiyezi noma unekhanda elibuhlungu
- Uma unezinhlungu emhlane
Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, iya ku-ETU ngokushesha!
Izimpawu ezilandelayo ziyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha . Zingaba izimpawu zezimo ezimbi kakhulu i-TRALI noma i-TACO okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla. Zingabonakala zingakapheli amahora ayi-6 ngemuva kokuthola i-plasma.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo
- Imfiva
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngaphandle kokulinda.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-FFP yingxenye yoketshezi yegazi elinikelwe ecebile ngamaprotheni adingekayo ukuze igazi lijiye.
- Lokhu kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula ukopha ngokweqile nokwelapha abantu abanezinkinga zokujiya kwegazi.
- Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ewusizo kakhulu engasindisa izimpilo.
- Ukwelashwa kunikezwa esibhedlela, ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha, ngendlela elula, njengokunikeza isisombululo se-saline.
- Njengakuzo zonke izindlela zokwelapha, kunezingozi ezincane, kodwa odokotela bazokunikeza lokhu kwelashwa ngemva kokucabanga ngezinzuzo nezingozi. Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ayivamile.
- Uma ubhekene nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, noma umkhuhlane ngemva kokwelashwa, kubheke njengesimo esiphuthumayo bese uya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
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